UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
AT   LOS  ANGELES 


STATE  NORMAL  8CBOOL 


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LIST   OF 


SUBJECT    HEADINGS 


FOR   USE    IN 

'V 

DICTIONARY    CATALOGS 


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PREPARED  BY  A  COMMITTEE 

OF    THE 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


9886 


WITH    AN    APPENDIX 


PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  A.  L.  A.  PUBLISHING  BOARD 

BY  THE 

LIBRARY  BUREAU,  530  ATLANTIC  AVE.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 
190  i 


u. 


,'YN 


PREFACE. 


THIS  List  of  subject  headings  has  been  prepared  for  the  cataloger  and  is 
to  be  considered  as  an  appendix  to  Cutter's  Rules  for  a  dictionary 
catalog,  ed.  3,  sections  99  to  120. 

Every  compiler  of  a  dictionary  catalog  finds  two  great  difficulties :  ist,  the 
choice  between  synonymous  or  related  headings ;  2d,  the  making  of  the  neces- 
sary cross-references.  The  best  catalogs  show  great  diversity  of  usage  and 
it  has  often  been  suggested  that,  by  a  collation  of  these  catalogs,  a  list  of 
subject  headings  might  be  made  which  would  simplify  the  work  of  the  cataloger 
and  lead  to  more  uniformity.  At  the  Lakewood  conference  of  the  American 
Library  Association  a  committee  for  this  purpose  was  appointed.  At  the 
Chicago  conference  the  committee  reported  progress  and  the  Publishing  Sec- 
tion was  instructed  to  proceed  with  publication  as  soon  as  possible.  At  the 
Lake  Placid  conference  the  committee  reported  completion  of  the  work,  and  it 
is  now  submitted  to  the  members  of  the  A.  L.  A  and  other  librarians  for 
approval.  The  catalogs  on  which  the  list  is  based  are  those  of  the  Boston 
Athenaeum,  Peabody  Institute  and  Cleveland  Public  Library,  the  American 
catalog,  and  the  Harvard  Subject  index. 

Of  course  no  such  list  can  be  complete,  nor  is  this  intended  to  be  so.  It 
is  limited  to  the  headings  most  often  needed  in  the  small  or  medium  sized  public 
library.  The  following  classes  of  headings  have  been  omitted : 

1.  Personal  names. 

2.  Geographical  headings,  such  as  names  of  countries,  places,  languages, 
literatures,  etc.     [See  Library  journal,  i8:C79-So,  for  treatment  of  these.*] 

3.  Technical    and   scientific   names,  unless   there   are   equivalent   common 
names  and  for  purposes  of  cross-reference. 

4.  Animals  and  plants  and  chemical  and  medicinal  substances. 

5.  Books  and  Other  parts  of  the  Bible.     These  should  be  entered  as  sub- 
heads under  Bible,  with  reference  from  their  names. 

6.  The  following  special  classes :     Names  of  months,  days,  processes   in 
arithmetic,  parts  of  speech,  virtues  and  vices,  diseases,  headings  beginning  with 
numbers  (as  Eighteenth  century). 

7.  Other  specific  headings  where  there  seemed  to  be  no  doubt  as  to  name 
or  references,  as  most  games,  foods,  etc. 

It  is  thought  that  the  list  is  sufficiently  full  for  ordinary  use.  The  head- 
ings for  any  new  subject  can  be  settled  by  the  application  of  the  rules  given 

*See  also  Appendix  G. 
HI 


341722 


PREFACE 

below  and  by  the  analogies  of  headings  already  in  the  list.  For  full  discus- 
sion of  principles  the  cataloger  is  referred  to  Cutter's  Rules.  Any  cataloger 
having  to  deal  with  unusual  books  will  consult  special  catalogs  or  reference 
books,  such  as  the  Surgeon-General's  Catalog,  Soule's  Lawyers'  reference 
manual,  Bouvier's  Law  dictionary,  M'Clintock  and  Strong's  Cyclopaedia,  etc. 

The  general  principle  of  decision  is  that  the  heading  shall  be  that  under 
which  it  is  supposed  that  the  majority  of  educated  Americans  will  look, 
with  cross-references  from  other  forms  of  heading. 

In  carrying  out  this  principle  the  following  rules  have  been  followed  so 
far  as  possible : 

1.  Use  common  names   instead   of  technical,  English   instead    of  foreign  ; 
but  not  if  the  common  or  English  name  is  ambiguous   or  of  ill-defined  extent. 

2.  Use    singular     rather    than   plural    except    where    subjects    are     only 
thought  of  under  the  plural. 

3.  Use   headings   most   generally  found    in   the   leading   catalogs.     Usage, 
however,  is  changing ;  Moral  philosophy,  for  example,  is  now  almost  universally 
called  Ethics. 

4.  Put  compound   names   under  the  first   word  unless  some  other  is  more 
significant  (Agricultural  botany,  rather  than  Botany,  agricultural ;  but  History, 
ancient,  rather  than  Ancient  history).* 

In  order  that  all  the  books  on  a  subject  may  be  brought  together  in  the 
catalog,  cross-references  must  be  liberally  supplied.  For  this  reason  the  list 
of  "  see-alsos  "  is  especially  full. 

Particular  attention  is  called  to  the  "  refer-froms."  These  are  the  "  see- 
alsos  "  reversed  and  group  under  each  heading  the  references  that  should  be 
made  from  other  subjects.  Of  course  these  references  are  not  to  be  made 
unless  the  book  cataloged  actually  illustrates  the  subject  from  which  reference 
is  made.  They  are  suggestions  rather  than  directions,  and  do  not  relieve  the 
cataloger  from  using  his  judgment. 

It  has  not  always  been  thought  necessary  to  include  in  the  list  obvious 
"  refer-from  "  references  where  the  headings  stand  side-by-side  in  the  alphabeti- 
cal arrangement.  For  example,  from  Agriculture  to  Agricultural  botany,  pests, 
etc. 

It  will  of  course  be  understood  that  where  the  reference  is  simply  "  See," 
no  subject  entries  are  to  be  made  under  the  heading  referred  from. 

One  column  is  left  blank  for  additions.  The  cataloger  is  advised  to  check 
headings  and  references  as  used  and  to  add  new  headings  required.  If  he  wishes 
to  use  a  different  form  of  heading,  it  will  be  necessary  to  make  the  change 
wherever  the  heading  occurs  in  the  list,  otherwise  discrepancies  will  creep  into 
the  catalog.  By  this  method  a  complete  list  of  all  the  subject  headings  and 
references  in  the  catalog  will  be  at  hand  without  reference  to  the  catalog  itself. 

*  Minority  report.  C.  A.  Cutter  prefers  Ancient  art,  Ancient  geography,  Ancient  history ;  Classi- 
cal antiquities,  Classical  art,  Classical  biography,  Classical  geography,  Classical  history ;  as  he  would  prefer 
Medieval  antiquities,  Medieval  art,  Medieval  geography,  and  Medieval  history,  if  in  that  case  the  substan- 
tive Middle  ages  were  not  better. 

In  this  he  follows  the  principle  of  concrete  cataloging,  which  brings  together  what  relates  to  a 
thing,  a  country,  a  period,  rather  than  all  works  belonging  to  a  class  or  form,  such  as  Geography,  History. 


PREFACE 

Unless  the  library  is  quite  small,  personal  and  geographical  headings  should  be 
kept  on  slips  as  a  supplementary  list. 

When  there  is  a  great  accumulation  of  entries  under  a  heading,  it  is  well  to 
subdivide.  The  Boston  Athenaeum  and  Peabody  Institute  catalogs  furnish  good 
models  for  such  subdivision.  [See  also  Appendix.] 

We  do  not  expect  that  this  List  of  subject  headings  will  be  considered  final 
or  escape  criticism.  If,  however,  the  general  scheme  of  the  work  receives  the 
approval  of  librarians,  it  forms  a  basis  upon  which  a  revised  edition  can  more 
easily  be  prepared.  We  shall  be  satisfied  with  our  labors  if  the  result  is  found 
useful  to  catalogers,  especially  to  beginners. 

GARDNER  M.  JONES, 
G.   E.   WIRE,  M.D.,  LL.B., 
C.   A.   CUTTER, 

Committee. 
SALEM,  MASS.,  July  22,  1895 


PREFACE  TO   SECOND   EDITION. 


IN  the  present  edition  a  few  errors  have  been  corrected,  and  changes  and  addi- 
tions have  been  made  in  accordance  with  suggestions  of  catalogers.  The  small 
number  of  criticisms,  either  of  the  general  plan  or  of  particular  headings,  indicates 
that  the  work  has  met  the  approval  of  its  users.  The  number  of  changes  in  head- 
ings is  192,  many  of  which  are  merely  alterations  in  spelling  or  compounding  of 
words  to  conform  to  the  Century  dictionary,  the  standard  adopted  by  the  Publishing 
Section.  The  work  having  now  been  stereotyped,  further  changes  are  not  to  be 
expected  for  many  years.  Special  thanks  for  suggestions  are  due  to  Miss  Esther 
Crawford,  head  cataloger  of  the  Dayton  (Ohio)  Public  Library,  and  J.  C.  Hansen, 
head  cataloger  of  the  Library  of  Congress.  Dr.  G.  E.  Wire,  formerly  in  charge 
of  the  medical  department  of  the  Newberry  Library,  and  a  member  of  the  original 
committee,  has  revised  the  medical  headings. 

The  special  feature  of  this  edition  is  the  appendix,  which  contains  hints  on 
subject  cataloging,  and  schemes  for  subdivision  of  countries,  cities,  the  Bible, 
Shakespeare,  and  languages,  these  being  headings  under  which  many  entries  are 
likely  to  accumulate.  The  more  extended  schemes  are  needed  only  by  large 
libraries.  Most  libraries  should  begin  with  the  briefer  schemes,  making  additional 
subheads  as  the  library  increases  in  size.  Thanks  are  due  the  Boston  Public 
Library  and  the  New  York  State  Library  School  for  permission  to  reprint  those 
to  which  their  names  are  attached. 

GARDNER  M.  JONES, 
C.  A.  CUTTER, 
EDITH  D.  FULLER, 
SALEM,  MASS.,  May  24,  1898.  Committee. 


FOR    USE    IN 

DICTIONARY    CATALOGS 


Abbeys.      See  also   Cathedrals ;    Convents ; 

Monasticism. 

Refer  from     Catholic     church ;     Church 

architecture  ;  Church  history ;  Convents ; 

Monasteries ;  Nunneries. 

Abbreviations.    See  also  Cipher ;  Shorthand. 

Refer    from     Manuscripts ;     Shorthand ; 

Writing. 
Abdomen.     See  also  Intestines ;    Kidneys  ; 

Liver ;   Stomach  ;  Viscera. 
Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Viscera. 
Abolition    of    slavery.      See    Abolitionists ; 

Slavery. 
Abolitionists. 

Refer  from  Abolition  of  slavery ;  Biogra- 
phy ;  Slavery. 
Abscess.     See  also  Suppuration. 

Refer  from  Pathology ;  Suppuration. 
Absolution.     See  also  Confession  ;  Penance. 
Refer  from   Church   polity ;    Confession ; 

Penance ;  Sin. 

Abstinence.    See  Fasting;  Starvation;  Tem- 
perance. 

Academies  (learned  societies) .  See  Societies. 
Academies  (schools). 
Refer  from  Schools. 
Accent.     See  also  Prosody. 

Refer  from  Language  ;  Prosody. 
Accidence.     See  Grammar. 
Accident  insurance.     See  Insurance. 
Accidents.      See  also   Bruises ;     Burns   and 
scalds  ;    Collisions ;    Drowning ;    Explo- 
sions ;      Life-saving ;     Poisons ;     Ship- 
wrecks ;   Surgery. 

Refer  from  Disasters  ;  Drowning ;  Emer- 
gencies ;    Injuries ;    Life-saving ;    Medi- 
cine ;  Nurses  and  nursing ;  Surgery. 
Accounts.     See  Arithmetic ;  Bookkeeping. 
Accumulators.     See  Storage  batteries. 


Aci-Adv]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Acids. 

Refer  from  Chemistry. 
Acknowledgments. 
Refer  from  Law. 
Acoustics.     See  Sound. 
Acrobats. 

Refer  from  Sports. 
Acrostics. 

Refer  from  Puzzles. 

Acting.     See  also  Actors  ;  Actresses  ;  Ama- 
teur  theatricals ;    Drama  ;    Expression  ; 
Pantomime ;  Theatre. 
Refer  from  Actors ;   Actresses  ;    Amateur 
theatricals;  Amusements;  Drama;  His-    » 
trionics  ;  Stage ;  Theatre. 
Actions   at   law.     See  also  Costs ;    Equity ; 
Evidence;  Forms  (in law)  ;  Injunctions; 
Pleading;  Trials. 

Refer  from  Equity ;  Forms  (in  law)  ;  Law ; 
Pleading ;    Procedure ;    Suits    at    law ; 
Trials. 
Actors.         See    also     Acting ;      Actresses ; 

Theatre. 
Refer  from  Acting ;  Actresses  ;  Biography ; 

Drama;  Players;  Theatre. 
Actresses.         See    also     Acting ;      Actors ; 

Theatre. 
Refer  from  Acting ;   Actors  ;   Biography ; 

Drama;  Players;  Theatre;  Woman. 
Adages.     See  Maxims  ;  Proverbs. 
/Addresses.     See  Orations. 
v  Administration.     See  Political  science. 

Administrators    and    executors.      See    also 

Wills. 
Refer  from   Guardians ;    Law ;    Property ; 

Wills. 
Admirals.     See  also  Naval  biography. 

Refer  from  Biography;  Naval  biography. 
Admiralty.     See  also  Commercial  law ;  Mari- 
time law. 

Refer  from  Commercial  law ;  Law ;  Mari- 
time law. 
Adoption.     See  also  Guardians. 

Refer  from  Children  ;   Foundlings ;  Guar- 
dians; Law;  Orphans. 
Adulterations.     See  also  Drugs  ;  Food. 
Refer  from  Analysis  of  food  ;  Chemistry ; 
Commerce;    Drugs;    Food;     Hygiene, 
public. 
Adultery. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law ;   Marriage. 
Advent.     See  also  Second  advent. 
Refer  from  Fasts  and  feasts. 


Adv-Agr]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Adventure.     See  also  Discoveries ;  Escapes; 
Explorers ;   Heroes ;    Shipwrecks  ;  Voy- 
ages and  travels. 
Refer  from  Escapes ;  Heroes. 
Adventurers.     See  Imposture. 
Adversity.     See  Affliction. 
I/Advertising.     See  also  Signboards. 

Refer  from  Business  ;  Commerce  ;  Period- 
icals. 
Aerial  navigation.     See  also  Flight. 

Refer  from  Aeronautics ;  Air ;  Air-ships ; 
Balloons  ;  Engineering ;  Flight ;  Flying- 
machines  ;  Locomotion ;  Mechanics ; 
Navigation. 

Aerolites.     See  Meteors. 
Aeronautics.     See  Aerial  navigation. 
Aesthetics.     See  Esthetics. 
Affidavits. 

Refer  from  Forms  (in  law)  ;  Law. 
Affliction.     See  also  Consolation. 

Refer  from  Adversity ;  Ethics ;  Suffer- 
ing. 

African  colonization.     See  also  Liberia,  and 
the     names     of    African      colonization 
societies. 
Refer     from      Colonization ;      Negroes ; 

Slavery. 
Age.     See  also  Longevity ;  Old  age. 

Refer  from  Old  age. 
Agents.     See  also  Attorneys. 

Refer  from   Attorneys  ;    Brokers ;    Com- 
mercial law ;  Factors  ;  Partnership. 
Agnosticism.    See  also  Atheism  ;  Positivism  ; 

Skepticism. 
Refer  from  Atheism  ;  Faith  ;  Free  thought ; 

Philosophy ;   Skepticism  ;  Theology. 
Agreements.     See  Contracts. 
Agricultural  botany. 

Refer  from  Botany. 
Agricultural  chemistry.     See  also  Fertilizers ; 

Manures ;   Soils. 
Refer     from      Chemistry ;       Fertilizers ; 

Manures ;   Soils. 
Agricultural  colleges.     See  also  Agricultural 

education. 
Refer  from  Agricultural  education ;    Col- 

leges  and  universities. 

^Agricultural    education.     See   also   Agricult- 
ural colleges.      \ jj^f^tJf^  ^ciL-o-o-^-'O 
Refer  from   Agricultural   colleges;    Edu- 
cation. 

Agricultural  exhibitions. 
Refer  from  Exhibitions. 


Agr-Alc]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Agricultural   machinery.     See  also  Agricult- 
ural tools. 

Refer  from  Agricultural  tools  ;  Machinery. 
Agricultural    pests.      See  also    Caterpillars; 

Fungi;  Insects;  Weeds. 
Refer  from  Gardening ;  Insects;  Pests. 
Agricultural  societies. 

Refer  from  Societies. 
Agricultural    tools.      See    also    Agricultural 

machinery. 
Refer     from     Agricultural      machinery; 

Tools. 

I/Agriculture.  See  also  Barns ;  Bees  ;  Botany ; 
Butter;  Cattle;  Cheese;  Coffee;  Corn 
laws  ;  Cotton  ;  Cow  ;  Dairy ;  Domestic 
animals  ;  Domestic  economy  ;  Drainage  ; 
Ensilage  ;  Fertilizers  ;  Flax  ;  Floricult- 
ure ;  Forestry;  Fruit;  Gardening; 
Grain ;  Grangers  ;  Grape  ;  Grass  ;  Green- 
houses ;  Hog ;  Horse ;  Irrigation ; 
Land  ;  Landscape  gardening ;  Maize  ; 
Manures  ;  Milk  ;  Ox ;  Peasantry ;  Poul- 
try ;  Sheep ;  Soils ;  Stables ;  Sugar ; 
Tobacco  ;  Trees  ;  Vegetables  ;  Wheat  ; 
Wool ;  and  headings  beginning  Agri- 
cultural. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Botany ;  Country 
life ;  Farming ;  Fruit ;  Gardening ;  Hus- 
bandry ;     Land ;     Market     gardening ; 
Planting ;   Plants  ;  Rural  economy. 
Ague.     See  Malarial  fever. 
Air.     See   also   Aerial    navigation ;     Barom- 
eter ;     Compressed    air ;     Meteorology ; 
Ventilation. 
Refer    from     Atmosphere;      Chemistry; 

Meteorology;  Physics. 
Air-engine. 

Refer  from  Engines. 
Air-pump. 

Refer    from    Philosophical    instruments ; 

Pumps. 

Air-ships.     See  Aerial  navigation. 
Albigenses.     See  also  Waldenses. 

Refer  from  Church  history ;  Waldenses. 
VAlchemy.     See  also  Chemistry. 

Refer  from   Chemistry ;    Gold  ;   Hermetic 
art ;    Metals ;    Occult   sciences ;    Super- 
stition ;  Transmutation  of  metals. 
Alcohol.      See   also    Brewing ;     Distillation ; 

Liquors ;  Temperance. 
Refer  from  Chemistry ;  Distillation  ;  Food  ; 
Liquors ;     Stimulants     and     narcotics ; 
Temperance ;  Wine. 
Alcoran.     See  Koran. 


Ale-Alp]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Ale.     See  also  Beer ;  Brewing. 

Refer  from  Beer;  Liquors. 
Algae. 

Refer  from  Botany ;  Cryptogams  ;  Marine 
plants ;  Mosses ;   Ocean  ;    Sea    mosses ; 
/     Seashore ;  Seaweeds. 
VAlgebra.     See  also  Equations  ;  Mathematics  ; 

Numbers. 
Refer     from     Analysis,     mathematical ; 

Equations ;  Mathematics. 
Aliens.     See   also   Allegiance ;    Citizenship ; 

Naturalization. 
Refer  from  Allegiance;  International  law; 

Law. 
Alkalies. 

Refer  from  Chemistry. 
Allegiance.     See  also   Aliens ;    Citizenship ; 

Naturalization. 

Refer  from    Aliens;    Citizenship;    Inter- 
national law ;  Law. 
Allegories.     See  also  Parables. 

Refer  from  Fiction ;   Parables ;  Religion. 
Allegory. 

Refer  from  Rhetoric. 
Allopathy.      [For  polemical  treatises  only.] 

See  also  Homeopathy. 
Refer  from  Homeopathy;  Medicine. 
Alloys.     See  also  Amalgamation. 

Refer  from  Amalgamation;  Metals. 
%/Almanacs.     See  also  Chronology;    Nautical        (- Lc-nn  0.1-1  O.C.  5 

almanacs ;  Year-books. 
Refer  from   Annuals ;    Astronomy ;    Cal- 
endars ;    Registers  ;     Statistics  ;    Time  ; 
Year-books. 

Almsgiving.     See  Charity ;  Poor. 
Almshouses.     See  also  Charities  ;  Poor. 
Refer  from  Charities ;  Poor ;  Poorhouses  ^ 

Workhouses. 

"'Alphabet.  See  also  Alphabets ;  Cuneiform 
writing ;  Hieroglyphics  ;  Inscriptions ; 
Printing;  Writing. 

Refer  from  Inscriptions ;  Language ; 
Letters  (of  the  alphabet)  ;  Phonetics ; 
Writing. 

Alphabets.     See   also   Illumination ;    Mono- 
grams. 

Refer  from  Alphabet ;  Decoration  and 
ornament ;  Illumination  (of  mss.  and 
books)  ;  Lettering ;  Monograms  ;  Orna- 
mental alphabets  ;  Painting,  mechanical ; 
Penmanship ;  Sign  painting. 


Alp-Amp]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Alpine     clubs.       See     also      Geographical 

societies ;  Mountaineering. 
Refer     from      Geographical      societies ; 

Mountaineering ;  Mountains. 
Alpine  plants. 

Refer  from  Botany;  Mountains. 
Alpine  zoology. 

Refer  from  Mountains;  Zoology. 
Altars.     See  also  Lord's  supper ;  Mass. 

Refer  from  Church  furniture. 
Alternating    currents.       See    Electric     cur- 
rents. 
Amalgamation.     See  also  Alloys  ;  Mercury. 

Refer  from  Alloys  ;  Metals. 
Amateur  operas. 

Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Opera. 
Amateur     theatricals.       See    also     Acting; 
Charades  ;  Pantomime  ;  Shadow  panto- 
mimes ;  Tableaux. 

Refer     from       Acting ;       Amusements ; 
Charades  ;  Drama ;  Private  theatricals  ; 
Tableaux;  Theatre. 
Amazons. 

Refer  from  Woman. 
Ambassadors.     See  also  Diplomacy. 

Refer  from  Diplomacy ;  International  law ; 

Ministers  (of  state). 
Ambulances. 

Refer  from  Carriages ;   Military  surgery ; 
Vehicles. 

[  American  aborigines.     See  Indians.  ~>  \ 

V  O*-rvie.>cie.fl.-»i  L 

American  loyalists.    See  also  U.  S.,  History, 

Revolution. 

Refer  from  Biography;  Loyalists,  Ameri- 
can; Tories,  American;  U.  S.,  History, 
Revolution. 
American  party. 

Refer  from  Know-nothings ;  Parties ;  U. 

S.,  Politics. 
American  revolution.     See  U.  S.,  History, 

Revolution. 
Americanisms. 

Refer  from  Dialects ;  English  language  ; 

Slang. 

Ammunition.      See    also    Firearms ;    Gun- 
powder; Projectiles. 
Refer  from  Firearms ;  Gun ;   Military  art 

and  science ;  Ordnance. 
Amphibia.     See  Batrachia. 
Amphitheatres.     See  also  Gladiators. 

Refer  from  Architecture. 
Amphorae.     See  Vases. 


Amp-Anc]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Amputation. 

Refer    from     Military     surgery ;     Naval 
surgery;   Surgery. 

Amulets. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Charms ;  Super- 

j       stition ;  Talismans.  , 

</ Amusements.  See  also  Acting;  Amateur  uc-ni  u.5  CTn  «,ii  u»4-  Ot c*-">~>i  &• 
operas ;  Amateur  theatricals  ;  Ballet ; 
Balls  ;  Camping ;  Cards ;  Charades ; 
Circus  ;  Coaching ;  Concerts  ;  Conjuring ; 
Dancing ;  Dolls  ;  Enigmas  ;  Fairs ;  Fenc- 
ing ;  Festivals  ;  Fortune  telling ;  Games ; 
Masquerades  ;  Music ;  Opera ;  Palmistry ; 
Pantomime  ;  Puzzles  ;  Riddles  ;  Sports ; 
Tableaux;  Theatre;  Toys;  Ventrilo- 
quism. 

Refer  from  Entertainments ;  Ethics ; 
Games;  Recreation;  Sports. 

Ana.     See  Anecdotes. 

Anabaptists.     See  Baptists. 

Anagrams. 

Refer  from  Literature. 

Analysis.  See  Assaying ;  Blowpipe  ;  Chem- 
istry ;  Spectrum  ;  also  name  of  substance 
analyzed. 

Analysis,  mathematical.  See  Algebra ;  Cal- 
culus. 

Analysis  of  food.     See  Adulterations  ;  Food. 

Analytical  geometry.     See  Geometry. 

Anarchy.     See  also  Nihilism. 

Refer  from  Nihilism  ;  Political  science. 
v. Anatomy.  See  also  Abdomen ;  Anatomy 
for  artists  ;  Anthropometry ;  Arteries  ; 
Autopsy ;  Bones  ;  Brain ;  Breast ;  Dis- 
section ;  Ear ;  Eye  ;  Foot ;  Hand ;  Head ; 
Heart ;  Histology ;  Intestines  ;  Joints ; 
Liver ;  Lungs  ;  Mouth  ;  Nerves ;  Ner- 
vous system  ;  Nose  ;  Physiology ;  Skull ; 
Spine  ;  Stomach  ;  Surgery ;  Teeth  ; 
Throat ;  Veins  ;  Vivisection. 
Refer  from  Biology ;  Body,  human  ;  Dis- 
section ;  Histology  ;  Human  body  ;  Man  ; 
Medicine ;  Morphology ;  Physiology ; 
Surgery ;  Zoology. 

Anatomy  for  artists.     See  also  Expression ; 

Figure  painting. 

Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Artistic  anatomy ; 
Artists  ;  Arts,  fine ;  Drawing ;  Expres- 
sion ;  Figure  painting ;  Human  figure ; 
Painting ;  Sculpture. 

Ancestor-worship.     See  also  Confucianism. 
Refer  from  Parents;  Worship. 

Ancestry.     See  Genealogy ;  Heredity. 


Anc-Ani]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Anchors. 

Refer  from  Ships. 

Ancien  regime.     See  France,  History. 
Ancient  art,   geography,    history,    etc.     See 
Art,    Geography,    History,    etc.,    under 
which    subdivisions    may    be    made    if 
necessary. 
Anecdotes.     See  also  Table-talk. 

Refer  from  Ana ;   Biography ;  Literature ; 

Table-talk;  Wit  and  humor. 
Aneroid  barometer.     See  also  Barometer. 

Refer  from  Barometer. 
Anesthetics.     See  also  Chloroform  ;  Ether. 
Refer  from  Chloroform  ;  Ether ;  Medicine ; 

Pain ;  Surgery ;  Therapeutics. 
Angels.     See  also  Demonology. 

Refer  from  Bible  ;  Heaven  ;  Theology. 
Angling.     See  Fishing. 
Aniline  colors.     See  also  Dyeing. 

Refer  from   Chemistry ;    Coal ;    Coal    tar 

colors ;  Color ;   Dyeing. 
Animal  coloration.     See  Color  of  animals. 
Animal  electricity. 

Refer  from  Electricity;  Zoology. 
Animal  food.     See  also  Cannibalism  ;  Meat ; 

Vegetarianism. 

Refer  from  Food;  Meat;  Vegetarianism. 
Animal  heat. 

Refer  from  Heat;  Temperature;  Zoology. 
Animal  kingdom.     See  Zoology. 
Animal  'locomotion.     See  also  Birds  ;  Flight ; 

Running  ;  Walking ;  Wings. 
Refer  from  Birds  ;  Flight ;    Locomotion ; 
/       Zoology. 

''Animal  magnetism.  See  also  Clairvoyance  ; 
Hypnotism ;  Mind-reading ;  Second 
sight. 

Refer  from  Clairvoyance  ;  Hypnotism  ; 
Magnetism  ;  Medicine ;  Mental  sugges- 
tion ;  Mesmerism ;  Mind  and  body ; 
Mind-cure  ;  Mind-reading ;  Physiology ; 
Psychology  ;  Sleep  ;  Spiritualism  ;  Sug- 
gestion, mental ;  Therapeutics. 
V/Animal  psychology.  See  also  Instinct. 

Refer  from   Instinct;     Intellect;    Intelli- 
gence of  animals  ;  Psychology ;  Reason ; 
Soul ;  Zoology. 
Animalcules.     See  also  Microscope. 

Refer  from  Zoology. 

Animals.  See  Domestic  animals  ;  Hunting ; 
Zoology;  also  headings  beginning  with 
Animal. 


Ani-Ant]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

^Animals,  legends  and  stories  of.     See  also     fjtnimad  *$~rc> 

Bestiaries ;   Fables. 

Refer  from   Legends ;    Mythology ;  Zoo- 
logical mythology. 

Animals,   training  of-     See  also  Domestica- 
tion. 

Refer  from  Domestication  ;  Training. 
Animals,     treatment    of.       See     also    Vivi- 
section. 
Refer  from    Brutes  ;     Cruelty ;    Ethics ; 

Kindness  to  animals. 

Animals,    worship    of.      See    also    Serpent- 
worship. 

Refer  from  Mythology ;    Worship  ;    Zoo- 
logical mythology. 
Annals.     See  Chronology ;   History. 
Annealing.     See  also  Glass  ;   Iron. 

Refer  from  Metals. 
Annihilation.     See  also  Future  life. 

Refer  from  Future  life;  Theology. 
Annuals.    [Enter  here  only  the  old-fashioned 
gift-books.]     See  also  Almanacs  ;  Year- 
books. 

Refer  from  Year-books. 
Annuals  (plants). 

Refer  from  Floriculture. 
Annuities. 

Refer    from     Insurance;      Investments; 

Probabilities. 
Anonyms. 

y  Refer  from  Authors;   Bibliography. 
V^.ntarctic  regions. 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions  ;   Earth  ;  Polar 

regions  ;   Voyages  and  travels. 
Anthems.     See  also  Chants  ;  Church  music ; 

Hymns. 
Refer    from     Chants ;      Church     music ; 

Music ;   Songs. 
Anthropology.    See  Civilization  ;  Ethnology ; 

Language  ;  Man  ;  Woman. 
Anthropometry. 

Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Man. 
Antichrist. 

Refer  from  Jesus  Christ ;  Theology. 
Antinomianism. 

Refer  from   Calvinism ;     Congregational- 
ism ;     Massachusetts,    Church    history; 
Theology. 
Antiquarian  societies. 

Refer  from  Historical  societies. 
Antiquities.     See   Archaeology;   also   under 
names  of  countries,  etc. 


Ant-App]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Antiseptics.     See  also  Disinfection. 

Refer    from     Disinfection ;      Medicine ; 

Surgery ;  Therapeutics. 
Antislavery.     See  Slavery. 
Apartment  houses. 

Refer  from  Architecture,  domestic ;  Flats ; 

Hotels. 
Apes.     See  also  Gorilla ;  Monkeys. 

Refer  from  Mammals  ;  Monkeys ;  Zoology. 
Aphorisms.     See  Epigrams  ;  Maxims  ;  Prov- 
erbs ;  Quotations ;  Table-talk. 
Apiculture.     See  Bees. 
Apocalypse.     See  Bible. 
Apocrypha.     See  Bible. 
Apocryphal  gospels,  etc.     See  also  Apostles' 

creed;  Apostolic  constitutions. 
Refer    from     Apostles'     creed  ;     Bible  ; 

Fathers  of  the  church. 
Apologetics.     See  Christianity. 
Apoplexy. 

Refer  from  Brain;  Medicine,  practice  of; 

Paralysis. 
Apostles.     See  also  Bible. 

Refer  from  Bible ;  Christian  biography ; 
Church  history ;  Evangelists ;  Jesus 
Christ;  Theology. 

Apostles'  creed.     See  also  Apocryphal  gos- 
pels. 

Refer  from  Apocryphal   gospels ;   Church 
of      England;       Creeds;       Protestant 
episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. 
Apostolic  church.     See  Church  history. 
Apostolic  constitutions. 

Refer  from    Apocryphal    gospels,    etc. ; 
Church   law ;     Fathers    of  the    church ; 
Theology. 
Apostolic  fathers.     See  also  Fathers  of  the 

church. 
Refer  from  Christian  biography ;  Church 

history ;  Fathers  of  the  church. 
Apostolic    succession.      See   also   Bishops ; 

Episcopacy ;  Popes. 

Refer   from    Bishops;     Church    history; 
Church    of    England;    Church    polity; 
Episcopacy;  Popes;  Protestant  episco- 
pal church  in  the  U.  S. ;  Theology. 
Apothecaries.     See  also  Pharmacy. 

Refer  from  Biography ;  Pharmacy. 
Apothegms.       See     Epigrams  ;      Maxims  ; 

Proverbs;  Quotations;  Table-talk. 
Apparatus.     See  Instruments. 
Apparitions.     See  also  Demonology ;  Ghosts  ; 

Spiritualism. 
Refer    from     Delusions;      Demonology: 

10 


App-Arc]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Dreams  ;  Ghosts  ;   Hallucinations  ;   Illu- 
sions ;    Phantoms ;    Psychology ;    Spec- 
tres;     Spirits;      Spiritualism;      Super- 
natural ;   Superstition ;  Visions. 
Appeal. 

Refer  from  Law. 
Apprentices. 

Refer  from   Boys ;    Economics  ;    Labor ; 

Master  and  servant. 
Aquarium. 

Refer  from  Fish;  Marine,  zoology ;   Nat- 
ural history ;  Zoology. 
Aquatic  animals.     See  Marine  zoology.  • 
Aqueducts. 

Refer  from   Canals  ;    Engineering ;     Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Water-supply. 
Arabesque. 

Refer  from  Decoration  and  ornament. 
"Arbitration,  industrial. 

Refer    from     Commercial    law ;    Labor ; 

Strikes  and  lockouts. 
Arbitration,  international. 

Refer  from  International  law. 
Arbor-day.     See  also  Forestry. 

Refer  from  Forestry ;    Holidays  ;  Trees. 
Arboriculture.     See  Forestry ;  Fruit. 
Arc  lamps.     See  Electric  lamps. 
•J  Archaeology.      See  also   Amulets ;    Archi- 
tecture ;  Arms  and  armor ;  Arrow-heads ; 
Arts,  fine;  Baths  and  bathing;  Bells; 
Bible  ;  Brasses  ;  Bronze  age  ;  Bronzes ; 
Burial ;    Castles ;    Catacombs  ;    Caves ; 
Cemeteries  ;     Chariots  ;    Christian    art ; 
Church  antiquities  ;  Civilization  ;  Classi- 
cal antiquities  ;  Cliff-dwellings  ;  Coffins  ; 
Coins  and  medals  ;  Costume  ;  Epitaphs  ; 
Ethnology ;       Folk-lore ;       Fountains  ; 
Gems ;     Glass ;     Heraldry ;      History  ; 
Indians  ;  Inscriptions  ;  Lake-dwellings  ; 
Man  ;  Manners  and  customs ;  Marriage  ; 
Middle  ages  ;  Monuments  ;  Mound-build- 
ers ;  Mounds  ;    Mummies  ;    Mythology ; 
Obelisks ;     Pageants ;      Painting ;     Pot- 
tery ;  Pyramids  ;  Sculpture  ;  Seals  ;  Shell- 
mounds  ;  Signboards ;  Stone  age ;  Sun-     . 
dials ;    Temples  ;    Tombs ;  also   names 
of  countries,  sub-head  Antiquities. 
Refer    from    Antiquities ;    Architecture ; 
Arts,    fine ;    Civilization ;    Classical  an- 
tiquities ;  Ethnology ;  Excavations  ;  His- 
tory ;   History,  ancient ;  Man ;  Manners 
and  customs  ;  Monuments  ;  Mythology ; 
Prehistoric    archaeology ;  Ruins. 

II 


Arc-Arc]  LIST    OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Archbishops      See  also  Bishops;  Christian 

biography. 

Refer  from    Bishops;     Catholic    church; 
Christian  biography;    Church  of  Eng- 
land; Episcopacy. 
Archery. 

Refer  from   Arrows  ;    Games  ;  Shooting ; 

Sports. 
Arches.       See     also    Arches     of    triumph ; 

Vaulting. 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Bridges;  Engi- 
neering ;    Masonry ;    Roofs ;    Vaulting ; 
Voussoir  arches. 
Arches  of  triumph. 

Refer  from  Arches  ;  Architecture  ;  Monu- 
ments ;  Triumphal  arches. 
Architects. 

Refer  from  Architecture ;  Artists ;  Biog- 
raphy. 
Architectural  drawing. 

Refer  from  Architecture ;  Drawing ; 
/  Mechanical  drawing. 
^Architecture.  See  also  Amphitheatres ; 
Archaeology ;  Arches ;  Arches  of  tri- 
umph ;  Architects ;  Architectural  draw- 
ing ;  Arts,  fine  ;  Baptisteries  ;  Barns ; 
Basilicas  ;  Baths  and  bathing ;  Bridges  ; 
Building  associations ;  Building  mate- 
rials ;  Carpentry ;  Castles  ;  Cathedrals ; 
Chimneys  ;  Christian  art ;  Church  archi- 
tecture ;  Cliff-dwellings ;  Columns  ;  Deco- 
ration and  ornament ;  Domes  ;  Doors ; 
Fences  ;  Floors  ;  Foundations  ;  Foun- 
tains ;  Gates;  Girders;  Gothic  architect- 
ure ;  Greenhouses ;  Handrailing ;  Hard- 
ware ;  Heating ;  Hospitals ;  Hotels ; 
House  painting ;  Lake-dwellings  ;  Libra- 
ries ;  Masonry  ;  Metal-work  ;  Obelisks ; 
Orders  (architectural)  ;  Palaces ;  Plas- 
tering ;  Plumbing ;  Pyramids ;  Roofs ; 
Sanitary  engineering ;  School-houses ; 
Sound ;  Spires ;  Stables ;  Stair-build- 
ing ;  Strength  of  materials ;  Temples ; 
Theatre;  Tombs;  Towers;  Trusses; 
Vaulting;  Ventilation;  Walls;  Win- 
dows. 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Arts,  fine; 
Arts,  useful ;  Building ;  Carpentry  ;  Dec- 
oration and  ornament ;  Engineering ; 
Rural  architecture;  Strength  of 
materials. 

[/Architecture,    domestic.      See  also    Apart- 
ment houses  ;  Cottages  ;  House  decora- 

12 


Arc-Arm]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

tion ;      House     painting ;      Tenement- 
houses. 

Refer  from  Cottages  ;   Domestic  architect- 
ure ;   Dwellings  ;   Houses  ;    Residences  ; 
Tenement-houses ;  Villas. 
Architecture,    military.       See    Fortification ; 

Military  architecture. 
Architecture,  naval.     See  Ship-building. 
r  . Arctic  regions.     See  also  Antarctic  regions ; 
North  pole  ;  Northeast  passage ;  North- 
west passage. 

Refer    from     Earth  ;    Geography ;     Ice ; 
North  pole ;  Northeast  passage  ;  North- 
west passage  ;  Polar  Regions ;   Voyages 
and  travels. 
Argonauts. 

Refer  from  Golden  fleece  ;  Mythology. 
Argot.     See  Slang. 
Arianism.     See  also  Socinianism ;     Trinity; 

Unitarianism. 

Refer    from      Church      history ;      Jesus 
Christ ;     Socinianism  ;    Trinity ;    Unita- 
/     rianism. 

^/Arithmetic.  See  also  Arithmetical  instru- 
ments ;  Bookkeeping ;  Decimal  system ; 
Interest;  Mensuration;  Metric  system; 
Numbers ;  Numerals. 

Refer  from  Accounts  ;  Mathematics  ;  Men- 
tal arithmetic;  Numbers  (theory    of); 
Weights  and  measures. 
Arithmetical  instruments.      See  also  Calcu- 
lating machines. 
Refer    from     Arithmetic;     Instruments; 

Mathematical    instruments. 
Armatures. 

Refer  from    Electric   engineering ;    Elec- 
tricity ;  Electromagnets. 
Arminianism. 

Refer  from  Predestination ;  Theology. 
Armor.     See  Arms  and  armor. 
Armored  vessels. 

Refer  from  Iron-clad  vessels ;    Naval  art 

and  science  ;  Ship-building ;  Ships. 
Arms,  coats  of.     See  Heraldry. 
Arms     and     armor.       See     also     Artillery ; 
Bayonet ;    Firearms  ;     Gun  ;    Gunnery ; 
Helmets ;     Ordnance ;     Pistol ;     Rifle  ; 
Sword. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Armor ;  Cos- 
tume ;  Firearms  ;  Heraldry ;  Military  art 
and  science  ;  Weapons.  ^ 

Army.      See  Military  art  and  science;  also  trrir**     ff^L.  (A 

names  of  countries. 


Arr-Art]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Arrest. 

Refer  from    Constables;    Criminal   law; 

Imprisonment ;    Law. 
Arrow-heads. 

Refer  from  Archaeology. 
Arrows.     See  Archery. 
Arsenals. 

Refer  from  Firearms ;   Military  architect- 
ure ;  Ordnance. 
Art.     See    also  Arts,    fine;    Arts,    useful; 

Esthetics. 

/    Refer  from  Esthetics. 
'Art  education. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Education. 
Art  galleries. 

Refer    from     Arts,     fine ;    Exhibitions ; 

Museums  ;    Paintings  ;    Pictures. 
Arteries.     See  also  Blood ;  Veins. 

Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Blood  ;  Veins. 
Artesian  wells.     See  also  Boring;  Wells. 
Refer  from  Boring ;  Hydraulic  engineer- 
ing; Water-supply;  Wells. 
Articles,  thirty-nine.      See  Church  of  Eng- 
land. 
Artificial  flowers.     See  also  Wax  flowers. 

Refer  from  Fancy  work ;  Flowers. 
Artillery.      See   also  Gunnery;    Military  art 
and  science  ;  Naval  artillery  ;  Ordnance ; 
Projectiles. 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor ;  Batteries  ; 
Firearms  ;  Gun  ;  Gunnery ;  Military  art 
and  science ;  Ordnance  ;  Tactics. 
Artistic  anatomy.     See  Anatomy  for  artists. 
Artists.       See    also    Anatomy    for    artists ; 
Architects ;       Engravers ;       Musicians ; 
Painters ;    Sculptors. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine ;  Biography ;  En- 
gravers ;  Painters ;  Painting ;  Sculp- 
tors. 

vArts,  fine.  See  also  Anatomy  for  artists ; 
Archaeology ;  Architecture ;  Art  educa- 
tion ;  Art  galleries  ;  Artists ;  Book  illus- 
tration ;  Brasses ;  Bric-a-brac ;  Bronzes  ; 
Caricature ;  Carving ;  Christian  art  and 
symbolism ;  Coins  and  medals ;  Cos- 
tume ;  Decoration  and  ornament ;  Draw- 
ing ;  Embroidery  ;  Enamel ;  Engraving ; 
Esthetics  ;  Etching ;  Exhibitions  ;  Fres- 
coes ;  Furniture  ;  Gems  ;  Glass  ;  Glass- 
painting  ;  Goldsmithing ;  House  decor- 
ation ;  Illumination  ;  Ironwork  ;  Jewelry ; 
Lace ;  Landscape  gardening ;  Leather 
work ;  Lithography ;  Metal-work  ;  Minia- 
ture painting ;  Mosaics  ;  Music ;  Needle- 


Art-Ass]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

work  ;  Painting ;  Photography ;  Portraits ; 
Pottery ;  Renaissance  ;  Sculpture  ;  Sil- 
houettes ;  Silversmithing ;  Symbolism  ; 
Tapestry. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Architecture ; 
Art ;  Book  illustration ;  Christian  art 
and  symbolism  ;  Composition  ;  Criticism  ; 
Decoration  and  ornament ;  Design  ;  En- 
graving ;  Esthetics  ;  Fine  arts  ;  Graphic 
arts ;  Painting ;  Sculpture. 
Arts,  useful.  See  also  Agriculture  ;  Architect- 
ure ;  Assaying ;  Blacksmithing ;  Book- 
binding ;  Brewing  ;  Bricks  ;  Bridges  ; 
Business  ;  Cabinet  work  ;  Calico-print- 
ing ;  Carpentry ;  Carving ;  Casting ; 
Chemistry ;  Commerce  ;  Cookery  ;  Dec- 
oration and  ornament ;  Distillation  ; 
Domestic  economy  ;  Dyeing ;  Electric 
engineering ;  Engineering  ;  Engraving  ; 
Exhibitions ;  Factories  ;  Fisheries ; 
Floriculture  ;  Furniture ;  Gardening ; 
Gilding;  Glass;  Horseshoeing;  In- 
ventions ;  Machinery ;  Manual  training ; 
Manufactures  ;  Masonry ;  Mechanics ; 
Medicine ;  Metal-work ;  Metals ;  Mills  ; 
Mines  and  mining ;  Navigation ;  Paint- 
ing, mechanical ;  Patents  ;  Photography ; 
Plumbing ;  Pottery ;  Printing ;  Receipts ; 
Ship-building ;  Surveying ;  Tanning ; 
Tapestry ;  Technical  education  ;  Tele- 
graph ;  Textile  fabrics;  Timekeepers; 
Tools;  Turning;  Upholstery;  Weav- 
ing ;  Woodwork. 

Refer  from  Art ;  Chemistry ;  Discoveries 
(in  science)  ;  Domestic  economy ;  En- 
gineering; Industrial  arts;  Manufact- 
ures ;  Mechanic  arts ;  Science ;  Tech- 
nology ;  Useful  arts. 
Aryans. 

Refer  from  Ethnology ;   Mythology ;   Re- 
ligions. 

Asceticism.       See    also   Fasting ;     Hermits ; 
Monasticism. 

Refer  from  Church  polity ;  Fasting ;   Her- 
mits ;  Monasticism ;  Theology. 
Ash  Wednesday.     See  also  Lent. 

Refer  from  Fasts  and  feasts  ;   Lent. 
Assassination.     See  also  Murder. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law ;  Murder. 
Assault. 

Refer  from  Criminal  Law ;  Law. 
Assaying.     See  also  Blowpipe  ;   Metals. 

Refer    from     Analysis;      Arts,     useful; 


Ass-Asy]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Blowpipe ;     Chemistry ;     Metals ;    Min- 
eralogy. 

Assessment.     See  Taxation. 
Assignments.     See  also  Bankruptcy. 

Refer  from  Bankruptcy;  Commercial  law; 

Contracts  ;  Debt ;   Law. 
Association.     See  Cooperation. 
Associations.      See    Corporations ;    Guilds ; 

Societies;  Trade-unions. 
Assurance.     See  Insurance. 
Asteroids. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;    Planets  ;    Solar 

system ;   Stars. 
Asthma. 

Refer  from  Breathing;   Medicine,  practice 

of. 
Astrology. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;    Fortune-telling : 
Hermetic  art ;  Occult  sciences  ;  Omens  ; 
Planets  ;   Stars  ;   Superstition. 
Astronomers. 

Refer    from      Astronomy ;       Biography ; 

Scientists. 

Astronomical    instruments.     See   also    Tele- 
scope. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Instruments ; 
Optical  instruments ;  Philosophical  in- 
struments. 

Astronomical  photography. 
,  Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Photography, 
v  Astronomy.  See  also  Almanacs  ;  Asteroids  ; 
Astrology ;  Astronomers  ;  Astronomical 
instruments ;  Astronomical  photog- 
raphy ;  Chronology ;  Comets ;  Earth  ; 
Eclipses  ;  Equinoxes  ;  Globes  ;  Gravi- 
tation ;  Latitude  ;  Longitude  ;  Meteors  ; 
Moon  ;  Nautical  almanacs  ;  Nautical  as- 
tronomy ;  Navigation ;  Nebulae ;  Pen- 
dulum ;  Planets  [and  their  names]  ;  Plu- 
rality of  worlds  ;  Seasons  ;  Solar  system  ; 
Space  ;  Spectrum  ;  Stars  ;  Sun  ;  Tele- 
scope ;  Tides  ;  Time  ;  Transits  ;  Uni- 
verse ;  Zodiac  ;  Zodiacal  light. 
Refer  from  Atlases  ;  Constellations  ;  Earth  ; 
Eclipses  ;  Globes  ;  Gravitation  ;  Heav- 
ens ;  Mathematics  ;  Physics  ;  Planets  ; 
Science  ;  Sky  ;  Solar  system  ;  Stars  ; 
Time ;  Universe. 
Asylum,  right  of. 

Refer  from  Law  ;  Sanctuary. 
Asylums.     See  also  Hospitals  ;  Insane  hos- 
pitals. 
Refer  from  Charities  ;  Hospitals  ;  Medicine. 

16 


Ath-Aut]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Athanasian  creed. 

Refer  from  Church  of  England  ;  Creeds  ; 

Trinity. 

Atheism.  See  also  Agnoticism ;  Deism ; 
God ;  Materialism  ;  Natural  religion  ; 
Skepticism ;  Theism. 

Refer  from  Agnosticism  ;    Deism  ;    God  ; 
Natural  religion  ;  Philosophy  ;  Religion  ; 
Skepticism  ;  Theism  ;  Theology. 
Athletics.     See  Gymnastics  ;  Physical  educa- 
tion ;  Sports. 
Atlases.     See  also  Astronomy  ;  Geography  ; 

Historical  atlases  ;  Maps. 
Refer  from  Geography  ;  Maps. 
Atmosphere.     See  Air  ;  Meteorology. 
Atoms.       See  also    Chemistry ;     Molecules ; 

Physics. 
Refer  from  Chemistry  ;  Matter  ;  Molecules  ; 

Physics. 
Atonement.     See  also  Jesus  Christ. 

Refer  from      Jesus     Christ ;     Sacrifice ; 

Theology. 
Attachment. 

Refer  from  Commercial  law;  Law. 
Attorneys.     See  also  Agents. 
Refer  from  Agents  ;  Law. 
Auctions. 

Refer  from  Business  ;  Commerce  ;  Sale. 
Augury.     See  Divination. 
Auricular  confession.     See  Confession. 
Aurora. 

Refer  from  Meteorology ;  Northern  lights. 
Authors.     See  also  Anonyms  ;    Authorship ; 
Bibliography;    Copyright;    Dramatists; 
Historians ;        Literature ;       Musicians ; 
Naturalists;     Novelists;     Poets;     Pseu- 
donyms ;  Scientists. 
Refer  from    Biography ;     Literary    men ; 

Literature ;  Writers. 

Authorship.  See  also  Journalism ;  Versifi- 
cation. 

Refer  from  Authors  ;  Journalism  ;  Litera- 
ture ;  Writing. 
Autographs. 

Refer    from     Biography;     Handwriting; 

Signatures. 
Autopsy. 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Death;  Dissection; 
Medical       jurisprudence ;        Medicine ; 
Pathology;  Post-mortem  examinations; 
Surgery. 
Autumn. 

Refer  from  Fall ;  Seasons. 

17 


Aut-Ban]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Autumnal  catarrh.     See  Hay-fever. 
Avalanches. 

Refer  from  Mountains ;  Snow. 
Avesta.     See  also  Parsees. 

Refer  from  Parsees. 
Awards. 

Refer  from  Law. 
Axioms. 

Refer    from     Geometry ;     Mathematics ; 

Philosophy;  Truth. 
Backgammon. 

Refer  from  Games. 
yBacteria.     See    also     Fermentation ;    Germ 

theory. 

Refer  from  Botany ;  Contagion  ;  Fermen- 
tation ;  Fungi ;  Germ  theory ;  Medicine  ; 
Microbes  ;  Parasites  ;  Pathology. 
Bail. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law ;  Law. 
Bailments. 

Refer  from  Contracts;    Guaranties    and 

sureties ;  Law. 
Baking.     See  also  Bread ;  Cookery. 

Refer  from  Cookery. 
Baldness.     See  also  Hair. 

Refer  from  Hair;  Head. 
Ball.     See  Baseball ;  Cricket ;  Football. 
/Ballads.     See  also  Chap-books  ;  Folk-songs ; 
Legends  ;  Lyric  poetry ;  Poetry  ;  Songs ; 
also  English,  etc.,  ballads. 
Refer  from  Carols  ;    Chap-books  ;    Folk- 
songs ;      Legends;     Literature;     Lyric 
poetry;  Poetry;   Songs. 
Ballet. 

Refer    from      Amusements;      Dancing; 

Theatre. 

Ballistics.     See  Projectiles. 
Balloons.     See  Aerial  navigation. 
Ballot.     See  also  Election ;  Suffrage. 

Refer  from  Election  ;    Political    science ; 

Suffrage;  Voting. 

Balls   (parties).      See  also  Dancing;    Mas- 
querades. 
Refer    from      Amusements;      Dancing; 

Parties. 

Banditti.     See  Brigands. 
Bank  notes.     See  also   Counterfeits;    Paper 

money. 

Refer  from  Banks;  Counterfeits;  Engrav- 
ing ;  Money  ;  Paper  money. 
Bankers. 

Refer  from  Banks  ;  Biography. 
Banking.     See  Banks  and  Banking. 

18 


Ban-Bas]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Bankruptcy.     See  also  Assignments  ;  Debt ; 

Receivers. 

Refer    from     Assignments ;    Commerce ; 
Commercial  law  ;   Corporations  ;  Debt ; 
^    Insolvency ;  Law. 

l^Banks  and  banking.  See  also  Bank  notes ; 
Bankers  ;  Building  associations  ;  Credit ; 
Exchange  ;  Finance  ;  Interest ;  Money  ; 
Pawnbrokfag ;  Savings-banks ;  Stock 
exchange  ;  Stocks. 

Refer  from  Banking  ;  Bills  of  credit ;  Bills 
of  exchange  ;  Bimetallism  ;  Commerce  ; 
Credit ;  Economics  ;  Finance  ;  Invest- 
ments ;  Money  ;  National  banks  ;  Paper 
money  ;  Stock  exchange  ;  Wealth. 
Banners.  See  Flags. 

Baptism.     See   also   Baptismal    fonts ;    Bap- 
tisteries ;  Baptists  ;  Close   communion  ; 
Regeneration  ;  Sacraments. 
Refer  from  Baptists  ;  Church  antiquities  ; 
Church    membership ;    Church    polity ; 
Regeneration  ;    Rites    and  ceremonies  ; 
Sacraments  ;  Theology. 
Baptismal  fonts. 
Refer  from   Baptism ;  Church   furniture ; 

Fonts. 
Baptisteries. 

Refer     from      Architecture ;       Baptism ; 

Church  architecture. 

Baptists.     See   also   Baptism ;     Close    com- 
munion. 

Refer  from  Anabaptists  ;  Baptism  ;  Close 
communion  ;  Congregationalism  ;  Sects. 
Bar.     See  Lawyers. 
Bards.     See   also   Minnesingers  ;  Minstrels  ; 

Troubadours ;  Trouveres. 
Refer  from  Minstrels ;  Poetry. 
Bark. 

Refer  from  Botany ;  Trees. 
Barns.     See  also  Stables. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Architecture ;  Cat- 
tle ;  Domestic  animals  ;  Horse  ;  Stables. 
Barometer.     See  also  Aneroid  barometer. 
Refer    from    Air;     Aneroid     barometer; 

Meteorology ;  Physics  ;   Surveying. 
Baronage.     See  Peerage. 
Baronetage.     See  Peerage. 
Barrows.     See  Mounds. 

^  Baseball. ^ 

/     Refer  from  Ball ;  Games;   Sports. 
Basilicas.     See  also  Church  architecture. 
Refer  from  Architecture;    Church    archi- 
tecture. 

19 


Bas-Behl  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Bas-relief.     See  also  Carving ;  Sculpture. 
Refer    from    Carving;     Decoration     and 

ornament ;  Sculpture. 
Baths     and     bathing.       See    also    Diving; 

Hydropathy;   Swimming. 
Refer  from    Archaeology;    Architecture; 
Cleanliness ;  Hydropathy ;  Hygiene  ;  Sea 
bathing ;  Seashore  ;  Sports  ;  Swimming ; 
Therapeutics;  Toilet;  Water. 
Batrachia. 

Refer  from  Amphibia ;    Reptiles ;  Verte- 
brates ;  Zoology. 
Batteries.     See  Artillery ;  Electric  batteries  ; 

Storage  batteries. 

Battle,  wager  of.     See  Wager  of  battle. 
Battles.     See  also  Massacres  ;    Sieges  ;    also 
names  of  battles,    countries,    generals, 
wars,  etc. 

Refer  from    History ;     Military    art    and 
science  ;  Military  history ;  Naval  history ; 
Sieges ;  War. 
Bayonet. 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;   Gun;  Mili- 
tary art  and  science. 
Beaches.     See  also  Seashore. 

Refer  from    Physical    geography ;     Sea- 
shore. 
Beacons.     See  also  Lighthouses. 

Refer  from  Life-saving;  Navigation. 
Beads.     See  also  Rosary. 

Refer  from  Jewelry. 
Beasts.     See  Bestiaries  ;   Domestic  animals  ; 

Zoology. 
Beatitudes.     See  also  Bible  ;   Sermon  on  the 

Mount. 

Refer  from  Bible  ;   Sermon  on  the  Mount. 
Beautiful,  the.     See  Esthetics. 
Beauty,     personal.       See    also    Cosmetics ; 

Costume. 

Refer  from  Woman. 
Beds. 

Refer  from  Furniture. 
Beer.     See  also  Ale  ;   Brewing. 

Refer  from  Ale  ;  Brewing ;  Liquors  ;  Malt ; 

Temperance. 
x/Bees.     See  also  Wax. 

Refer    from      Agriculture ;      Apiculture ; 

Honey;   Insects. 
Beetles. 

Refer  from  Coleoptera;   Insects. 
Begging.     See  also  Charity ;  Poor. 

Refer  from  Mendicity ;  Poor. 
Behavior.     See  Etiquette. 


Bei-Bib]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Being. 

Refer  from  Ontology ;  Philosophy. 
Belief.     See  also  Certainty ;  Creeds  ;  Faith  ; 

Religions  ;   Sects  ;  Truth. 
Refer  from  Certainty  ;   Doubt;  Faith  ;  In- 
tellect ;    Philosophy ;    Psychology ;    Re- 
ligion ;  Theology ;  Truth. 
Belles-lettres.     See  Literature. 
Bells.     See  also  Electric  bells. 

Refer    from      Archaeology ;       Chiming ; 

Church  antiquities. 
Belting. 

Refer  from  Machinery. 
Benedictines. 

Refer  from  Monasticism. 
Benefit  of  clergy. 

Refer  from  Church  law;     Church    polity; 

Clergy;  Law. 

Benefit  societies.     See  Friendly  societies. 
Benevolence.     See  Charity ;  Poor. 
Benevolent  societies.     See  Charitable  socie- 

ties. 
Bestiaries. 

Refer  from  Animals,  legends  and  stories 

of;   Beasts;   Literature. 

Betting.     See  also  Gambling ;   Probabilities. 
Refer  from  Gambling ;   Sports  ;  Wagers. 
Beverages.     See  also  Coffee  ;  Food  ;   Liquors 
[and  names  of  liquors]  ;   Milk ;   Stimu- 
lants and  narcotics  ;  Tea ;  Temperance  ; 
Water. 

Refer  from  Diet ;   Drinks  ;  Food ;  Manu- 
factures ;     Stimulants     and     narcotics ; 
Temperance. 
Bezique. 

^  Refer  from  Cards. 

Bible.  See  also  Angels ;  Apocryphal  gos- 
pels ;  Apostles  ;  Beatitudes ;  Christianity ; 
Church  history  ;  Commandments,  ten ; 
Creation  ;  Deluge  ;  Fall  of  man  ;  God  ; 
Jesus  Christ ;  Jews ;  Lord's  prayer ; 
Miracles  ;  Parables  ;  Patriarchs  ;  Prophe- 
cies ;  Prophets  ;  Religion  and  science  ; 
Revelation ;  Saints ;  Sermon  on  the 
Mount ;  Talmud  ;  Theology. 
[See  appendix  for  a  scheme  of  subdivision 

of  this  heading.] 

Refer  from  Apocalypse ;  Apocrypha ; 
Apostles  ;  Archaeology ;  Beatitudes ; 
Christianity ;  Church  history ;  Com- 
meptaries ;  Concordance ;  Creation  ;  Del- 
uge, the ;  Evangelists ;  Evidences  of 
the  Bible  ;  God  ;  Hermeneutics  ;  Jesus 

21 


Bib-BloJ  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Christ ;  Jews  ;  Parables  ;  Prophecies  ; 
Prophets  ;  Psalmody  ;  Religion  ;  Reve- 
lation ;  Sacred  history ;  Scriptures ; 
Theology ;  also  from  names  of  books 
and  other  divisions  of  the  Bible.  [It  is 
better  to  enter  all  such  here.] 

Bible  classes.     See  also  Sunday  schools. 
Refer  from  Religious   education ;    Sunday 
schools. 

Bible  in  the  schools. 

Refer  from   Education  ;    Public  schools  ; 
Religious  education. 

Bible  societies. 

/  Refer  from  Societies. 

VBibliography.  See  also  Anonyms ;  Book 
collecting :  Bookbinding  ;  Bookplates  ; 
Books  and  reading  ;  Cataloging  ;  Classi- 
fication ;  Indexes  ;  Indexing  ;  Libraries  : 
Library  catalogs ;  Literature ;  Manu- 
scripts ;  Pseudonyms ;  also,  names  of 
literatures  as  English,  American,  etc. ; 
also,  names  of  persons,  places,  and  sub- 
jects for  lists  of  books  relating  to  them. 
Refer  from  Authors  ;  Books  and  reading; 
Catalogs  ;  Libraries  ;  Library  catalogs  ; 
Literary  history ;  Literature. 

Bibliomania.     See  Book  collecting. 

Bicycling.     See  Cycling. 

Bilious  fever.     See  also  Liver. 
Refer  from  Fever ;  Liver. 

Billiards. 

Refer  from  Games. 

Bills  of  credit.  See  Banks  and  banking ; 
Credit ;  Money ;  Paper  money. 

Bills  of  exchange.  See  Banks  and  banking  ; 
Credit ;  Exchange ;  Money ;  Paper 
money. 

Bimetallism.       See   also    Banks ;     Finance ; 

Free  coinage  ;  Gold ;  Money  ;  Silver. 
Refer  from  Finance  ;  Free  coinage  ;  Gold  ; 
Money ;  Silver. 

Binding.  See  Bookbinding. 
%/Biography.  See  also  Abolitionists  ;  Actors  ; 
Actresses  ;  Admirals  ;  American  loyalists  ; 
Anecdotes  ;  Apothecaries  ;  Architects  ; 
Artists  ;  Astronomers  ;  Authors  ;  Auto- 
graphs ;  Bankers  ;  Bishops  ;  Booksellers  ; 
Botanists  ;  Brigands  ;  Cardinals  ;  Chan- 
cellors ;  Chief  justices ;  Christian  biog- 
raphy;  Classical  biography;  Contemp- 
oraries ;  Criminals  ;  Dramatists  ;  Elec- 
tricians ;  Emperors ;  Engineers ;  En- 
gravers ;  Epitaphs  ;  Explorers  ;  Fathers 


Bio-Bla]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

of  the  church  ;  Genealogy  ;  Generals  ; 
Governors  ;  Heraldry  ;  Heroes ;  Hist- 
orians ;  History  ;  Judges  ;  Justices  of  the 
peace  ;  Kings  ;  Lawyers  ;  Librarians  ; 
Mechanics  ;  Merchants  ;  Military  biog- 
raphy ;  Ministers  ;  Missionaries  ;  Musi- 
cians ;  Naturalists  ;  Naval  biography ; 
Orators  ;  Painters  ;  Patriarchs  ;  Peerage  ; 
Philanthropists ;  Philosophers ;  Physi- 
cians ;  Pilgrim  fathers  ;  Poets  ;  Portraits  ; 
Presidents  ;  Prime  ministers  ;  Prophets  ; 
Queens  ;  Reformers  ;  Saints  ;  Scientists  ; 
Sculptors  ;  Shoemakers  ;  Singers  ;  Sol- 
diers ;  Statesmen  ;  Surgeons  ;  Table-talk  ; 
Teachers  ;  Travelers  ;  Woman. 
Refer  from  Genealogy  ;  History  ;  Lives  ; 
/  Memoirs. 

VBiology.  See  also  Anatomy  ;  Botany  ;  Cells  ; 
Death  ;  Embryology  ;  Evolution  ;  Hered- 
ity ;  Hygiene ;  Longevity ;  Natural 
history ;  Physiology  ;  Protoplasm  ;  Sex ; 
Species ;  Zoology. 

Refer  from  Botany ;  Cells  ;  Death  ;  Embry- 
ology ;  Evolution ;  Heredity ;  Life  ;  Natural 
history ;  Philosophy  ;  Physiology ;  Proto- 
plasm ;  Psychology ;  Science  ;  Zoology. 
Bioplasm.     See  Protoplasm. 
l/Birds.     See  also  Animal   locomotion ;  Cage 
birds  ;  Eggs  ;  Falconry  ;  Flight ;  Game  ; 
Nests  ;    Pigeons  ;    Poultry ;    Taxidermy ; 
Wings. 

Refer  from    Animal    locomotion ;    Eggs ; 
Flight ;    Nests  ;    Oology  ;    Ornithology ; 
Vertebrates ;  Zoology. 
Birthday  books. 

Refer  from  Birthdays  ;  Days. 
Birthdays.     See  also  Birthday  books. 

Refer  from  Days. 
Bishops.      See    also    Apostolic    succession ; 

Archbishops ;  Episcopacy  ;  Ordination. 
Refer  from  Apostolic   succession ;    Arch- 
bishops ;    Biography ;    Catholic  church  ; 
Christian  biography ;    Church   of  Eng- 
land ;  Episcopacy ;  Protestant  episcopal 
church  in  the  U.  S. 
Black  art.     See  Witchcraft. 
Black  death. 

Refer  from  Contagion ;  Epidemics  ;  Medi- 
cine, practice  of. 
Blacksmithing.       See     also     Horseshoeing ; 

Ironwork. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;    Horseshoeing ; 
Ironwork. 

23 


Bla-Boo]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Blasting.     See  also  Explosives  ;  Quarrying. 
Refer    from     Engineering ;     Explosives ; 
Mines  and   mining ;  Quarrying ;  Stone  ; 
Tunnels. 

Bleaching.     See  also  Cleaning ;  Dyeing. 
Refer  from   Cleaning ;    Dyeing ;    Textile 

fabrics. 

Bleeding.     See  Bloodletting. 
I/ Blind.     See  also  Color-blindness. 

Refer    from     Education ;     Eye ;     Light ; 

Senses;  Sight. 

Block-books.     See  also  Printing. 
Refer  from  Books  and  reading ;  Printing ; 

Xylography. 
Blockade.       See     also     International      law ; 

Neutrality. 
Refer  from   International  law ;  Naval  art 

and  science ;  Neutrality. 
Blood.      See    also     Arteries ;    Bloodletting ; 

Heart ;  Hemorrhage ;   Veins. 
Refer  from  Arteries ;    Circulation  of  the 
blood  ;  Heart ;  Pathology ;  Physiology. 
Bloodletting.     See  also  Cupping. 
Refer  from   Bleeding ;    Blood  ;  Cupping ; 

Surgery ;  Therapeutics ;  Venesection. 
Blowpipe.      See  also  Assaying ;  Chemistry ; 

Mineralogy. 

Refer  front  Analysis ;    Assaying ;    Chem- 
istry ;  Metals ;  Mineralogy. 
Blunders. 

Refer  from  Delusions  ;  Errors ;  Mistakes. 
Boating.      See    also   Canoeing ;    Life-boats ; 
Navigation ;  Rowing ;  Sailing ;  Yachting. 
Refer  from  Navigation ;  Rowing ;  Sailing ; 
Ship-building ;  Ships ;  Sports  ;  Yachting. 
Body,  human.     See  Anatomy ;  Physiology. 
Body  and  mind.     See  Mind  and  body. 
Boilers.      See    also    Fuel ;    Steam ;    Steam- 
engine  ;  Steam  navigation. 
Refer  from   Explosives ;    Steam  ;    Steam- 
boilers  ;  Steam-engine. 
Bonds.     See    also    Corporations ;    Finance ; 

Investments ;  Stocks. 

Refer  from  Corporations  ;  Finance ;  Guar- 
anties and   sureties  ;   Investments  ;  Ne- 
gotiable instruments  ;  Securities  ;  Stocks. 
Bones.      See    also     Dislocation ;     Fracture ; 

Joints ;  Skull. 

Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Osteology ;  Skele- 
ton ;  Surgery. 
Book  clubs. 
Refer  from  Clubs  ;  Libraries. 

24 


Boo-Bot]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Book  collecting. 
Refer  from   Bibliography;    Bibliomania', 

Libraries. 

^Book  illustration.  See  also  Arts,  fine ;  En- 
graving ;  Illumination ;  Photo-engraving, 
etc. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Books  and  reading ; 
Decoration  and  ornament ;  Engraving ; 
Illustration  of  books. 
Book  of  fate.     See  Fortune-tellers. 
V  Bookbinding.     See  also  Marbling. 

Refer  from    Arts,  useful ;    Bibliography ; 
Binding ;  Books  and  reading  ;  Libraries. 
'/Bookkeeping. 

Refer  from  Accounts ;  Arithmetic ;  Busi- 
ness; Business  education ;  Commerce. 
Bookplates. 

Refer  from  Bibliography ;  Ex  libris. 
v  Books  and  reading.     See  also  Bibliography ; 
Block-books  ;  Book    illustration  ;   Book- 
binding ;    Cataloging ;    Chained  books  ; 
Children's      literature ;      Classification ; 
Copyright ;      Illumination  ;       Libraries ; 
Library     catalogs ;     Literature ;    Manu- 
scripts ;    Printing ;    Prohibited     books ; 
Text-books;  Writing. 
Refer    from      Bibliography;      Libraries; 

Literature ;  Reading. 
Booksellers. 

Refer  from  Biography ;  Publishers. 
Bookselling.     See  also  Copyright ;  Printing. 
Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Literature  ;  Pub- 
lishing. 

Boots.     See  Shoes. 
Boring.     See  also  Artesian  wells. 
Refer  from  Artesian  wells  ;  Engineering ; 

Wells. 
Boroughs.     See  also  Cities;  Representation; 

Towns. 
Refer  from   Cities ;    Local    government ; 

Representation ;  Towns. 
Botanical  chemistry. 

Refer  from  Botany ;  Chemistry. 
Botanical  gardens. 

Refer  from  Botany ;  Gardens. 
Botanical  museums. 

Refer  from  Museums. 
Botanical  societies. 

Refer  from  Societies. 
Botanists. 

y»  Refer  from  Biography ;  Botany ;  Scientists. 

y. Botany.       See    also     Agricultural     botany ; 

Agriculture;     Algae;      Alpine     plants; 

35 


Bot-Bra]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Bacteria;  Bark;  Biology;  Botanical; 
Botanists ;  Buds  ;  Cells  ;  Climbing  plants ; 
Color  of  flowers ;  Cryptogams ;  Evolu- 
tion ;  Ferns ;  Fertilization  of  plants ; 
Floriculture  ;  Flowers  ;  Forestry  ;  Fruit ; 
Fungi ;  Gardening ;  Geographical  dis- 
tribution ;  Grass  ;  Insectivorous  plants ; 
Leaves;  Lichens;  Medical  botany;  Mi- 
croscope ;  Mosses  ;  Natural  history  ;  Or- 
chids ;  Paleontology ;  Parasites ;  Phan- 
erogams ;  Phosphorescence  ;  Seedlings  ; 
Seeds  ;  Shrubs  ;  Trees ;  Vegetables  ; 
Weeds. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Biology  ;  Flora ; 
Flowers ;  Gardening ;  Natural  history ; 
Phanerogams  ;  Plants  ;  Science  ;  Shrubs  ; 
Trees ;  Vegetables. 

Boulders.     See  also  Glaciers  ;  Moraines. 
Refer  from  Erratics ;  Geology ;   Glaciers ; 

Moraines. 

Boundaries.     See  also  Northeast  boundary ; 
Northwest    boundary ;    also    names    of 
countries  and  states. 
Refer  from  Geography ;  History. 
Bowling. 

Refer  from  Games  ;  Sports. 
Boxing. 

Refer  from  Fighting ;  Pugilism  ;  Sparring ; 
s       Sports. 
Boys.      See    also    Apprentices ;     Children ; 

Young  men. 
Refer  from    Children ;    Conduct  of   life ; 

Young  men ;  Young  people. 
Bracelets. 

Refer  from  Costume ;  Jewelry. 
Brahmanism.    See  also  Buddhism  ;  Hinduism. 
Refer  from    Buddhism ;    Hinduism ;    Re- 
/      ligions. 

VBrain.  See  also  Apoplexy ;  Dreams  ;  Idiocy ; 
Insanity;  Intellect;  Mind  and  body; 
Nervous  system  ;  Paralysis  ;  Phrenology ; 
Psychology. 

Refer  from  Anatomy;    Head;   Insanity; 
Intellect ;    Mental  diseases ;   Mind   and 
body ;    Nervous    system ;     Philosophy ; 
Physiology ;  Psychology ;  Skull. 
Brandy.    See  also  Distillation. 

Refer  from  Distillation  ;  Liquors. 
Brass.    See  also  Brasses  ;  Bronze. 

Refer  from  Metals. 
Brasses. 
Refer   from    Archaeology ;    Arts,     fine ; 

26 


Bra-Bro]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Brass  ;    Epitaphs ;    Metal-work ;    Monu- 
ments ;  Tombs. 
Bread.     See  also  Cookery  ;  Flour. 

Refer  from  Baking ;  Cookery  ;  Food. 
Breadstuff's.     See  Grain. 
Breakwaters. 

Refer  from  Engineering ;  Harbors. 
Breast. 

Refer  from  Anatomy  ;  Chest. 
Breathing.      See  also    Asthma  ;  Bronchitis  ; 
Catarrh  ;    Chest ;  Consumption  ;  Croup ; 
Influenza  ;  Lungs  ;  Nose  ;  Throat ;  Voice. 
Refer  from    Lungs ;    Physiology ;    Respi- 
ration ;  Throat. 

Breeding.     See  Domestic  animals. 
Brewing.     See  also  Beer ;  Distillation. 
Refer  from   Alcohol ;   Ale  ;    Arts,  useful ; 
Beer ;  Distillation ;  Domestic  economy ; 
Liquors ;  Malt. 

Bric-a-brac.     See  also  Decoration  ;  Pottery. 
Refer  from    Arts,    fine ;    Decoration    and 

ornament ;  House  decoration  ;  Pottery. 
Bricks.     See  also  Masonry ;  Tiles. 
Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Building   mater- 
ials ;  Manufactures  ;  Masonry ;  Tiles. 
Bridges.     See  also  Arches  ;  Cables  ;  Girders  ; 
Masonry  ;  Strength  of  materials  ;  Trusses. 
Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Arts,  useful ;  En- 
gineering ;  Girders  ;    Masonry ;   Military 
engineering ;     Railroads ;     Strength     of 
materials  ;  Trusses ;  Viaducts. 
Brigands.     See  also  Highwaymen  ;  Robbers. 
Refer  from   Banditti ;  Biography  ;  Crime  ; 

Highwaymen ;  Robbers. 
Brokers.     See  Agents  ;  Stock  exchange. 
Bronchitis.     See  also  Throat. 
Refer  from   Breathing ;    Cold    (disease)  ; 

Cough  ;  Medicine,  practice  of;  Throat. 
Bronze. 

Refer  from  Brass  ;  Metals. 
Bronze  age. 

Refer  from  Archaeology. 
Bronzes. 
Refer    from    Archaeology ;      Arts,    fine ; 

Metal-work ;  Sculpture. 
Bronzing. 

Refer  from  Decoration  and  ornament. 
Brotherhoods.     See  also  Monasticism. 
Refer    from    Charities ;     Church     polity ; 

Monasticism ;  Religious  orders. 
Brownists.     See  also  Congregationalism. 
Refer  from    Congregationalism ;    Dissen- 
ters; Sects. 

27 


Bru-Bur]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Bruises. 

Refer  from  Accidents  ;  Contusions. 
Brutes.     See  Animals,  treatment  of;  Zoology. 
Bryology.     See  Mosses. 
Buccaneers.     See  also  Pirates. 
Refer  from    Filibusters;    Naval    history; 

Pirates. 

Bucolic  poetry.    See  Pastoral  poetry. 
Buddha.     See  Buddhism. 
Buddhism.    See  also  Brahmanism ;    Hindu- 
ism. 

Refer  from  Brahmanism  ;  Buddha  ;  Hindu- 
ism ;  Monasticism ;  Religions. 
Buddhism,  esoteric.    See  Theosophy. 
Buds. 

Refer  from  Botany  ;  Flowers. 
^Building.       See     Architecture;     Carpentry; 

Engineering ;  Masonry. 
Building  associations. 

Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Banks  ;  Friendly 
societies ;      Cooperation ;       Cooperative 
building      associations ;       Investments ; 
Loan  associations ;  Savings-banks. 
Building  materials.    See  also  Bricks  ;  Cement ; 
Iron  ;     Stone  ;     Strength   of   materials ; 
Terra-cotta;  Timber;  Wood. 
Refer  from    Architecture  ;    Engineering ; 

Strength  of  materials. 
Bulbs. 

Refer  from  Floriculture. 
Bull  fights. 

Refer  from  Fighting ;  Sports. 
Bullion.     See  Money. 
Burglary. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law.. 
Burial.  See  also  Burial  service  ;  Catacombs  ; 
Cemeteries  ;  Coffins  ;  Cremation  ;  Em- 
balming ;  Epitaphs ;  Funerals ;  Monu- 
ments ;  Mounds ;  Mummies ;  Tombs ; 
Urns. 

Refer      from       Archaeology ;        Burying 
grounds  ;  Cemeteries  ;  Death  ;  Funerals ; 
Hygiene,   public;    Interment;    Manners 
and  customs  ;  Sculpture  ;  Tombs. 
Burial  service. 

Refer  from  Burial ;  Church  Music ; 
Funerals ;  Liturgies ;  Rites  and  cere- 
monies. 

Burning  the  dead.     See  Cremation. 
Burns  and  scalds. 

Refer  from  Accidents  ;  Scalds. 
Burying  grounds.     See  Burial ;   Cemeteries. 

28 


Bus-Cam] 


LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 


Business.  See  also  Advertising;  Auctions; 
Bookkeeping ;  Commerce  ;  Commercial 
law ;  Commercial  travelers ;  Credit ; 
Economics  ;  Exchange  ;  Finance  ;  Man- 
ufactures ;  Merchants  ;  Money  ;  Stock 
exchange ;  Success. 

Refer   from    Arts,    useful ;     Commerce ; 
Merchants  ;    Money ;    Success  ;    Trade  ; 
Wealth. 
Business  education.     See  also  Bookkeeping ; 

Commercial  correspondence. 
Refer  from  Commercial  education  ;  Educa- 
tion. 
Butter. 
Refer  from    Agriculture  ;    Cattle ;    Cow ; 

Dairy ;  Food  ;  Milk. 
VButterflies.    See  also  Caterpillars  ;  Lepidop- 

tera. 

Refer  from  Insects  ;  Lepidoptera. 
^  Cabinet  work.     See  also  Decoration  and  orna- 
ment ;  Furniture ;  Turning. 
Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Carpentry  ;  Dec- 
oration and  ornament ;  Furniture  ;  Wood- 
work. 
Cables.     See    also    Chains ;    Electric  wires ; 

Rope  ;  Telegraph  ;  Wire. 
Refer  from  Bridges  ;  Manufactures  ;  Rope  ; 

Wire. 
Cage  birds. 

Refer  from  Birds  ;  Domestic  animals. 
Calculating  machines. 

Refer    from     Arithmetical     instruments ; 
Mathematical  instruments ;  Mathematics. 
Calculus  (mathematics). 

Refer  from  Analysis,  mathematical ;  Flux- 
ions ;  Mathematics. 

Calendar.     See  also  Chronology  ;  Year. 
Refer  from  Chronology  ;  Time ;  Year. 
Calendars    [containing    readings    for    every 

day] .    See  also  Almanacs  ;  Year-books. 
Refer  from  Year-books. 
Calico-printing. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful;   Dyeing;  Print- 
ing ;  Textile  fabrics. 
Calisthenics.     See  Gymnastics. 
Caloric.     See  Heat. 

Calvinism.     See  also  Antinomianism  ;    Con- 
gregationalism ;  Orthodoxy ;  Predestina- 
tion ;  Presbyterianism. 
Refer  from    Orthodoxy;    Predestination; 

Presbyterianism ;  Theology. 
Cambistry.      See    Exchange ;   Weights    and 
measures. 


Cam-Car]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

^Cameos.     See  also  Gems. 

Refer  from  Carving  (wood,  etc.);  Gems; 

Jewelry. 
Camera.     See  also  Photography. 

Refer  from  Photography. 
Camp-meetings. 

Refer  from  Revivals. 
Camping.     See  also  Tents. 
Refer  from   Amusements  ;    Country  life  ; 

Outdoor  life;  Sports;  Tents. 
Camps  (military). 

Refer  from  Military  art  and  science. 
Canals.     See  also  Aqueducts ;  Hydraulic  en- 
gineering ;  Irrigation. 
Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Engineering ;  Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Inland  navigation; 
Irrigation ;     Locomotion  ;     Navigation  ; 
Transportation ;  Water-supply. 
Cancer. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of;  Tumors. 
Candles. 

Refer  from  Lighting ;  Manufactures. 
Candlesticks. 

Refer  from  Furniture  ;  House  decoration. 
Candy.     See  Confectionery. 
Cannibalism. 

Refer    from    Animal    food ;    Ethnology ; 

Food ;  Man ;  Manners  and  customs. 
Cannon.     See  Ordnance. 
Canoeing. 

Refer  from  Boating ;    Locomotion ;   Navi- 
gation; Sailing;  Sports. 
Canon  law.     See  Church  law. 
Canonization.     See  also  Saints. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church ;  Church  his- 
tory ;  Rites  and  ceremonies ;  Saints. 
Cantatas. 

Refer  from  Music  ;  Oratorio. 
Caoutchouc.     See  India-rubber. 
^/Capital.     See  also  Interest;  Labor;  Money; 
Monopolies ;      Strikes     and     lockouts ; 
Trusts. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Economics  ;  Labor ; 
x      Money ;  Monopolies  ;  Trusts  ;  Wealth. 
^Capital  punishment.      See   also   Guillotine ; 

Hanging. 

Refer  from   Crime  ;   Criminal  law  ;  Death 
penalty ;  Ethics  ;  Hanging ;  Punishment. 
Capuchins.    See  also  Franciscans. 

Refer  from  Franciscans  ;  Monasticism. 
Cardinals. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Catholic  church ; 
Christian  biography ;  Church  polity. 

30 


Car-Cas]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Cards.    See  also  Bezique  ;  Cribbage  ;  Euchre  ; 
Fortune-telling ;    Gambling ;     Patience ; 
Whist. 
Refer    from     Amusements ;     Gambling ; 

Games ;  Playing-cards. 

Caricature.     See  also  Satire  ;  Wit  and  humor. 
Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;    Drawing ;  Satire ; 

Wit  and  humor. 

Carols.     See  also  Ballads  ;  Songs. 
Refer  from    Christmas ;    Church    music ; 

Easter ;  Music ;  Songs. 

••*  Carpentry.  See  also  Architecture ;  Cabinet 
work  ;  Cars  ;  Carving  ;  Floors  ;  Hand- 
railing  ;  Stair-building  ;  Tools  ;  Turning ; 
Woodwork. 

Refer  from    Architecture  ;    Arts,    useful ; 
Building ;    Joinery ;     Manual     training ; 
Stair-building;  Tools;  Woodwork. 
Carpets.    See  also  House  decoration  ;  Sweep- 
ing ;  Weaving. 
Refer  from  Floors ;    House    decoration ; 

Textile  fabrics ;  Weaving. 
Carriage  painting.     See  also  Painting,    me- 
chanical. 
Refer  from  Painting,  mechanical. 

Carriages.     See  also  Ambulances  ;  Chariots  ; 

Coaching ;  Wheels. 

Refer  from  Coaches  ;  Locomotion  ;  Manu- 
factures ;  Stage-coaches ;  Transportation'; 
Vehicles  ;  Wagons  ;  Wheels. 
Carriers.     See  also  Commerce  ;  Navigation  ; 

Railroads. 
Refer  from    Commercial    law ;    Common 

carriers ;  Law. 
Cars. 

Refer  from  Carpentry ;  Manufactures ;  Rail- 
roads ;  Vehicles. 

Cartesian  philosophy.     See  Descartes,  R. 
Carthusians. 

Refer  from  Monasticism. 
Cartography.     See  Maps. 
Carving  (meat,  etc.).     See  also  Cookery. 
Refer  from  Cookery ;    Dining ;    Domestic 

economy ;  Table,  the. 

Carving  (wood,  etc.).  See  also  Bas-relief; 
Cameos ;  Ivory ;  Sculpture  ;  Turning ; 
Wood-carving. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Arts,  useful ;  Bas- 
relief;  Carpentry;  Decoration  and  orna- 
ment ;  Sculpture ;  Wood-carving. 
Cases  of  conscience.     See  Conscience. 


Cas-Cat]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Caste. 

Refer  from  Manners  and  customs ;  Soci- 
ology. 
V/Casting.     See  also  Pattern-making. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Founding ;  Iron ; 

Metals;  Molding;  Moulding;  Steel. 
Castles.     See  also  Military  architecture. 
Refer  from    Archaeology ;    Architecture ; 
Chateaux ;  Middle  ages ;  Military  archi- 
tecture. 

Casuistry.     See  Conscience. 
Cat. 

Refer  from  Domestic  animals  ;  Mammals. 
Catacombs. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Burial ;  Caves ; 
Cemeteries ;  Christian  art  and  symbol- 
ism ;  Church  antiquities  ;  Church  history ; 
Tombs. 

Cataloging.     See  also  Classification ;  Index- 
ing; Libraries. 

Refer  from  Bibliography  ;  Books  and  read- 
ing ;  Classification  ;  Indexing ;  Libraries  ; 
Library  catalogs. 

Catalogs.     See   also    Bibliography ;    Library 
catalogs ;   also  other  subjects  of  which 
catalogs  are  made. 
Cataracts.     See  Waterfalls. 
Catarrh.     See  also  Cold  ;  Hay-fever. 
Refer  from  Breathing ;   Cold    (disease)  ; 

Medicine,  practice  of;  Nose.  • 

Catechisms.    See    also    Creeds ;    Names    of 

churches. 

Refer  from  Creeds  ;  Theology. 
Caterpillars. 
Refer  from  Agricultural  pests  ;  Butterflies ; 

Insects  ;  Lepidoptera ;  Moths. 
Cathedrals.     See  also  Church  architecture. 
Refer  from  Abbeys ;  Architecture ;  Chris- 
tian art  and  symbolism ;  Church  archi- 
tecture ;    Church     history ;     Church    of 
England ;  Gothic  architecture. 
Cathode  rays.     See  X  rays. 
Catholic  church.    See  also  Abbeys ;   Arch- 
bishops ;  Bishops  ;  Canonization  ;  Cardi- 
nals ;    Celibacy ;     Christianity ;    Church 
and  state ;  Church  history  ;  Church  law  ; 
Church  music ;   Confession ;    Convents  ; 
Councils ;    Episcopacy ;    Excommunica- 
tion ;  Fasts  and  feasts ;  Fathers  of  the 
church ;     Greek     church ;      Immaculate 
conception;    Indulgences;    Infallibility; 
Inquisition ;   Jansenists  ;  Jesuits  ;  Lent ; 
Liturgies ;  Mary,  virgin  ;  Mass  ;  Miracles ; 

32 


Cat-Cem]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Missals;  Missions;  Monasteries;  Mon- 
asticism  ;  Nunneries ;  Oxford  movement ; 
Penance  ;  Persecution  ;  Pilgrimage  ; 
Popes  ;  Priests ;  Protestantism  ;  Purga- 
tory ;  Reformation;  Religious  liberty; 
Rosary ;  Saints  ;  Sisterhoods  ;  Transub- 
stantiation ;  Ultramontanism ;  Vatican 
council. 

Refer  from  Christianity ;  Church  and 
state ;  Church  history ;  Church  law ; 
Church  of  England ;  Emancipation ; 
Episcopacy  ;  Infallibility  ;  Papacy ;  Popes ; 
Priests  ;  Protestantism  ;  Reformation  ; 
Ritualism ;  Roman  Catholic  church ; 
Romanism ;  Sects ;  Ultramontanism ; 
Vatican. 

Cattle.     See    also    Barns ;    Butter ;    Cheese ; 
Cow  ;  Dairy  ;  Domestic  animals  ;  Milk ; 
Ox ;  Veterinary  medicine. 
Refer  from    Agriculture  ;     Cow  ;    Dairy ; 
Domestic    animals ;    Live     stock ;    Ox ; 
Stock  breeding ;  Veterinary  medicine. 
Caucus.     See  also  Election  (in  politics). 
Refer  from  Election  (in  politics)  ;  Politi- 
cal science. 
Cavalry.     See  also  Horse ;   Military  art  and 

science. 

Refer  from  Military  art  and  science  ;  Tac- 
tics. A 
Caves.    See  also  Catacombs. 

Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Grottoes  ;  Physi- 
cal geography. 
Celibacy. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church ;  Chastity ; 
Church  history  ;  Church  polity ;  Clergy  ; 
Ethics  ;  Marriage  ;  Monasticism ;  Priests  ; 
Theology ;  Woman. 

Cell,  voltaic.     See  also  Electric  batteries. 
Refer  from  Electric  batteries  ;  Electricity  ; 

Voltaic  cell. 
Cells.       See    also     Biology ;     Embryology ; 

Histology;  Protoplasm. 
Refer  from    Biology ;     Botany ;    Embry- 
ology ;  Histology  ;  Protoplasm  ;  Zoology. 
Cement.     See  also  Concrete  ;  Glue. 

Refer  from  Building  materials  ;  Concrete  ; 

Limes  ;  Masonry ;  Mortar. 
Cemeteries.      See  also   Burial ;   Catacombs  ; 
Epitaphs  ;  Landscape  gardening  ;  Tombs. 
Refer  from   Archaeology  ;    Burial ;    Bury- 
ing grounds  ;  Churchyards  ;  Graveyards ; 
Landscape  gardening ;  Tombs. 

33 


Cen-Cha]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Censorship  of  the  press.     See  Liberty  of  the 

press ;  Prohibited  books. 
Census.     See  also  Statistics ;   also  names   of 

cities,  countries,  states,  etc. 
Refer  from   Population  ;    Statistics  ;   Vital 

statistics. 

Ceramics.     See  Pottery. 
Cereals.     See  Grain. 
Ceremonies.     See  Etiquette ;    Manners   and 

customs  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies. 
Certainty.     See  also  Belief ;  Faith;  Truth. 
Refer  from  Belief;    Evidence;  Faith;  In- 
tellect ;    Logic ;    Philosophy ;  Theology ; 
Truth. 
Chained  books. 

Refer  from  Books  and  reading. 
Chains. 

Refer  from  Cables  ;  Manufactures. 
Chairs. 

Refer  from  Furniture. 
Chance.     See  also  Probabilities. 

Refer  from  Philosophy. 
Chancellors,  lord. 

Refer  from   Biography  ;    Lawyers  ;    Minis- 
ters (of  state). 
Chancery.     See  also  Equity. 

Refer  from  Courts  ;  Equity;  Law. 
Chanting.     See  also  Singing. 

Refer  from  Church  music ;  Music  ;  Singing. 
Chants.     See  also  Anthems  ;  Church  music  ; 

Hymns. 
Refer    from    Anthems ;     Church     music ; 

Music. 
Chap-books.     See  also  Ballads. 

Refer  from  Ballads ;  Literature. 
Chapels.     See  also  Church  architecture. 

Refer  from  Church  architecture. 
vCharacter.     See  also  Christian  life  ;  Conduct 
of  life  ;    Ethics ;    Phrenology ;   Physiog- 
nomy ;  Temperament. 
Refer    from    Conduct    of    life ;     Ethics ; 

Psychology. 
Charades.      See    also    Amateur    theatricals ; 

Riddles. 

Refer  from  Amateur   theatricals  ;   Amuse- 
ments ;  Drama ;  Puzzles  ;  Riddles. 
Charcoal  drawing. 

Refer  from  Drawing. 
Chariots. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Carriages  ;  Mil- 
itary art  and  science  ;  Vehicles. 
Charitable  societies. 
Refer  from  Benevolent  societies  ;  Charities. 

34 


Cha-Che]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Charities.  See  also  Almshouses  ;  Asylums  ; 
Brotherhoods ;  Charitable  societies ; 
Hospitals ;  Poor ;  Sisterhoods ;  Social 
settlements. 

Refer  from  Almshouses ;    Charity ;   Eco- 
nomics ;    Philanthropy ;     Poor ;     Public 
'    institutions  ;  Reform  ;  Sociology. 
Charity.     See  also  Charities  ;  Love. 
Refer  from    Almsgiving;    Begging;    Be- 
nevolence ;  Ethics  ;  Love  ;  Philanthropy. 
Charity  schools.     See  also  Ragged  schools. 

Refer  from  Education  ;  Schools. 
Charms.     See  also  Amulets  ;  Witchcraft. 
Refer    from     Superstition ;      Talismans ; 

Witchcraft. 
Charts.     See  Maps. 
Chase,  the.     See  Hunting. 
Chastity.     See  also  Celibacy. 
Refer  from    Ethics  ;    Marriage  ;    Virtue  ; 

Woman. 

Chateaux.  See  Castles. 
Chattels.  See  Property. 
Checkers. 

Refer  from  Draughts  ;  Games. 
Cheese.     See  also  Dairy. 
Refer  from    Agriculture  ;     Cattle ;    Cow ; 

Dairy ;  Milk. 

Cheirosophy.     See  Palmistry.  .     .         \ 

/Chemistry.  See  also  Acids  ;  Adulterations  ;  S  w  b '.  1  -n  0  v  ^  A.  n  i  c(  C-  n  e-wi  v  % 
Agricultural  chemistry;  Air;  Alchemy; 
Alcohol ;  Alkalies  ;  Aniline  colors  ;  Arts, 
useful ;  Assaying ;  Atoms  ;  Blowpipe  ; 
Botanical  chemistry ;  Color ;  Combus- 
tion ;  Cookery ;  Crystallography ;  Dis- 
tillation ;  Dyeing ;  Electrochemistry ; 
Evaporation ;  Explosives ;  Fermenta- 
tion ;  Fire  ;  Gas  ;  Gases  i^Iedical  chem- 
istry ;  Metals  ;  Mineralogy  ;  Molecules  ; 
Paint ;  Perfumery ;  Pharmacy ;  Phos- 
phates ;  Photography ;  Physics ;  Poi- 
sons ;  Receipts ;  Spectrum. 
Refer  from  Ajchemy ;  Analysis ;  Arts, 
useful ;  Atoms ;  Blowpipe ;  Experi- 
ments ;  Metals ;  Molecules ;  Natural 
history  ;  Physics  ;  Qualitative  analysis ; 
Quantitative  analysis ;  Science. 
Chess. 

Refer  from  Games. 
Chest.      See    also    Breast ;     Consumption ; 

Heart ;  Lungs ;  Pneumonia. 
Refer  from  Breathing. 

35 


Chi-Chl] 


LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 


Chicken-pox. 
Refer  from  Children,  Diseases',  Medicine, 

practice  of;  Skin. 
Chickens.     See  Poultry. 
Chief  justices.     See  also  Judges. 

Refer  from  Biography;  Judges;  Lawyers, 
v Child  study.     See  also  Kindergarten;   Psy- 
chology. 

Refer   from    Education;      Kindergarten; 
/     Psychology;  Teaching. 
Children.     See  also  Adoption ;  Boys ;  Chil- 
dren's   crusade  ;     Children's    literature  ; 
Consolation ;  Education  ;  Family ;  Found- 
lings ;   Girls ;   Heredity  ;    Kindergarten  ; 
Labor ;    Mothers  ;     Orphans ;    Parents  ; 
Reformatories  ;  Sunday  schools ;  Twins. 
Refer  from  Boys  ;    Domestic    education ; 
Education  ;      Ethics ;     Family ;     Girls ; 
Home  ;  Infants ;   Kindergarten  ;   Labor ; 
Mothers  ;  Parents  ;  Sociology ;  Woman ; 
Young  people. 

Children,  Diseases.  See  also  Chicken-pox; 
Cholera  infantum  ;  Croup  ;  Scarlatina ; 
Scarlet  fever. 

Refer  from  Hygiene  ;  Medicine,  practice  of. 
Children's  crusade,  1212. 

Refer  from  Children  ;  Crusades, 
^^hildren's  literature. 

Refer  from  Books  and  reading ;  Children ; 
Juvenile  literature  ;  Literature  ;  Stories. 
Children's  poetry. 

Refer  from  Poetry. 
Chiming.  See  Bells. 
Chimney  sweeping. 

Refer  from  Sweeping. 
Chimneys.     See  also  Heating ;  Ventilation. 
Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Fires  ;  Heating ; 

Ventilation. 
China.     See  Pottery. 
China  painting.     See  also  Pottery. 

Refer  from    Decoration    and    ornament; 
Painting ;  Pottery. 

Chiromancy.     See  Palmistry. 

Chivalry.  See  also  Crusades;  Feudalism; 
Heraldry;  Malta,  knights  of;  Middle 
ages  ;  Templars  ;  Tournaments. 
Refer  from  Crusades  ;  Feudalism  ;  Her- 
aldry ;  Knight-errantry ;  Knighthood ; 
Middle  ages ;  Orders  of  knighthood ; 
Religious  orders ;  Templars ;  Tourna- 
ments. 

Chloroform.     See  also  Anesthetics. 
Refer  from  Anesthetics. 


I/C 


<&M 


j 


Cho-Chr]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Cholera,  Asiatic. 

Refer  from  Contagion ;  Epidemics ;  Medi- 
cine, practice  of. 
Cholera  infantum. 

Refer  from  Children,  Diseases. 
Cholera  morbus. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of. 
Christ.     See  Jesus  Christ. 
Christendom.       See    Christianity;      Church 

history ;  History. 

Christian.     See  also  Church  ;  Religions. 
Refer  from  Ecclesiastical ;  Theology. 
Christian  antiquities.      See  Church   antiqui- 
ties. 

Christian  art  and  symbolism.  See  also 
Arts,  fine  ;  Catacombs  ;  Cathedrals  ; 
Church  architecture  ;  Church  furniture  ; 
Church  vestments ;  Cross ;  Rites  and 
ceremonies ;  Saints. 

Refer  from    Archaeology ;    Architecture ; 
Arts,  fine  ;  Christian  symbolism  ;  Church 
antiquities  ;  Church  architecture  ;  Eccle- 
siastical art ;    Emblems ;    Iconography ; 
Jesus   Christ ;    Mary,  virgin ;    Religious 
art ;  Sacred  art ;  Saints  ;  Symbolism. 
Christian    biography.      See    also    Apostles ; 
Apostolic   fathers  ;   Archbishops  ;    Bish- 
ops ;  Cardinals  ;  Fathers  of  the  church  ; 
Hermits ;  Martyrs  ;    Ministers  ;  Mission- 
aries ;     Monasticism ;     Nonconformists ; 
Pilgrim     fathers ;     Popes ;      Preachers ; 
Puritans  ;  Reformers  ;  Saints. 
Refer    from     Archbishops ;     Biography ; 
Church     biography ;      Church    history ; 
Church     of     England ;      Ecclesiastical 
biography ;  Martyrs ;    Ministers   (of  the 
gospel)  ;  Religion ;  Religious  biography. 
Christian  character.     See  Christian  life. 
Christian  doctrine.     See  Theology. 
Christian    education.      See    Religious    edu- 
cation. 

Christian  life.  See  also  Conduct  of  life  ;  Con- 
version ;  Devotional  exercises ;  Faith  ; 
Monasticism ;  Prayer ;  Religious  educa- 
tion ;  Revivals. 

Refer  from  Christian  character;  Conduct 
of  life  ;  Conversion ;  Ethics  ;  Life  ;  Relig- 
ion. 

Christian  science. 

Refer  from  Faith-cure  ;  Mind-cure  ;  Thera- 
peutics. 
Christian  symbolism.     See  Christian  art. 

37 


H41722 


Chr-Chu]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Christian  union. 

Refer  from  Church  polity ;  Church  unity ; 
Sects ;  Theology. 

Christianity.  See  also  Bible;  Catholic 
church  ;  Church  history ;  God  ;  Miracles  ; 
Missions ;  Protestantism  ;  Religion ; 
Sects;  Theology;  also  headings  begin- 
ning with  Christian  and  Church,  and 
the  references  under  all  the  above. 
Refer  from  Apologetics  ;  Bible  ;  Catholic 
church  ;  Christendom ;  Church  history ; 
Deism  ;  Evidences  of  Christianity  ;  Jesus 
Christ ;  Natural  religion  ;  Philosophy ; 
Religion  ;  Religions ;  Revelation  ;  Soci- 

/      ology ;  Theism  ;  Theology. 
^  Christmas.    See  also  Carols ;  Church  deco- 
ration and  ornament. 

Refer  from  Fasts  and  feasts ;  Holidays ; 
Jesus  Christ. 

Chromatics.    See  Color. 

Chromblithography.    See  also  Color ;  Lithog- 
raphy. 
Refer  from  Color ;  Lithography. 

Chronology.  See  also  Calendar ;  History ; 
Time ;  Year ;  also  names  of  countries 
and  periods. 

Refer  from  Almanacs  ;  Annals  ;  Astron- 
omy ;  Calendar ;  Dates  ;  History ;  Time  ; 
Year. 

Church,  the.     See  also  Church  architecture; 

Church  history ;  Church  polity  ;  etc. 
Refer     from    Christian ;     Ecclesiastical ; 
Theology. 

Church  and  state.  See  also  Catholic  church  ; 
Church  history ;  Church  of  England ; 
Church  polity;  Disestablishment;  Lib- 
erty of  conscience. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  his- 
tory ;  Church  of  England ;  Church  polity ; 
Disestablishment ;  Political  science ; 
Religious  liberty ;  State  church. 

Church  antiquities.  See  also  Baptism  ;  Bells  ; 
Catacombs ;  Christian  art  and  symbol- 
ism ;  Church  architecture  ;  Church  furni- 
ture ;  Church  vestments  ;  Fasts  and  feasts ; 
Funerals ;  Lord's  supper ;  Marriage  ; 
Relics  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies  ;  Shrines. 
Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Christian  an- 
tiquities ;  Church  ceremonies ;  Church 
history ;  Church  polity ;  Ecclesiastical 
antiquities  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies. 

Church  architecture.  See  also  Abbeys  ;  Bap- 
tisteries ;  Basilicas ;  Cathedrals  ;  Chapels ; 

38 


Chu-Chu]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Christian  art  and  symbolism ;  Crypts ; 
Gothic  architecture  ;  Spires  ;  Temples  ; 
Towers. 

Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Basilicas  ;  Cathe- 
drals ;  Chapels ;  Christian  art  and  sym- 
bolism ;  Church ;  Church  antiquities ; 
Churches ;  Ecclesiastical  architecture ; 
Gothic  architecture  ;  Religious  art. 

Church  benefices.     See  Church  property. 

Church  biography.     See  Christian  biography. 

Church  ceremonies.    See  Church  antiquities ; 
Fasts  and  feasts  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies. 

Church  costume.    See  Church  vestments. 

Church  councils.     See  Councils. 

Church  decoration  and  ornament.    See  also 

Floral  decoration. 

Refer  from  Christmas ;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Floral  decoration. 

Church  dedication. 

Refer  from  Church  polity ;  Churches ; 
Consecration  ;  Dedication  of  churches ; 
Rites  and  ceremonies. 

Church  fathers.    &f  Fathers  of  the  church. 

Church  festivals.     See  Fasts  and  feasts. 

Church  furniture.  See  also  Altars ;  Bap- 
tismal fonts  ;  Pulpits  ;  Shrines. 
Refer  from  Christian  art  and  symbolism ; 
Church  antiquities ;  Decoration  and 
ornament ;  Ecclesiastical  furniture ; 
Furniture. 

Church  government.    See  Church  polity. 

Church  history.  See  also  Abbeys ;  Albi- 
genses  ;  Apostles  ;  Apostolic  fathers  ; 
Apostolic  succession  ;  Arianism  ;  Bible  ; 
Canonization  ;  Catacombs  ;  Cathedrals ; 
Catholic  church ;  Celibacy ;  Christian 
biography ;  Christianity ;  Church  and 
state  ;  Church  antiquities  ;  Church  law ; 
Church  polity ;  Confession  ;  Convents ; 
Councils ;  Covenanters ;  Creeds ;  Cru- 
sades ;  Dissenters ;  Eastern  churches ; 
Episcopacy ;  Fathers  of  the  church ; 
Greek  church ;  Heresy ;  Huguenots ; 
Inquisition  ;  Jansenists  ;  Jesuits ;  Jews ; 
Martyrs ;  Middle  ages ;  Miracles  ;  Mis- 
sions ;  Monasticism  ;  Nunneries ;  Perse- 
cution ;  Popes  ;  Protestantism  ;  Reforma- 
tion ;  Religious  liberty  ;  Revivals ;  Sects ; 
Sisterhoods ;  Theology  [for  history  of 
doctrines]  ;  Waldenses  ;  Witchcraft ; 
also  the  names  of  churches,  councils, 
countries,  orders,  sects,  etc. 
Refer  from  Apostolic  church ;  Bible ; 

39 


Chu-Chu]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Catholic  church ;  Christendom ;  Christi- 
anity ;  Church  ;  Church  and  state ;  Church 
law ;  Church  of  England  ;  Church  polity ; 
Councils ;  Ecclesiastical  history ;  Greek 
church  ;  History ;  History,  modern ;  Ref- 
ormation ;  Religion ;  Religious  history ; 
Sacred  history ;  Theology. 

Church  law.  See  also  Apostolic  constitu- 
tions ;  Benefit  of  clergy  ;  Catholic  church  ; 
Church  history ;  Church  of  England ; 
Church  polity ;  Councils ;  Divorce ;  Mar- 
riage ;  Tithes ;  also  the  names  of 
churches. 

Refer  from  Canon  law  ;  Catholic  Church ; 
Church  of  England ;  Church  polity ; 
Ecclesiastical  law ;  Law. 

Church    membership.      See    also    Baptism; 
Church  polity ;  Close  communion ;  Con- 
firmation ;  Creeds ;  Lord's  supper. 
Refer  from  Church  polity ;  Confirmation ; 
Lord's  supper. 

Church  music.  See  also  Anthems ;  Burial 
service ;  Carols ;  Chanting ;  Chants ; 
Hymns ;  Masses ;  Oratorio ;  Organ. 
Refer  from  Anthems  ;  Catholic  church  ; 
Chants  ;  Devotional  exercises  ;  Hymns ; 
Music ;  Organ ;  Psalmody ;  Sacred  music ; 
Songs  ;  Vocal  music ;  Worship. 

Church  of  England.  See  also  Apostles' 
creed ;  Apostolic  succession ;  Arch- 
bishops ;  Athanasian  creed ;  Bishops ; 
Cathedrals ;  Catholic  church  ;  Christian 
biography ;  Church  and  state ;  Church 
history ;  Church  law ;  Church  polity ; 
Church  property ;  Church  rates  ;  Clergy ; 
Confession ;  Confirmation ;  Creeds  ;  Dis- 
establishment ;  Dissenters  ;  Episcopacy ; 
Fasts  and  feasts ;  Martyrs ;  Nicene 
creed ;  Nonconformists ;  Nonjurors ; 
Oxford  movement ;  Priests ;  Protestant 
episcopal  church;  Puritans;  Ritualism; 
Sacraments ;  Sisterhoods ;  Tithes. 
Refer  from  Articles,  thirty-nine  ;  Church 
and  state ;  Church  law ;  Disestablish- 
ment; Dissenters;  England,  church  of; 
Episcopacy ;  Episcopal  church  ;  Noncon- 
formists ;  Protestant  episcopal  church  in 
the  U.  S. ;  Puritans;  Ritualism;  Sects; 
Thirty-nine  articles. 

Church  of  Scotland.    See  also  Covenanters ; 

Presbyterianism ;  Reformation. 
Refer  from  Covenanters  ;  Presbyterianism. 

Church  polity.    See  also  Absolution ;  Apos- 

40 


Chu-Cir]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

tolic  succession  ;  Asceticism  ;  Baptism  ; 
Benefit  of  clergy  ;  Brotherhoods  ;  Cardi- 
nals ;  Celibacy ;  Christian  union  ;  Church 
and  state ;  Church  antiquities ;  Church 
dedication  ;  Church  history  ;  Church  law ; 
Church  membership  ;  Church  property ; 
Church  rates  ;  Clergy ;  Confession  ;  Con- 
firmation ;  Congregationalism  ;  Councils  ; 
Deaconesses ;  Deacons ;  Disestablish- 
ment ;  Episcopacy ;  Excommunication ; 
Fasts  and  feasts ;  Free  churches ;  In- 
dulgences ;  Lord's  supper ;  Methodism  ; 
Ministers  ;  Monasticism  ;  Ordination ; 
Penance ;  Popes ;  Preaching ;  Presby- 
terianism  ;  Priests ;  Religious  liberty ; 
Rites  and  ceremonies  ;  Ritualism  ;  Sac- 
raments ;  Sisterhoods  ;  Tithes  ;  Worship. 
Refer  from  Church ;  Church  and  state ; 
Church  government ;  Church  history ; 
Church  law ;  Church  membership ; 
Church  of  England ;  Congregationalism  ; 
Ecclesiastical  polity ;  Protestant  epis- 
copal church  in  the  U.  S. ;  Religion; 
Theology. 

Church  property. 

Refer  from  Church  beneficies ;  Church  of 
England ;  Church  polity  ;  Property. 

Church  rates.     See  also  Tithes. 
Refer  from  Church   of  England ;    Church 
polity ;  Dissenters  ;  Tithes. 

Church  services.     See  Liturgies ;  also  names 
of  churches  and  sects. 

Church  unity.     See  Christian  union. 

Church  vestments.     See  also  Costume. 
Refer  from  Christian  art  and  symbolism ; 
Church    antiquities ;    Church    costume ; 
Costume ;    Ecclesiastical   costume ;   Re- 
galia ;  Vestments. 

Churches.  .  See  Church  architecture  ;  Church 
dedication ;  Free  churches. 

Churchyards.     See  Cemeteries. 

Cipher. 

Refer  from  Abbreviations  ;  Cryptography ; 
Secret  writing ;  Sign  language ;  Writ- 
ing. 

Circle. 
Refer  from  Curves ;  Geometry. 

Circulation  of  the  blood.     See  Blood. 

Circumcision. 
Refer  from.  Jews. 

Circumnavigation.     See  Voyages  around  the 
world. 

Circumstantial  evidence.     See  Evidence. 

41 


Cir-Cla]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Circus. 

Refer  from    Amusements;    Hippodrome. 
Cistercians. 

Refer  from  Monasticism. 
Cities.     See  also  Boroughs  ;  Markets  ;  Munic- 
ipal government ;  Towns. 
Refer   from    Boroughs ;     Local    govern- 
ment ;     Municipal     government ;    Soci- 
ology ;  Towns. 
Citizenship.      See    also    Allegiance;     Civil 

rights;  Naturalization;  Patriotism. 
Refer  from  Aliens  ;    Allegiance  ;  Election 

(in  politics)  ;  International  law;  Natural-  /) 

ization ;  Political  science  ;  Suffrage. 
Civil  engineering.      See  Engineering;  Sur- 
veying. 

Civil  government.     See  Political  science. 
Civil  law.     See  also  Law,  and  the  references 

under  that  subject. 
Refer  from  Law ;  Roman  law. 
Civil  liberty.     See  Liberty. 
Civil  rights. 

Refer  from    Citizenship ;    Law ;   Political 

science. 

Civil  service.     See  also  Examinations. 
Refer  from     Competitive    examinations ; 
Examinations ;  Office,  tenure  of;  Politi- 
cal science ;  Reform  ;  Spoils  system. 
Civil  war.     See  U.  S.,  History,  Civil   war ; 
also  names  of  other  countries  in  which 
civil  wars  have  taken  place. 
Civilization.    See  also  Archaeology ;  Culture ; 
Education ;      Ethics  ;      History ;     Man ; 
Sociology. 

Refer  from  Anthropology ;  Archaeology ; 

Culture ;      Ethics ;      History ;     History, 

philosophy  of;  Man;  Political  science; 

Progress ;  Social  science ;  Sociology. 

Clairvoyance.     See  also  Animal  magnetism; 

Mind-reading. 

Refer  from  Animal  magnetism ;  Divina- 
tion ;  Fortune-telling ;  Mind-reading ; 
Second  sight ;  Spiritualism. 
Classical  antiquities.  See  also  Archaeology ; 
Classical  dictionaries  ;  Greece  ;  Mythol- 
ogy ;  Rome. 

Refer  from  Archaeology. 
Classical     biography.      See     also     Greece ; 

Rome. 

Refer  from  Biography. 
Classical  dictionaries.  See  also  Greece ;  Rome. 
Refer  from  Classical  antiquities ;  Diction- 
aries ;  Mythology. 

43 


Cla-Clo]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Classical  education.     See  also  Colleges. 
Refer    from     Colleges    and    universities; 

Education  ;  Language. 
Classical     geography.        See       Geography, 

ancient. 
Classical  literature.     See  also  Greek  litera- 

ture ;  Latin  literature. 
Refer  from  Literature. 
Classification.        See        also        Cataloging; 

Libraries. 

Refer   from    Bibliography  ;     Books     and 
reading  ;  Cataloging  ;  Libraries  ;  Natural 
history. 
Cleaning.      See     also    Bleaching  ;    Dyeing  ; 

Soap  ;  Street  cleaning  ;  Sweeping. 
Refer  from  Bleaching  ;  Dyeing  ;  Scouring. 
Cleanliness.      See  also   Baths  and  bathing  ; 

Disinfection. 

Refer  from  Domestic  economy  ;  Hygiene. 

Clergy.     See  also  Benefit  of  clergy  ;  Celibacy  ; 

Curates  ;     Deacons  ;     Ministers  ;     Ordi- 

nation ;  Preachers  ;   Preaching  ;  Priests. 

Refer  from  Church  of  England  ;  Church 

polity  ;  Ministers  (of  the  gospel)  ;  Pastors  ; 

Preachers  ;  Priests  ;  Rectors  ;  Theology. 


Refer  from    Archaeology  ;    Architecture  ; 

Indians  of  North  America  ;  Pueblos. 
Climate.      See  also  Meteorology  ;  Tempera- 

ture ;  Weather. 

Refer  from  Ethnology  ;    Hygiene  ;    Mete- 
orology ;     Physical    geography  ;     Tem- 
perature ;  Weather. 
Climbing  plants. 

Refer  from  Botany  ;  Vines. 
Clinical     medicine.      See     also    Diagnosis  ; 

Pathology. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of. 
Clocks  and    watches.      See  also  Pendulum  ; 

Timekeepers. 
Refer    from     Horology  ;      Manufactures  ; 

Timekeepers  ;  Watches. 
Close      communion.       See     also     Baptists  ; 

Lord's  supper. 

Refer  from  Baptism  ;  Baptists  ;  Church 
membership  ;  Communion  ;  Lord's 
supper. 

Cloth.     See  Textile  fabrics. 
Clothing.     See  also  Costume  ;  Dressmaking  ; 

Textile  fabrics. 

Refer  from  Costume  ;  Dress  ;  Dry  Goods  ; 
Manufactures  ;  Textile  fabrics. 

43 


Clo-Col]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Clouds.    See  also  Meteorology. 

Refer  from  Meteorology. 
Clubs.     See  also  Book  clubs  ;  Societies. 
Refer     from     Corporations ;      Societies ; 

Sociology. 

Coaches.     See  Carriages  ;  Coaching. 
Coaching.     See  also  Driving. 
Refer    from     Amusements;      Carriages; 
Coaches ;       Driving ;        Horsemanship ; 
Locomotion ;     Riding ;     Stage-coaches ; 
Vehicles. 
Coal.     See  also   Aniline   colors ;    Coal  gas ; 

Mines  and  mining. 
Refer  from  Fuel ;  Geology ;   Mineralogy ; 

Mines  and  mining. 
Coal  gas.     See  also  Gas. 
Refer  from  Coal ;  Gas. 
Coal-tar  colors.     See  Aniline  colors. 
Coast  pilots. 

Rejer  from  Navigation. 
Coast  survey.     See  U.  S.,  Coast  Survey, 
Coats  of  arms.     See  Heraldry. 
Coeducation.     See  Woman,  Education. 
Coffee". 

Refer     from      Agriculture ;      Beverages ; 

Cookery ;    Stimulants   and   narcotics. 
Coffins. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Burial. 
Cog-wheels.    See  Gearing. 
/Coinage.     See  Free  coinage  ;  Money. 
Coins  and  medals.     See  also  Money. 

Refer    from     Archaeology ;     Arts,     fine ; 
Gold  ;  History  ;  Medals  ;  Money ;  Numis- 
matics ;  Silver. 
Cold.     See  also  Frost ;  Heat. 
Refer  from    Heat ;    Meteorology ;    Tem- 
perature. 
Cold     (disease) .        See      also     Bronchitis ; 

Catarrh. 

Refer  from  Catarrh  ;  Medicine,  practice  of. 
Coleoptera.    See  Beetles. 
Collecting.     See  also  article  collected. 
Collectivism.    See  Socialism. 
College  settlements.    See  Social  settlements. 
Colleges  and  universities.     See  also  Agricult- 
ural colleges  ;  Classical  education ;  Educa- 
tion ;  Medical  education  ;  Students  ;  Uni- 
versity extension ;  Woman,  Education. 
Refer  from   Classical   education ;    Educa- 
tion ;  Schools ;  Students  ;  Universities. 
Collisions.     See  also  Shipwrecks. 
Refer  from  Accidents ;  Navigation ;  Shipr 
wrecks. 

44 


Col-Corn]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Colonies.     See  also  names  of  colonies  and 

names  of  countries  having  colonies. 
Refer  from  Colonization  ;    Immigration ; 

Political  science ;  Sociology. 
Colonization.      See  Colonies ;    also    African 

colonization. 

Color.      See  also  Aniline  colors ;   Chromo- 
lithography ;  Dyeing;  Light;  Painting. 
Refer     from      Chemistry ;     Chromatics ; 
Chromolithography  ;     Dyeing  ;      Light ; 
Paint ;  Painting ;  Painting,  mechanical  ; 
Pigments. 
Color-blindness. 

Refer  from  Blind  ;  Eye  ;  Light ;  Sight. 
Color  of  animals. 
Refer  from  Animal  coloration ;  Evolution ; 

Zoology. 
Color  of  flowers.     See  also  Fertilization  of 

plants. 

Refer  from  Botany  ;    Evolution ;    Fertili- 
zation of  plants ;  Flowers. 
Color  of  man. 
Refer  from  Complexion ;  Ethnology  ;  Face ; 

Man ;  Negroes  ;  Physiology ;  Skin. 
Color-sense. 

Refer  from  Psychology ;  Senses  ;  Vision. 
Colored  people.    See  Freedmen ;   Negroes ; 

Slavery.  ChUvvvUM^c 

Columns.  "7     J 

Refer  from  Architecture. 
Combat,  trial  by.     See  Wager  of  battle. 
Combustion.     See  also  Fire  ;  Smoke. 

Refer  from  Chemistry ;  Fire  ;  Heat. 
Comedy.     See  Drama. 
Comets. 

Refer  from  Astronomy. 
Comic    literature.      See    Satire ;    Wit    and 
humor. 

Commandments,  ten. 

Refer  from    Bible ;    Decalogue ;    Ethics ; 
Ten  commandments. 

Commentaries.     See  Bible,  or  other  subject 

commented  on. 

/Commerce.  See  also  Adulterations ;  Adver- 
tising ;  Auctions  ;  Bankruptcy ;  Banks ; 
Bookkeeping ;  Bookselling ;  Business ; 
Canals ;  Capital ;  Commercial  corres- 
pondence ;  Commercial  law ;  Commer- 
cial travelers ;  Competition ;  Contracts ; 
Cooperation ;  Corporations  ;  Credit ; 
Docks  ;  Dry-goods ;  Economics  ;  Embar- 
go laws ;  Exchange  ;  Exportation ;  Fairs  ; 
Finance ;  Grangers ;  Groceries ;  Har- 

45 


Corn-Corn]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

bors ;  Hardware  ;  Inland  navigation  ;  In- 
surance ;  Interest ;  Loans ;  Manufactures  ; 
Markets  ;  Merchants ;  Money ;  Monopo- 
lies ;  Navigation ;  Panics  ;  Partnership ; 
Pawn-broking ;  Prices ;  Profit-sharing ; 
Railroads ;  Signboards  ;  Smuggling ; 
Speculation ;  Stationery ;  Statistics ; 
Steam  navigation ;  Stocks ;  Tariff; 
Trade-marks  ;  Trade-unions ;  Transpor- 
tation ;  Trusts. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Business ; 
•  Carriers ;  Economics  ;  Exportation ; 
Finance ;  Imports  ;  Manufactures ;  Mer- 
chandise ;  Merchants  ;  Money ;  Naviga- 
tion ;  Ocean ;  Ships ;  Trade ;  Trans- 
portation. 

Commercial  correspondence. 
Refer  from    Business    education ;    Com- 
merce ;  Correspondence ;  Letter-writing. 

Commercial  crises.     See  Panics. 

Commercial  education.  See  Business  educa- 
tion. 

Commercial  law.  See  also  Admiralty ; 
Agents ;  Arbitration,  industrial ;  Assign- 
ments ;  Attachment ;  Bankruptcy ;  Car- 
riers ;  Consuls ;  Contracts ;  Conveyanc- 
ing ;  Corporations ;  Debt ;  Exchange ; 
Insurance ;  Maritime  law ;  Negotiable 
instruments  ;  Partnership  ;  Principal  and 
agent ;  Sale  ;  Trusts. 

Refer  from  Admiralty ;  Business ;  Com- 
merce ;  Consuls  ;  Law ;  Mercantile  law ; 
Merchants ;  Negotiable  instruments ; 
Sale.  ^ 

Commercial  travelers.  rVvu  * . . .  «  A  .  j~%4  .      /'7W- ir-4       ,    «o_A-C 

Refer  from  Business  ;  Commerce  ;  Drum- 
mers ;  Merchants  ;  Salesmen,  traveling ; 
Travelers. 

Common  carriers.     See  Carriers. 

Common  law.    See  also  Law,  and  references 

under  that  subject. 
Refer  from  Law. 

Common  schools.    See  Public  schools. 

Commonplace  books. 
Refer  from  Literature. 

Commons  (public  grounds) . 
Refer  from  Land  ;  Parks. 

Commons,  house  of.    See  England. 

Commonwealth  of  England.  See  England, 
History. 

Commune,  Paris.    See  France ;  Paris. 

Communion.  See  Close  communion  ;  Lord's 
supper. 

46 


Corn-Con]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Communism.      See  also    Individualism ;  So- 
cialism. 

Refer  from  Cooperation  ;   Economics ;  In- 
dividualism ;    Labor ;    Political   science ; 
Profit-sharing ;      Property ;      Socialism  ; 
Sociology. 
Commutators. 

Refer  from  Electricity ;  Electromagnets. 
Comparative  anatomy,  etc.    Enter  under  sub- 
ject compared,  as  Anatomy,  Language, 
Theology,  Zoology,  etc. 
Compass. 

Refer  from  Magnetic  needle  ;   Magnetism  ; 
Mariner's  compass  ;  Navigation  ;   Varia- 
tion of  the  compass. 
Compensation.     See  Damages ;  Wages. 
Competition.     See  also  Demand  and  supply  ; 

Monopolies. 
Refer  from     Commerce ;     Demand     and 

supply  ;  Economics  ;  Monopolies. 
Competitive    examinations.       See  Civil  ser- 
vice ;  Examinations. 
Complexion.     See  Color  of  man. 
Composers.     See  Musicians. 
Composite  photography. 
/  Refer  from  Photography. 
t/Composition.       See     Arts,      fine ;      Letter- 
writing  ;  Painting ;  Printing ;  Rhetoric. 
Composition,    musical.      See    also    Counter- 
point ;  Harmony ;  Music. 
Refer  from  Music. 
Compressed  air. 

Refer  from  Air ;  Motors ;  Pneumatic  trans- 
mission. 
Compromise. 

Refer  from  Ethics. 
Compulsory  education. 

Refer  from  Education. 
Concerts. 

Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Music. 
Conchology.     See  Mollusks. 
Concordance.      See    Bible ;    also    names   of 
authors  of  whom  concordances  are  made. 
Concrete.     See  also  Cement. 

Refer   from    Cement ;     Masonry ;    Pave- 
ments. 

Condemned  books.     See  Prohibited  books. 
Conduct  of  life.     See  also  Boys ;  Character; 
Christian    life ;      Conversation ;     Duty ; 
Ethics;  Etiquette;  Girls;   Habit;   Self- 
culture  ;  Success  ;  Young  people. 
Refer   from    Character ;     Christian    life ; 
Duty;     Ethics,    practical;     Life;    Self- 

47 


Con-Con]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

culture;    Success;    Young   men;  Young 
women. 
Confectionery. 

Refer  from   Candy ;    Cookery ;  Manufact- 
ures. 
Confession.     See  also   Absolution ;    Creeds ; 

Penance. 

Refer  from  Absolution ;    Auricular    con- 
fession ;  Catholic  church  ;  Church  history ; 
Church  of  England  ;  Church  polity ;  Pen- 
ance ;  Repentance  ;  Sin ;  Theology. 
Confirmation.     See  also  Church  membership  ; 

Lord's  supper. 

Refer  from  Church  membership ;    Church 
of  England ;  Church  polity ;  Protestant 
episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. ;  Rites  and 
ceremonies ;  Sacraments  ;  Theology. 
Confiscation. 

Refer  from  Law  ;  Property. 
Conflagrations.     See  Fires. 
Confucianism. 

Refer  from  Ancestor-worship  ;  Religions. 
Congregationalism.      See    also    Antinomian- 
ism  ;  Baptists  ;  Brownists  ;  Church  polity ; 
Dissenters;  Friends,  society  of;  Ortho- 
doxy ;  Presbyterianism  ;  Puritans  ;  Uni- 
tarianism ;  Universalism. 
Refer  from  Brownists  ;  Calvinism  ;  Church 
polity  ;  Dissenters  ;  Independents  ;  Ortho- 
doxy ;  Puritans ;  Sects. 

Congress.     See  U.  S.,  Congress',  also  names 
of  places  at  which  congresses  were  held 
or  names  of  bodies  holding  them. 
Conic  sections.     See  also  Curves  ;  Geometry ; 

Mathematics. 

Refer  from    Curves ;    Geometry ;    Mathe- 
matics. 

Conjuring.     See  also  Witchcraft. 
Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Juggling ;  Leger- 
demain ;  Magic  ;  Necromancy  ;  Prestidig- 
itation ;  Sleight  of  hand. 
Consanguinity.     See  also  Marriage. 

Refer  from  Ethnology  ;  Marriage. 
Conscience.     See  also  Liberty  of  conscience. 
Refer  from  Cases  of  conscience  ;  Casuistry  ; 

Ethics  ;  Religion  ;  Theology. 
Consciousness.     See  also  Subconsciousness. 

Refer  from  Philosophy  ;  Psychology. 
Conscription. 

Refer  from    Drafting ;    Military  art    and 

science. 

Consecration.    See  Church  dedication. 
Conservation  of  energy.     See  Force. 


Con-Con]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Conservatories.    See  Greenhouses. 
Consolation. 

Refer  from  Affliction ;  Children ;    Death ; 
Devotional  exercises  ;  Ethics  ;  Religion ; 
Suffering. 
Conspiracies. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law  ;  History. 
Constables.     See  also  Arrest. 

Refer  from  County  officers  ;  Law  ;  Police. 
Constellations.     See  Astronomy  ;  Stars. 
Constitutional  law. 

Refer  from  Law;  U.  S.,  Constitution. 
Constitutions.     See  this  subhead  under  names 
of  countries,  states,  etc. ;  also  names  of 
societies,  etc. 

Consuls.     See  also  Commercial  law ;  Diplo- 
macy. 
Refer  from  Commercial  Law  ;  Diplomacy ; 

International  law. 
Consumption.     See  also  Lungs. 
Refer  from    Breathing ;     Chest ;    Lungs  ; 

Medicine,  practice  of;  Tuberculosis. 
Contagion.  See  also  Bacteria ;  Black  death  ; 
Cholera ;  Disinfection ;  Epidemics ; 
Fever ;  Fumigation ;  Germ  theory ; 
Plague ;  Putrefaction  ;  Quarantine  ;  Scar- 
let fever ;  Smallpox ;  Typhoid  fever ; 
Yellow  fever. 

Refer  from  Epidemics  ;  Hygiene,  public ; 
Infection ;  Medicine  ;  Pathology ;  Putre- 
faction. 
Contemporaries. 

Refer  from  Biography. 
Contentment.     See  also  Happiness. 

Refer  from  Ethics;  Happiness;  Pleasure. 
Contracts.    See  also  Assignments  ;  Bailments ; 
Debt ;    Deeds  ;    Insurance  ;    Mortgages  ; 
Partnership ;  Principal  and  agent ;  Sale. 
Refer  from  Agreements  ;  Commerce  ;  Com- 
mercial law  ;  Law ;  Principal  and  agent. 
Contusions.     See  Bruises. 
Conundrums.    See  Riddles. 
Conventions.     See  names  of  political  parties, 

denominations,  societies,  etc. 
Convents.     See  also  Abbeys;   Monasteries; 

Monasticism ;  Nunneries. 
Refer  from    Abbeys ;     Catholic    church ; 
Church  history  ;  Monasteries  ;  Monasti- 
cism ;  Nunneries  ;  Sisterhoods  ;  Woman. 
Conversation.     See  also  Table-talk. 

Refer  from  Conduct  of   life ;    Language ; 

Rhetoric ;  Self-culture  ;  Speech  ;  Talking. 

Conversion.     See  also    Christian    life;   Mis- 

49 


Con-Cor]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

sions;   Regeneration;  Repentance;  Re- 
vivals. 

Refer  front  Christian  life ;  Missions  ;  Re- 
generation ;  Repentance  ;  Revivals ;  Sal- 
vation; Theology. 
Conveyancing.    See  also  Deeds ;  Forms   (in 

law)  ;  Real  property. 

Refer  from  Commercial  law ;  Deeds ;  Forms 
(in  law)  ;  Law  ;  Property ;  Real  property ; 
Sale ;  Titles. 

Convicts.     See  Criminals. 

V/ Cookery.  See  also  Baking ;  Bread ;  Carving ; 
Coffee  ;  Confectionery ;  Cooking  schools ; 
Desserts  ;  Diet ;  Dining ;  Dinners ;  Do- 
mestic economy  ;  Food  ;  Kitchen ;  Pre- 
serving; Salads. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful;  Baking;  Bread; 
Carving  (meat,  etc.)  ;  Chemistry;  Des- 
serts ;  Diet ;  Dining ;  Domestic  economy ; 
Eating ;  Eggs ;  Food ;  Gastronomy ; 
Kitchen ;  Pastry ;  Preserving ;  Receipts  ; 
Salads  ;  Table,  the  ;  Vegetables. 
Cooking  schools. 

Refer  from  Cookery ;  Education. 
Cooperation.       See    also    Building    associa- 
tions ;       Communism ;      Profit-sharing ; 
Socialism ;  Trade-unions. 
Refer    from     Association ;      Commerce ; 
Economics  ;       Labor ;       Profit-sharing ; 
Socialism  ;  Sociology ;  Trade-unions. 
Cooperative      building     associations.       See 

Building  associations. 
Copyright. 

Refer  from  Authors ;  Books  and  reading ; 
Bookselling ;  Intellectual  property ;  Inter- 
national    copyright ;      Law ;      Literary 
property ;    Literature ;   Playright ;  Prop- 
erty ;  Publishing. 
Corn,  Indian.     See  Maize. 
Corn  laws. 

Refer  from     Agriculture ;     Economics ; 

Law ;  Tariff. 

Coronations.     See  also  Crowns. 
Refer  from    Crowns ;    Monarchy ;    Rites 

and  ceremonies. 
Coroners. 

Refer     from     County     officers ;     Death ; 

Law. 

Corporal  punishment.     See  also  Flogging. 
Refer  from  Education  ;   Flogging ;    Pun- 
ishment; Rod,   the;    Teaching;  Whip- 
ping. 
Corporations.     See  also  Bankruptcy ;  Bonds  ; 

50 


Cor-Cou]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Clubs ;     Investments ;     Municipal    cor- 
porations ;  Receivers  ;   Stocks ;  Trusts. 
Refer  from   Associations  ;    Bonds ;   Com- 
merce ;     Commercial    law ;     Joint-stock 
companies  ;  Law ;  Partnership ;  Societies ; 
Sociology  ;  Stock  companies  ;    Stocks. 
Corpulence. 

Refer  from  Fat ;  Food  ;  Obesity. 
Correlation  of  forces.     See  Force. 
Correspondence.      See     Commercial     corre- 
spondence ;  Letter-writing ;  Letters. 
Corsairs.     See  Pirates. 
Cosmetics.     See  also  Perfumery  ;  Toilet. 
Refer  from  Beauty,   personal ;  Costume ; 

Toilet. 

Cosmogony.     See  Universe. 
Cosmography.     See  Universe. 
Cosmology.     See  Universe. 
Cost.     See  also  Prices  ;  Value. 

Refer  from  Economics  ;  Value. 
Costs. 

Refer  from  Actions  at  law ;  Law. 
''Costume.      See     also     Arms     and     armor ; 
Bracelets  ;  Church  vestments  ;  Clothing ; 
Cosmetics  ;    Dressmaking ;    Fan ;    Fash- 
ion ;  Gloves  ;  Hats  ;  Head-gear ;  Hosiery ; 
Jewelry ;  Masks  ;  Millinery  ;  Perfumery ; 
Regalia ;  Shoes  ;  Toilet ;  Umbrella. 
Refer   from    Archaeology ;     Arts,     fine ; 
Beauty,    personal ;    Church    vestments ; 
Clothing ;    Dress  ;     Fashion  ;     History ; 
Manners      and       customs ;      Millinery ; 
Regalia;  Style;  Toilet;  Woman. 
Cottages.     See  also  Architecture,  domestic. 
Refer     from      Architecture,      domestic ; 

Rural  architecture ;  Villas. 
t/Uotton.     See  also  Dyeing ;  Textile  fabrics ; 

Weaving. 
Refer  from  Agriculture ;    Fibres ;    Textile 

fabrics ;  Yarn. 
Cough.     See  Bronchitis. 
Councils.      See    also    Church  history;    also 
names  of  places  at  which  councils  were 
held. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church ;  Church 
councils  ;  Church  history ;  Church  law ; 
Church  polity  ;  Fathers  of  the  church  ; 
Synods. 

Counterfeits.     See    also    Bank    notes ;    Im- 
posture; Money;  Paper  money. 
Refer    from     Bank     notes ;     Imposture ; 
Money. 


Cou-Cre]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Counterpoint. 

Refer  from  Composition,  musical ;  Har- 
mony ;  Music. 

Country  life.    See  also  Agriculture ;  Camp- 
ing ;  Gardening ;  Hunting ;  Outdoor  life  ; 
Pastoral  poetry ;  Peasantry;  Sports. 
Refer  from  Outdoor  life  ;  Rural  life. 
County     officers.       See      also      Constables ; 

Coroners ;  Sheriffs. 
Refer  from  Law ;  Local  government. 
Coup  d'etat.     See  France,  History, 
Courage.     See  also  Heroes. 

Refer  from  Ethics. 
Court  fools.     See  Fools. 
Courtesy.     See  Etiquette. 
Courts.      See  also  Chancery ;    Jurisdiction ; 

Law;  Moot  courts. 
Refer  from  Law. 
Courts  martial.     See  also  Military  law. 

Refer  from  Law ;  Military  law. 
Courtship.     See  also  Love  ;  Marriage. 

Refer  from  Love  ;  Marriage. 
Covenanters.     See  also  Church  of  Scotland. 
Refer  from    Church    history ;  Church   of 

Scotland ;  Presbyterianism.  _ 

Cow.      See    also    Butter ;    Cattle ;     Cheese ;  CtTVy-  (j-u-t/i  -CT 

Dairy;  Milk. 
Refer  from   Agriculture  ;    Cattle  ;    Dairy ; 

Domestic  animals ;  Milk. 
Cranes. 

Refer  from  Machinery. 
Craniology.     See  Skull. 
Crayon  drawing. 

Refer  from  Drawing. 

Creation.  See  also  Bible  ;  Earth  ;  Evolution  ; 
Geology;  God;  Man;  Religion  and 
science ;  Universe. 

Refer    from    Bible  ;     Earth ;    Evolution ; 
Geology ;  God  ;  Man  ;  Natural  religion ; 
Philosophy ;     Religion      and     science ; 
Theology ;  Universe. 
Credit.     See  also  Banks  ;  Money. 
Refer  from  Banks  ;  Bills  of  credit ;  Bills  of 
exchange  ;  Business  ;  Commerce  ;  Debt ; 
Economics ;  Finance ;  Money  ;  Specula- 
tion. 

Creeds.  See  also  Apostles'  creed ;  Athanasian 
creed  ;  Catechisms ;  Nicene  creed  ;  also 
names  of  sects. 

Refer  from  Belief;  Catechisms;  Church 
history ;  Church  membership ;  Church  of 
England  ;  Confession ;  Faith  ;  Symbolics ; 
Symbolism  (in  theology)  ;  Theology. 

52 


Cre-Cru]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Cremation. 
Refer  from  Burial ;    Burning  the    dead ; 

Death ;  Hygiene,  public. 
Crests.    See  Heraldry. 
Cribbage. 

Refer  from  Cards. 
Cricket.  • 

.  Refer  /h?wBallj  Games  ;  Sports. ___ 

'Crime.- — SetTafso  Brigands  ;  Capital  punish- 
ment ;  Criminal  law ;  Criminals  ;  Police ; 
Prisons  ;  Punishment ;  Reformatories  ; 
Robbers ;  Tramps ;  Trials ;  Woman, 

Law.  \)  ^L^M^uuUU       OXJ-Lx^A-^-UutxX 

Refer  from  Criminal  law ;  Criminology ; 
Dangerous  classes  ;  Ethics  ;  Felony  ;  Im- 
morality ;  Law ;  Police  ;  Political  science  ; 
Prisons  ;  Punishment ;  Sin  ;  Sociology  ; 
Vice. 

Crimean  war.     See  also  Russia  ;  Turkey,  etc. 
Refer  from    Eastern    question ;     Russia ; 

Turkey. 

Criminal  law.  See  also  Adultery ;  Arrest ; 
Assassination  ;  Assault ;  Bail ;  Burglary ; 
Capital  punishment ;  Conspiracies ; 
Crime  ;  Criminals  ;  Evidence  ;  Infanti- 
cide ;  Jury ;  Kidnapping ;  Law,  and 
references  under  that  subject ;  Murder ; 
Mutiny  ;  Pirates  ;  Prisons  ;  Prostitution  ; 
Punishment ;  Smuggling ;  Suicide  ;  Trea- 
son ;  Trials  ;  Woman,  Law. 
Refer  from  Crime  ;  Law  ;  Punishment. 
Criminals. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Convicts  ;  Crime ; 

Criminal  law ;  Law. 
Criminology.     See  Crime. 
Crises.     See  Panics. 

Criticism.     See  also  Arts,   fine ;    Esthetics ; 
Literature ;    Music ;   Rhetoric ;   also  the 
names  of  arts  and  literatures. 
Refer  from  Esthetics ;  Literature ;  Rhetoric. 
Croquet. 

Refer  from  Games. 
Cross.     See  also  Crucifixion. 
Refer  from  Christian  art  and  symbolism ; 
Crucifixion ;     Jesus    Christ ;     Legends ; 
Theology. 
Croup. 
Refer  from  Breathing  ;  Children,  Diseases; 

Medicine,  practice  of. 
Crowns.     See  also  Coronations. 

Refer  from  Coronations  ;  Regalia. 
Crucifixion.     See  also  Cross ;  Jesus  Christ. 
Refer  from  Cross  ;  Punishment. 

53 


Cru-Dai]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Cruelty.    See  also  Animals,  treatment  of. 
/     Refer  from  Ethics. 
^Crusades.      See    also    Children's     crusade; 

Chivalry;  Middle  ages. 
Refer  from    Chivalry ;     Church     history ; 
History  ;  History,  modern  ;  Middle  ages. 
Crustacea.  • 

Refer  from  Invertebrates  ;  Marine  zoology ; 

Zoology. 
Cryptogams.    See  also  Algae ;  Ferns  ;  Fungi ; 

Lichens ;  Mosses. 
Refer  from  Botany. 
Cryptography.     See  Cipher. 
Crypts.     See  also  Tombs. 

Refer  from  Church  architecture ;  Tombs. 
Crystallography.     See  also  Mineralogy. 
Refer  from  Chemistry ;  Mineralogy, 
v  Culture.     See  also  Civilization  ;   Education  ; 

Self-culture.  */ 

Refer  from  Civilization. ;  Education  ;  Ethics. 
Cuneiform  writing. 
Refer     from     Alphabet ;       Inscriptions ; 

Writing. 
Cupping.    See  also  Bloodletting. 

Refer  from  Bloodletting ;  Therapeutics. 
Curates. 

Refer  from  Clergy ;  Ministers  (of  the  gos- 
pel) ;  Priests. 
Curling. 

Refer  from  Games  ;  Sports. 
Currency.     See  Money. 
Currents.      See   Electric    currents ;    Ocean ; 

Winds. 

Curves.    See  also  Circle  ;  Conic  sections. 
Refer  from  Conic  sections  ;  Engineering ; 

Geometry. 

Customs.    See  Manners  and  customs  ;  Tariff. 
Cutaneous  diseases.     See  Skin. 
Cutlery.    See  also  Knives. 
Refer  from    Hardware ;    Knives ;    Manu- 
factures ;  Metal-work. 
Cycling. 
Refer  from  Bicycling ;  Locomotion  ;  Sports ; 

Tricyling ;  Velocipedes ;  Wheeling. 
Cyclones.    See  Storms. 
Cyclopedias. 

Refer  from_ Dictionaries ;  Encyclopaedias. 
Daguerreotype.     See  also  Photography. 

Refer  from  Photography. 
Dairy.      See  also    Butter;    Cattle;   Cheese; 

Cow ;  Domestic  animals  ;  Milk. 
Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Cattle  ;  Cheese ; 
Cow;  Domestic  economy;  Milk. 

54 


Dam-Dec]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Damages. 
Refer  from  Compensation  ;  Injuries  ;  Law ; 

DJETS.,*.  Ballet;  Balls. 
Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Balls  (parties)  ; 

Ethics ;  Etiquette. 

Dangerous  classes.     See  Crime  ;  Poor. 
Dark  ages.     See  Middle  ages. 
•Darwinism.     See  Evolution ;  Darwin,  C. 
Dates.    See  Chronology. 
Day  of  judgment.     See  Judgment,  day  of. 
Days.     See  also  Birthdays ;  Fasts  and  feasts  ; 

Holidays ;  Night. 
Refer  from  Time. 
Deaconesses. 
Refer  from  Church  polity ;  Sisterhoods ; 

Woman. 
Deacons. 

Refer  from  Church  polity ;  Clergy. 
Dead.     See  Death. 
Deaf  and  dumb.    See  also  Deafness ;  Sign 

language. 

Refer  from  Deafness ;  Dumb ;  Ear ; 
Education ;  Senses ;  Sign  language ; 
Speech. 

Deafness.     See  also  Deaf  and  dumb  ;  Ear. 
Refer  from  Deaf  and  dumb ;  Ear ;  Hear- 
ing; Medicine,  practice  of;  Senses. 
Death.     See  also  Autopsy;  Biology;  Burial; 
Consolation ;  Coroners  ;  Cremation  ;  Em- 
balming ;  Funerals  ;  Future  life  ;  Future 
punishment ;    Heaven  ;    Hell ;    Murder ; 
Purgatory  ;  Resurrection  ;  Suicide. 
Refer  from  Biology  ;  Dead ;  Ethics ;  Future 

life ;  Life ;  Theology. 
Death  penalty.     See  Capital  punishment. 
Death  rate.     See  Mortality ;  Vital  statistics. 
Debates.     See  names  of  legislative  bodies, 

etc.,  such  as  U.  S.,  Congress. 
t/Debating.       See    also    Elocution ;    Oratory ; 

Parliamentary  practice. 
Refer  from  Elocution ;  Oratory. 
Debt.     See  also  Assignments  ;  Bankruptcy ; 

Credit. 
Refer  from  Bankruptcy ;  Commercial  law ; 

Contracts ;  Law. 

Debts,  public.  See  also  the  division  Finance 
under  the  names  of  countries ;  Repudi- 
ation. 

Refer  from  Economics ;  Finance  ;  Repudi- 
ation. 
Decalogue.     See  Commandments,  ten. 

55 


Dec-Dem]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Decimal  system.     See  also  Metric  system ; 

Weights  and  measures. 
Refer  from  Arithmetic ;   Metric    system  ; 

Money ;  Weights  and  measures. 
Declamation.     See  Elocution ;   Readers  and 
/      speakers. 

•^Decoration  and  ornament.  See  also  Alpha- 
bets ;  Arabesque ;  Architecture ;  Arts, 
fine;  Bas-relief;  Book  illustration;  Bric- 
a-brac  ;  Bronzing ;  Cabinet  work  ;  Carv- 
ing ;  China  painting ;  Church  decoration 
and  ornament ;  Church  furniture  ;  Em- 
broidery ;  Enamel;  Fan;  Fancy  work; 
Floral  decoration  ;  Frescoes  ;  Furniture  ; 
Gems;  Glass-painting;  House  decora- 
tion ;  Illumination  ;  Jewelry  ;  Metal  work ; 
Monograms;  Mosaics;  Painting;  Pot- 
tery ;  Sculpture  ;  Tapestry ;  Terra-cotta  ; 
Vases  ;  Wall  decoration ;  Wood-carving. 
Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Arts,  fine  ;  Arts, 
useful ;  Bric-a-brac ;  Cabinet  work  ;  De- 
sign ;  Drawing ;  Fancy  work ;  House 
decoration  ;  Ornament ;  Painting ;  Wood- 
carving. 

Decoration  day.     See  Memorial  day. 
Dedication  of  churches.    See  Church  dedica- 
tion. 
Deeds.     See  also  Conveyancing. 

Refer   from     Contracts ;     Conveyancing ; 

Land ;  Law ;  Real  property. 
Deformities.     See  also  Monsters. 

Refer     from    Orthopedics ;     Physiology ; 

Surgery. 
Degeneration.     See  also  Evolution. 

Refer  from  Evolution  ;  Physiology. 
Deism.      See    also    Atheism ;     Christianity ; 

God ;  Theism. 

Refer  from  Atheism ;    God ;    Natural  re- 
ligion ;  Philosophy ;    Religion  ;    Skepti- 
cism ;  Theism  ;  Theology. 
Deluge,  the.     See  also  Bible. 

Refer  from   Bible ;    Earth  ;    Flood,  the  ; 

Geology. 

Delusions.     See  also  Apparitions  ;  Blunders  ; 
"Illusions  ;       Imposture  ;       Superstition  ; 

Witchcraft. 

Refer  from  Errors  ;  Hallucinations  ;  Hum- 
bug ;  Illusions  ;  Insanity  ;  Superstition. 
Demand  and  supply.     See  also  Competition  ; 

Exchange. 
Refer  from      Competition  ;     Economics  ; 

Exchange  ;  Supply  and  demand. 
Democracy.     See   also  Despotism ;    Federal 
government ;  Liberty  ;  Monarchy  ;  Politi- 

56 


Dem-Dia]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

cal  science ;  Referendum ;  Represen- 
tation ;  Republics ;  Suffrage ;  Town- 
meeting. 

Refer  from   Despotism  ;    Federal  govern- 
ment ;  Free  institutions  ;  Liberty  ;  Mon- 
archy ;  People  ;  Political  science  ;  Presi- 
dential government ;  Republics. 
Demonology.     See  also  Apparitions  ;  Devil ; 

Witchcraft. 

Refer  from  Angels  ;  Apparitions  ;  Devil ; 
Evil    spirits  ;    Ghosts  ;     Spirits  ;    Super- 
stition ;  Witchcraft. 
Denominations.     See  Sects. 

Dentistry.     See  Teeth.  JJ UfaJLJu^ 

Depravity.     See  also  Sin. 

Refer  from   Sin ;  Theology ;    Total    de- 
pravity. 
Dervishes.' 

Refer  from  Mohammedanism  ;  Religions. 
Descent.     See  Genealogy  ;  Heredity  ;  Primo- 
geniture, 
v  Deserts. 

Refer  from  Physical  geography. 
i/Design.     See  Arts,  fine  ;  Decoration  ;  Draw- 
ing- 
Despotism.     See  also  Democracy  ;  Liberty  ; 

Tyranny. 
Refer      from     Democracy ;      Monarchy ; 

Political  science  ;  Tyranny. 
Desserts.     See  also  Cookery. 

Refer  from  Cookery. 
Detectives.     See  also  Police. 

Refer  from  Police. 

Development.     See  Embryology  ;  Evolution. 
Devices.      See    also    Emblems;     Heraldry; 

Mottoes. 

Refer  from  Emblems  ;  Heraldry  ;  Mottoes. 
Devil.     See  also  Demonology. 

Refer  from  Demonology  ;  Satan  ;    Super- 
stition ;  Theology. 
Devotion.        See      Devotional       exercises ; 

Prayer ;  Worship. 

Devotional     exercises.       See     also     Church 
music  ;  Consolation  ;  Hymns  ;  Liturgies  ; 
Lord's  prayer  ;  Lord's  supper  ;  Prayers  ; 
Responsive  worship ;  Worship. 
Refer    from     Christian    life ;    Devotion ; 
Meditations  ;    Prayers  ;  Religion  ;  Wor- 
ship. 
Dew. 

Refer  from  Meteorology ;  Night ;  Water. 
Diagnosis. 

Refer  from  Clinical  medicine  ;  Medicine  ; 
Pathology ;  Surgery  ;  Symptoms. 

57 


Dia-Dis]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Dialects.      See  also   Americanisms ;    Slang. 

Refer  from  Language. 
Dialing.     See  Sun-dials. 
Dialogues.     See  also  Readers  and  speakers. 
Refer  from  Drama  ;    Literature  ;  Readers 

and  speakers. 
Diamonds.       See   also   Gems  ;    Mineralogy ; 

Precious  stones. 

Refer  from  Gems  ;  Mineralogy  ;  Precious 
/        stones. 

^Dictionaries.      For  dictionaries  of  any  lan- 
uage    or  subject  see  that  subject ;    also 
x       Classical  dictionaries  ;  Cycldpedias. 
•T)iet.      See   also   Beverages  ;    Cookery ;  Di- 
gestion ;    Food  ;    Hygiene  ;    Starvation  ; 
Stimulants  and   narcotics ;    Vegetarian- 
ism. 

Refer  from  Cookery  ;    Digestion  ;    Food  ; 
Hygiene ;    Invalids  ;    Nurses  and  nurs- 
ing ;  Therapeutics. 
Digestion.      See     also     Diet ;      Dyspepsia ; 

Stomach. 

Refer  from  Diet ;  Dyspepsia  ;  Food  ;  In- 
digestion ;  Physiology ;  Stomach. 
Dikes  (engineering).     See  Earthwork  ;  Em- 
bankments. 
Dikes   (geology). 

Refer  from  Dykes  ;  Geology. 
Dining.      See  also  Carving  ;  Cookery  ;  Din- 
ners ;  Drinking  customs  ;  Eating ;  Food  ; 
Toasts. 

Refer  from  Cookery  ;  Dinners  ;  Domestic 
economy  ;    Drinking  customs  ;    Eating ; 
Etiquette  ;  Food  ;  Gastronomy  ;  Meals  ; 
Table,  the. 
Dinners.     See  also  Dining. 

Refer  from  Cookery  ;  Dining. 
Diplomacy.     See  also   Ambassadors ;    Con- 
suls ;  International  law  ;  Treaties. 
Refer  from  Ambassadors  ;  Consuls  ;  Inter- 
national law ;  Ministers  (of  state)  ;  Po- 
litical science  ;  Statesmanship  ;  Treaties. 
Diplomatics.    See  Inscriptions  ;  Manuscripts  ; 

Writing. 
Directories.     See  names  of  cities,  countries, 

etc. ;  also  of  trades,  professions,  etc. 
Directory,  French.     See  France,  History. 
Disasters.     See  Accidents  ;  Fires  ;    Floods  ; 

Shipwrecks. 

Discoverers.     See  Discoveries  ;  Explorers. 
Discoveries  (in   geography).     See  also  Ex- 
plorers ;  Geography ;  Voyages. 
Refer  from  Adventure  ;  Discoverers  ;  Ex- 


Dis-Doc]  LIST  OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

plorers  ;  Geography ;  Heroes  ;  Voyages 
and  travels. 

Discoveries  (in  science).     See  Arts,  useful; 
x       Inventions  ;  Patents  ;  Science. 
VTHsease.     See  Pathology. 
Disestablishment.      See    also    Church    and 

state  ;    Church  of  England. 
Refer  from  Church  and  state ;  Church  of 

England;  Church  polity;  State  church. 
Disinfection.     See  also  Antiseptics ;    Fumi- 
gation. 

Refer    from     Antiseptics ;      Cleanliness ; 
Contagion  ;  Fumigation  ;  Hygiene,  pub- 
lic ;  Putrefaction. 
Dislocation.     See  also  Fracture. 

Refer  from    Bones  ;     Fracture  ;    Joints  ; 

Surgery. 
Dispensaries.     See  also  Hospitals. 

Refer  from  Hospitals. 
Dissection.     See  also    Anatomy ;    Autopsy ; 

Vivisection. 
Refer  from  Anatomy. 

Dissenters.  See  also  Brownists  ;  Church  of 
England  ;  Church  rates  ;  Congregation- 
alism ;  Friends,  society  of;  Noncon- 
formists ;  Nonjurors  ;  Presbyterian! sm  ; 
Puritans. 

Refer  from   Church    history ;    Church    of 
England  ;    Congregationalism  ;     Liberty 
of  conscience  ;    Nonconformists  ;    Puri- 
tans ;  Sects. 
Distillation.     See    also    Alcohol ;     Brandy ; 

Brewing ;  Liquors. 

Refer  from  Alcohol ;  Arts,  useful ;  Brandy  ; 
Brewing  ;      Chemistry  ;       Evaporation  ; 
Liquors  ;  Temperance. 
Distribution    of  animals    and    plants.       See 

Geographical  distribution. 
Divination.        See        also       Clairvoyance ; 
Dreams  ;  Fortune-telling  ;  Omens  ;  Palm- 
istry ;  Prophecies;  Second  sight. 
Refer    from     Augury ;     Fortune-telling ; 
Occult  sciences  ;   Omens  ;    Prophecies  ; 
Superstition. 
Diving.     See  also  Pearls  ;  Swimming. 

Refer  from   Baths   and   bathing ;    Swim- 
ming. 

Divinity.     See  Jesus  Christ ;  Theology. 
Divinity  schools.     See  Theological  schools. 
Divorce.     See  also  Marriage. 

Refer  from    Church    law  ;    Ethics  ;    Law  ; 

Marriage  ;  Sociology  ;  Woman,  Law. 
Docks.     See  also  Harbors  ;  Wharves. 
Refer    from    Commerce ;     Dry     docks ; 

59 


Doc-Dom]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Engineering ;  Harbors  ;  Hydraulic  engi- 
neering ;  Wharves. 
Doctors.     See  Physicians. 
Doctrines.     See  Theology. 
Documents.     See  under  name  of  body  issu- 
ing, as  U.  S.,  Congress;  Massachusetts, 
Labor  bureau,  etc. 
\  Dog.     See  also   Hydrophobia ;    also   names 

of  varieties  of  dogs. 
Refer  from  Domestic  animals  ;  Hunting ; 

Hydrophobia ;  Mammals. 
Dogmatic  theology.     See  Theology. 
Dolls. 

Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Toys. 
Domes. 

s  Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Roofs  ;  Vaulting. 
'Domestic  animals.  See  also  Barns;  Cage 
birds  ;  Cat ;  Cattle  ;  Cow  ;  Dog  ;  Domesti- 
cation ;  Hog  ;  Horse  ;  Ox  ;  Pigeons  ; 
Poultry ;  Sheep ;  Stables ;  Veterinary 
medicine  ;  Zoology. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Animals  ;  Beasts  ; 
Breeding  ;  Cattle  ;  Dairy  ;  Domestication  ; 
Horse  ;  Live  Stock  ;    Mammals  ;    Pets  ; 
Quadrupeds  ;  Stock  breeding  ;     Veteri- 
nary medicine ;  Zoology. 
Domestic    architecture.      See    Architecture, 
/        domestic. 

'Domestic  economy.  See  also  Arts,  useful ; 
Brewing  ;  Carving ;  Cleanliness  ; 
Cookery  ;  Dairy  ;  Dining  ;  Dressmaking  ; 
Family  ;  Fancy  work  ;  Food  ;  Fuel ;  Fur- 
niture ;  Gardening  ;  Guests  ;  Heating ; 
Home  ;  House  decoration  ;  Household 
pests  ;  Kitchen  ;  Laundry  ;  Needlework  ; 
Receipts  ;  Servants  ;  Sweeping ;  Venti- 
lation. 

Refer    from    Agriculture ;    Arts,    useful ; 
Cookery ;    Domestic    science  ;    Family ; 
Home  ;  Household  science  ;  Housekeep- 
ing ;  Kitchen  ;  Sweeping  ;  Woman. 
Domestic   education.      See    also    Children ; 

Education ;  Family. 
Refer  from   Education ;    Family ;    Home 

education ;  Parents. 
Domestic  relations.     See  Family  ;  Marriage  ; 

Master  and  servant. 

v  Domestic, science.     See  Domestic  economy. 
Domestication.      See  also  Animals,  training 

of;  Domestic  animals. 
Refer  from   Animals,    training    of;    Do- 
mestic animals ;  Zoology. 
Domestics.     See  Servants. 

60 


Dom-Dre]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Dominicans. 

Refer  from  Monasticism. 
Dominoes. 

Refer  from  Games. 
Doors.     See  also  Gates. 

Refer  from  Architecture. 
Doubt.     See  Belief;  Faith;  Skepticism. 
{  Drafting.     See  Conscription  ;  Drawing. 
Drainage.      See    also   Irrigation.       For   the 
drainage    of  towns    and    buildings,    see 
Sewerage. 

Refer    from    Agriculture ;     Engineering ; 
Hydraulic  engineering  ;  Irrigation  ;  Land- 
/     drainage ;  Sewerage. 

''Drama.     See    also    Acting;    Actors;    Act-  <j^~ O/C<A-*-   \    \D*JU&-\A+ 

resses  ;  Amateur  theatricals  ;  Charades  ; 
Dialogues  ;  Dramatists  ;  Masks  ;  Miracle- 
plays  ;  Opera  ;  Pantomime  ;  Tableaux  ; 
Theatre. 

Refer  from  Acting ;  Comedy  ;  Literature  ; 
Miracle-plays  ;  Plays  ;  Poetry  ;  Rhetoric  ; 
Stage  ;  Theatre  ;  Tragedy. 
Dramatists. 

Refer  from  Authors  ;  Biography  ;  Drama ; 

Poets. 

Draughting.     See  Drawing. 
Draughts.     See  Checkers. 
/Drawing.     See    also    Anatomy   for    artists ; 
Architectural       drawing ;       Caricature ; 
Charcoal    drawing ;     Crayon    drawing ; 
Decoration  and  ornament ;  Geometrical 
drawing  ;  Graphics  ;  Map  drawing  ;  Me- 
chanical drawing  ;  Perspective  ;   Projec- 
tion ;  Shadows  ;  Topographical  drawing. 
Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Design  ;  Drafting ; 
Draughting ;     Graphic     arts ;      Manual 
training  ;  Painting  ;  Perspective  ;  Sculp- 
ture ;  Sketching. 
Drawings. 

Refer  from  Pictures. 

Dreams.      See   also   Apparitions ;    Fortune- 
telling  ;  Nightmare ;  Sleep. 
Refer  from  Brain  ;  Divination  ;    Fortune- 
tellers ;  Fortune-telling  ;  Mind  and  body  ; 
Night ;  Nightmare  ;  Psychology  ;  Sleep  ; 
Somnambulism  ;    Superstition  ;  Visions. 
Dredging.     See  also  Marine  zoology  ;  Ocean. 
Refer  from  Engineering  ;  Marine  zoology  ; 

Ocean. 

Dress.     See   Clothing  ;  Costume  ;  Dressmak- 
ing. 
Dressmaking.     See  also  Needlework. 

Refer  from  Clothing  ;  Costume  ;  Domestic 
economy ;  Dress  ;  Needlework. 

61 


Dri-Dys]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Drill.     See  Military  art  and  science  ;  Tactics. 
Drinking   customs.     See  also  Dining ;  Eat- 
ing ;  Temperance ;  Toasts. 
Refer  from   Dining ;  Drunkenness ;  Eat- 
ing ;  Manners  and  customs  ;  Temperance. 
Drinks.     See  Beverages  ;  Liquors. 
Driving.      See  also   Coaching ;     Horseman- 
ship. 

Refer  from  Coaching  ;  Horse  ;  Horseman- 
ship ;  Riding ;  Sports. 
Drowning.     See  also  Accidents  ;  Life-saving. 

Refer  from  Accidents  ;  Life-saving. 
Drugs.      See    also    Adulterations ;    Materia 

medica ;  Pharmacy. 
Refer     from      Adulterations ;       Materia 

medica  ;  Pharmacy  ;  Therapeutics. 
Drummers.  See  Commercial  travelers. 
Drunkenness.  See  Drinking  customs ; 

Temperance. 
Dry  docks.     See  Docks. 
Dry-goods.      See    also   Clothing;    Hosiery; 

Textile  fabrics. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Textile  fabrics. 
Dueling.     See  also  Wager  of  battle. 

Refer  from   Ethics  ;    Fencing  ;    Manners 

and  customs. 
Duets. 

Refer  from  Music. 
Dumb.     See  Deaf  and  dumb. 
Dungeons.     See  Prisons. 
Duties.     See  Tariff. 
Duty.     See  also  Conduct  of  life  ;  Ethics. 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life  ;  Ethics. 
Dwarfs. 

Refer  from    Man  ;    Monsters  ;    Pigmies  ; 

Pygmies.  • 

Dwellings.     See  Architecture,  domestic. 
Dyeing.     See  also  Aniline  colors  ;  Bleaching; 

Calico-printing  ;  Cleaning  ;  Color. 
Refer  from  Aniline  colors  ;    Arts,  useful ; 
Bleaching ;  Chemistry  ;  Cleaning  ;  Color ; 
Cotton  ;    Pigments  ;    Scouring ;  Textile 
fabrics ;   Wool. 
Dykes.     See  Dikes  (geology)  ;   Earthwork  ; 

Embankments. 
Dynamics.     See  Force  ;  Matter ;  Mechanics  ; 

Motion ;  Statics. 
Dynamos.     See  also  Electric  motors. 

Refer  from  Electric  motors  ;   Electricity  ; 

Motors. 
Dyspepsia.     See  also  Digestion. 

Refer  from   Digestion ;    Medicine,    prac- 
tice of. 

62 


Ear-Ecc]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Ear.     See  also  Deaf  and  dumb  ;  Deafness  ;  £-O.»e/   W/CuuuiAsA-A 

Hearing ;  Sound. 

Refer  from  Anatomy  ;  Deafness  ;  Head  ; 
Hearing  ;  Senses  ;  Sound. 

Earth.  See  also  Antarctic  regions ;  Arctic 
regions  ;  Astronomy  ;  Creation  ;  Deluge  ; 
Earthquakes  ;  Geodesy  ;  Geography  ; 
Geology  ;  Latitude  ;  Longitude  ;  Meteo- 
rology ;  Mines  and  mining  ;  North  pole  ; 
Physical  geography ;  Tropics ;  Vol- 
canoes. 

Refer  from  Astronomy  ;  Creation  ;  Figure 
of  the  earth ;  Geodesy ;  Geography ; 
Geology  ;  Nature  ;  Physical  geography  ; 
Planets  ;  Universe  ;  World. 

Earthquakes.     See  also  Geology;  Volcanoes. 
Refer  from   Earth ;    Geology ;     Physical 
geography  ;  Seismology  ;  Volcanoes. 

Earthwork.  See  also  Embankments  ;  Forti- 
fication ;  Foundations. 
Refer  from  Dikes  (engineering)  ;  Dykes ; 
Embankments  ;  Engineering ;  Excava- 
tions ;  Fortification  ;  Foundations  ;  Rail- 
roads. 

Easements. 

Refer  from  Land  ;  Law  ;  Real  property. 

Easter.     See  also  Carols. 

Refer  from  Fasts  and  feasts  ;  Holy  week  ; 
Jesus  Christ ;  Lent. 

Eastern  churches.     See  also  Greek  church ; 

Nestorians. 
Refer  from  Church  history. 

Eastern  question.     See  also  Asia ;  Crimean 
war  ;  Russia  ;  Turkey  ;  and  other  eastern 
countries. 
Refer  from  History. 

Eating  (customs) .     See  also  Cookery  ;  Din- 
ing; Drinking  customs ;  Food. 
Refer  from   Dining ;   Drinking   customs ; 
Food  ;  Gastronomy  ;  Manners  and  cus- 
toms ;  Meals ;  Table,  the. 

Ecclesiastical.     See  Christian  ;  Church. 

Ecclesiastical  antiquities.  See  Church  an- 
tiquities. 

Ecclesiastical  architecture.  See  Church 
architecture. 

Ecclesiastical  art.     See  Christian  art. 

Ecclesiastical  biography.  See  Christian 
biography. 

Ecclesiastical  ceremonies.  See  Rites  and 
ceremonies. 

Ecclesiastical  costume.  See  Church  vest- 
ments. 

63 


Ecc-Edu] 


LIST    OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


Ecclesiastical   fasts   and   feasts.     See   Fasts 
and  feasts. 

Ecclesiastical  furniture.      See  Church  furni- 
ture. 

Ecclesiastical  history.     See  Church  history. 

Ecclesiastical  law.     See  Church  law. 

Ecclesiastical  polity.     See  Church  polity. 

Eclipses.     See  also  Astronomy  ;  Moon  ;  Sun. 
Refer  from  Astronomy  ;  Moon  ;  Sun. 

Eclogues.  See  Pastoral  poetry. 
/Economics.  See  also  Apprentices  ;  Banks 
and  banking  ;  Capital ;  Charities  ;  Com- 
merce ;  Communism  ;  Competition  ;  Co- 
operation ;  Corn  laws  ;  Cost ;  Credit ; 
Debts,  public ;  Demand  and  supply ; 
Exchange  ;  Factory  system  ;  Finance  ; 
Gilds  ;  Individualism  ;  Interest ;  Invest- 
ments ;  Labor ;  Land  ;  Manufactures  ; 
Money  ;  Monopolies  ;  Panics  ;  Poor ; 
Population  ;  Precious  metals  ;  Prices  ; 
Profit-sharing  ;  Property  ;  Rent ;  Social- 
ism ;  Speculation  ;  Statistics  ;  Stock  ex- 
change ;  Stocks  ;  Strikes  and  lockouts  ; 
Tariff ;  Taxation  ;  Trade-unions  ;  Trusts  ; 
Value  ;  Wages  ;  Wealth. 
Refer  from  Business  ;  Commerce  ;  Labor ; 
Political  economy ;  Political  science ; 
Prices ;  Science ;  Social  science ;  So- 
cialism ;  Sociology  ;  Tariff ;  Taxation  ; 

/       Wealth. 

v Education.  See  also  Agricultural  education  ; 
Art  education ;  Bible  in  the  schools ; 
Blind ;  Business  education ;  Charity 
schools  ;  Child  study  ;  Children  ;  Clas- 
sical education ;  Colleges  and  univer- 
sities ;  Compulsory  education  ;  Cooking 
schools  ;  Corporal  punishment ;  Culture  ; 
Deaf  and  dumb ;  Domestic  educa- 
tion ;  Ethics  ;  Examinations  ;  Grammar 
schools  ;  Gymnastics  ;  High  schools  ; 
Kindergarten  ;  Knowledge  ;  Libraries  ; 
Lyceums ;  Manual  training ;  Medical 
education ;  Memory ;  Military  educa- 
tion ;  Moral  education ;  Musical  educa- 
tion ;  Nature  study ;  Normal  schools ; 
Object-teaching ;  Physical  education  ; 
JP\ sychology ;  Public  schools  ;  Ragged 
schools  ;  Reformatories  ;  Religious  edu- 
cation ;  School-houses  ;  School  hygiene  ; 
School  music  ;  Schools  ;  Scientific  edu- 
cation ;  Self/culture  ;  Students  ;  Sunday 
schools  ;  teachers  ^Teaching  ;  Tech- 
nical education ;  Text-books ;  Theo- 
logical education  ;  University  extension  ; 


Edu-Ele] 


LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


Cell,  voltaic  ;    Pri- 


Woman ;  Young  people  ;  also  names  of 
studies. 

Refer  from  Children  ;  Civilization  ;  Col- 
leges and  universities  ;  Culture  ;  Domes- 
tic education  ;  Ethics  ;  Girls  ;  Knowl- 
edge ;  Learning  ;  Mental  discipline  ; 
Psychology  ;  Public  schools  ;  Schools  ; 
Self-culture  ;  Sociology  ;  Students  ; 
Teachers  ;  Teaching  ;  Training  ;  Young 
people. 
Eggs.  See  also  Birds  ;  Cookery  ;  Embryol- 

ogy ;  Poultry. 
Refer    from     Birds  ;      Nests  ;      Oology  ; 

Poultry. 

Eight  hour  day.     See  Hours  of  labor.          . 
Elasticity.     See  also  Strength  of  materials. 

Refer  from  Strength  of  materials. 
Election    (in    politics)  .      See    also    Ballot  ; 
Caucus  ;  Citizenship  ;  Minorities  ;  Repre- 
sentation ;  Suffrage. 
Refer   from    Ballot  ;     Caucus  ;     Political 

science  ;  Suffrage  ;  Voting. 
Election  (in  theology)  .     See  Predestination. 
Electric   batteries.     See  also   Cell,    voltaic  ; 

Storage  batteries. 
Refer  from  Batteries 

mary  batteries. 
Electric  bells. 

Refer  from  Bells. 

Electric  currents.     See  also  Electric  meas- 
urement ;    Electric   potential  ;    Electric 
testing  ;  Electric  transformers. 
Refer  from  Alternating  currents  ;  Currents  ; 
Electric  potential  ;  Electric  transformers. 
Electric  engineering.     See  also   Armatures  ; 
Electricity  ;    Telegraph  ;    also  headings 
beginning  with  Electric. 
Refer  from   Arts,    useful  ;    Engineering  ; 

Machinery. 

Electric  lamps.     See  also  Electric  light. 
Refer  from   Arc   lamps  ;    Electric    light  ; 

Incandescent  lamps  ;  Lamps. 
Electric   light.      See    also    Electric 

Electric  wires. 
Refer  from  Electric  lamps  ;  Light 

ing. 
Electric    measurement.      See    also    Electric 

testing  ;  Galvanometer. 
Refer  from    Electric   currents  ;    Electric 
testing  ;  Galvanometer  ;  Units  ;  Weights 
and  measures. 

Electric  motors.     See  also  Dynamos. 
Refer  from  Dynamos  ;  Motors. 


lamps  ; 
Light- 


Ele-Elo] LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Electric   potential.      See  also   Electric   cur- 
rents. 

Refer  from  Electric  currents ;    Potential. 
Electric      railroads.        See      also      Storage 

batteries. 

Refer  from   Railroads ;     Street-railroads. 
Electric  telegraph.     See  Telegraph. 
Electric  testing.     See  also  Electric  measure- 
ment. 
Refer  from    Electric    currents ;    Electric 

measurement ;  Testing. 
Electric    transformers.      See    also    Electric 

currents. 

Refer    from    Electric    currents ;     Trans- 
formers. 
Electric  waves. 

Refer  from  Waves. 
Electric  wires. 

Refer  from  Cables  ;  Electric  light ;  Tele- 
graph ;  Wire. 
Electrical.     See  Electric. 
Electricians. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Scientists. 
Electricity.      See    also    Animal    electricity ; 
Armatures  ;  Cell,  voltaic  ;  Commutators  ; 
Dynamos ;      Electrotherapeutics ;       In- 
duction coils  ;   Lightning ;    Magnetism  ; 
Medical  electricity  ;  Phonograph  ;  Tele- 
graph ;  Telephone  ;  X  rays  ;  also  head- 
ings beginning  with  Electric,  Electro. 
Refer  from  Electric  engineering  ;  Galvan- 
ism ;  Lightning  ;  Magnetism  ;  Meteorol- 
ogy ;  Physics  ;  Voltaic  electricity. 
Electrochemistry.       See    also    Electrometal- 
lurgy. 

Refer  from  Chemistry. 
Electromagnets.        See      also      Armatures ; 

Commutators. 
Refer  from  Magnetism. 
Electrometallurgy . 

Refer  from    Electrochemistry ;    Galvano- 

plasty ;  Metals. 
Electroplating. 

Refer  from  Plating  ;  Silverplating. 
Electrotherapeutics. 

See  Medical  electricity. 
Electrotyping. 

Refer  from  Printing. 
Elegiac  poetry. 
t  Refer  from  Poetry. 

vfelocution.  See  also  Debating;  Eloquence; 
Expression  ;  Gesture  ;  Orations  ;  Orators  ; 
Oratory  ;  Preaching  ;  Pronunciation  : 

66 


Elo-Eng]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Readers  and  speakers  ;  Rhetoric  ;  Ven- 
triloquism ;  Voice. 

Refer  from  Debating;  Declamation;  Elo- 
quence ;     Expression ;     Gesture ;     Lan- 
guage ;    Oratory  ;    Reading ;    Rhetoric ; 
Speaking  ;  Speech  ;  Voice. 
Eloquence.     See  also  Elocution  ;  Oratory. 

Refer  from  Elocution;  Oratory;  Rhetoric. 
Elves.     See  Fairies. 
Emancipation.        See      Catholic       church ; 

Slavery ;  Woman,  etc. 
Embalming.     See  also  Mummies. 

Refer  from  Burial ;  Death;  Mummies. 
Embankments.     See  also  Earthwork. 

Refer  from  Dikes  (engineering)  ;  Dykes ; 
Earthwork ;      Engineering ;      Hydraulic 
engineering ;  Rivers. 
Embargo  laws. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  International  law. 
Emblems.     See  also  Christian  art  and  sym- 
bolism ;  Devices  ;  Symbolism. 
Refer  from  Devices  ;  Literature  ;  Symbol- 
ism, 
^tmbroidery.     See  also  Needlework. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine ;  Decoration  and 
ornament ;  Fancy  work  ;  Needlework  ; 
Textile  fabrics. 

Embryology.     See  also  Biology  ;  Cells. 
Refer  from  Biology;  Cells;  Development; 
Eggs  ;  Evolution  ;  Morphology  ;  Physiol- 
ogy ;  Protoplasm ;  Zoology. 
Emergencies.     See  Accidents. 
Emigration.     See  Immigration. 
*  Emotions.    See  also  Ethics  ;  Pain  ;  Passions  ; 

Pleasure  ;  Psychology. 
Refer  from  Ethics  ;   Feelings  ;   Passions  ; 

Philosophy ;  Psychology. 
Emperors. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Kings  ;  Monarchy  ; 

Rulers ;   Sovereigns. 
Enamel. 

Refer  from   Arts,    fine  ;    Decoration  and 
/       ornament. 
Encyclopaedias..    See  Cyclopedias  ;  also  name 

of  subject  treated. 

Endless  punishment.  See  Future  punish- 
ment. 

Energy.     See  Force. 

Engineering.  See  also  Aerial  navigation ; 
Aqueducts  ;  Arches  ;  Architecture  ;  Arts, 
useful ;  Blasting  ;  Boring  ;  Breakwaters  ; 
Bridges  ;  Building  materials  ;  Canals  ; 
Curves  ;  Docks  ;  Drainage  ;  Dredging ; 
Earthwork  ;  Electric  engineering  ;  Em- 

67 


Eng-Epi]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

bankments  ;  Engineers  ;  Engines  ; 
Foundations ;  Geometrical  drawing ; 
Girders  ;  Harbors  ;  Hydraulic  engineer- 
ing ;  Irrigation  ;  Machinery ;  Masonry  ; 
Mechanical  drawing  ;  Mechanics  ;  Men- 
suration ;  Military  engineering ;  Mines 
and  mining  ;  Railroads  ;  Roads  ;  Sanitary 
engineering  ;  Statics  ;  Steam-engine  ; 
Strength  of  materials  ;  Subways ;  Sur- 
veying ;  Tunnels  ;  Walls  ;  Water-supply  ; 
Wells. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Building  ;  Civil 
engineering ;  Hydraulic  engineering ; 
Machinery ;  Mathematics  ;  Mechanical 
engineering ;  Mechanics ;  Military  en- 
gineering ;  Mines  and  mining ;  Rail- 
roads ;  Surveying. 

Engineers. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Engineering. 

Engines.     See  also  Air-engine  ;  Fire-engine  ; 
Fuel  ;        Gas-engine  ;      Locomotives  ; 
Pumps ;  Steam-engine. 
Refer    from     Engineering ;     Machinery ; 

Motors. 
.-        ;  '    L  l/vna  I  England,  church   of.     See  Church   of  Eng- 

"  /  Engravers.     See  also  Artists. 

Refer  from  Artists  ;  Biography. 
i/Engraving .     See  also  Arts,  fine  ;  Bank  notes  ; 
Book  illustration  ;  Engravings  ;  Esthet- 
ics ;    Etching ;     Gems  ;     Lithography ; 
Photo -engraving ;  Wood-engraving. 
.Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Arts,  useful ;  Book 

illustration  ;  Etching  ;  Graphic  arts. 
Engravings.     See  also  Etchings. 

Refer  from  Engraving  ;  Pictures  ;  Prints. 
Enigmas.     See  also  Riddles. 

Refer  from  Amusements  ;    Puzzles  ;  Rid- 
dles. 
Ensilage. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Silos. 
Enteric  fever.     See  Typhoid  fever. 
Entertainments.     See  Amusements. 
Entomology.     See  Insects. 
Environment.     See  also  Evolution. 

Refer  from  Evolution. 
Ephemerides.     See  Nautical  almanacs. 
Epic  poetry. 

Refer  from  Poetry. 
Epicureans. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;  Philosophy. 
Epidemics.     See  also  Black  death  ;  Cholera  ; 

68 


Epi-Est]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Contagion  ;   Fever ;  Plague  ;   Smallpox  ; 
Yellow  fever. 
Refer  from  Contagion  ;   Hygiene,  public ; 

Pathology ;  Plague. 
Epigrams.       See    also    Maxims ;    Proverbs ; 

Quotations  ;  Table-talk  ;  Toasts. 
Refer  from  Aphorisms  ;  Apothegms  ;  Lit- 
erature ;    Maxims  ;     Poetry  ;    Proverbs  ; 
Quotations  ;  Sayings  ;  Wit  and  humor. 
Epigraphy.     See  Inscriptions  ;  Writing. 
Episcopacy.     See  also  Apostolic  succession  ; 
Archbishops  ;  Bishops  ;  Catholic  church  ; 
Church  of  England  ;  Methodism  ;  Ordi- 
nation ;  Protestant  episcopal  church. 
Refer  from  Apostolic  succession  ;  Bishops  ; 
Catholic     church ;       Church      history  ; 
Church    of    England ;    Church    polity ; 
Methodism  ;  Protestant  episcopal  church. 
Episcopal  church.     See  Church  of  England  ; 
Methodist  episcopal  church  ;  Protestant 
episcopal  church. 
Epitaphs.     See  also  Brasses. 

Refer    from     Archaeology ;      Biography ; 
Burial ;  Cemeteries  ;    Inscriptions  ;    Lit- 
erature ;  Tombs ;  Tombstones. 
Equations.     See  also  Algebra. 

Refer  from  Algebra  ;  Mathematics. 
Equilibrium.     See  Statics. 
Equinoxes. 

Refer  from  Astronomy. 

Equity.     See  also   Actions    at   law ;    Chan- 
cery. 
Refer  from   Actions   at    law  ;    Chancery  ; 

Law. 
Erosion.     See  also  Glaciers  ;  Valleys. 

Refer  from  Geology  ;  Glaciers  ;    Physical 

geography  ;  Rivers  ;  Valleys  ;  Water. 
Erratics.     See  Boulders. 
Errors.     See   Blunders ;    Delusions ;    Proba- 
bilities. 
Escapes.     See  also  Adventure. 

Refer  from  Adventure. 
Eschatology.     See  Future  life. 
Esoteric  Buddhism.     See  Theosophy. 
I/Essays. 

Refer  from  Literature. 
Essenes. 

Refer  from  Jews  ;  Religions. 
Esthetics.     See  also  Art ;  Arts,  fine  ;    Criti- 
cism ;    Grotesque  ;  Landscape  ;    Music  ; 
Picturesque. 

Refer  from  Aesthetics  ;   Art ;  Arts,  fine  ;    . 
Beautiful,    the;    Criticism;    Engraving; 
Painting ;       Philosophy ;      Picturesque ; 

69 


Est-Eth]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Psychology ;        Rhetoric  ;      Sculpture ; 
Taste. 

Etching.     See  also  Engraving  ;  Etchings. 
Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Engraving. 

Etchings. 

Refer  from  Engravings  ;  Etching  ;  Pict- 
ures. 

Eternal  life.     See  Future  life. 

Eternity.     See  also  Future  life. 

Refer  from  Future  life ;  Philosophy ; 
Time. 

Ether.  See  also  Anesthetics. 
,  Refer  from  Anesthetics. 
V^Ethics.  See  also  Affliction  ;  Amusements  ; 
Animals,  treatment  of;  Capital  punish- 
ment ;  Celibacy ;  Character ;  Charity  ; 
Chastity ;  Children ;  Christian  life ; 
Civilization  ;  Commandments,  ten  ;  Com- 
promise ;  Conscience  ;  Consolation  ;  Con- 
tentment ;  Courage  ;  Crime  ;  Cruelty  ; 
Culture  ;  Dancing  ;  Death  ;  Divorce  ; 
Dueling;  Duty  ;*  Education ;  Emotions; 
Epicureans  ;  Etiquette  ;  Evil ;  Family  ; 
Fiction  ;  Friendship  ;  Gambling  ;  Girls  ; 
Habit;  Happiness  ;  v  Heredity  ;  Home; 
Interest ;  Law ;  Liberty ;  Liberty  of 
conscience  ;  Liberty  of  the  will ;  Lotter- 
ies ;  Love ;  Lying ;  Manners  and  cus- 
toms ;  Marriage ;  Moral  education ; 
Oaths  ;  Parents  ;  Passions  ;  Patience  ; 
Patriotism  ;  Peace  ;' Philosophy  ;  Pleas- 
ure ;  Political  science  ;  Poor ;  Progress  ; 
Religion  ;  Repentance  ;  Self-culture  ; 
Sin  ;  Slave-trade  ;  Slavery  ;  Sociology  ; 
Solitude  ;  Soul ;  Stoics  ;  Success  ;  Sui- 
cide ;  Sunday  ;  Swearing  ;  Temperance  ; 
Temptation  ;  Theatre ;  Truth  ;  Utili- 
tarianism ;  Virtue  ;  Vivisection  ;  Will ; 
vAVoman  ;  Young  men  ;  Young  people  ; 

Young  women. 

Refer  from  Character ;  Civilization  ;  Con- 
duct of  life  ;  Duty  ;  Education  ;  Emo- 
tions ;  Family ;  Immorality  ;  Life  ;  Man  ; 
Moral  philosophy ;  Natural  religion ; 
Philosophy ;  Philosophy,  moral ;  Psy- 
chology ;  Religion ;  Right  and  wrong ; 
Science  ;  Sociology  ;  Theology  ;  Vice  ; 
Virtue;  Will. 

Ethics,  practical.     See  Conduct  of  life. 

Ethnography.     See  Ethnology. 

I/Ethnology.     See  also  Archaeology  ;  Aryans  ; 

Cannibalism  ;  Climate  ;    Color  of  man  ; 

Consanguinity  ;    Evolution  ;     Folk-lore  ; 

Gipsies  ;  Indians  ;  Lake-dwellings  ;  Lan- 

70 


Eth-Exa]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

guage  ;  Man  ;  Mound-builders  ;  Mythol- 
ogy ;  Negroes. 

Refer  from  Anthropology  ;    Archaeology  ; 
Ethnography  ;     Geography  ;      History  ; 
/      Man  ;  Races  of  man  ;  Science. 
/Etiquette.      See     also     Dancing;      Dining; 

Letter-writing ;  Marriage. 
Refer  from  Behavior  ;   Ceremonies  ;  Con- 
duct of  life  ;  Courtesy  ;  Ethics  ;  Ladies  ; 
Manners  ;  Manners  and  customs  ;  Polite- 
ness ;  Self-culture  ;  Society ;  Sociology ; 
Usages ;  Woman. 
Etymology.     See  also  Names  ;  Words  ;    also 

names  of  languages. 

Refer  from  Grammar  ;  Language;  Words. 
Eucharist.     See  Lord's  supper. 
Euchre. 

Refer  from  Cards. 

Evangelists.     See  Apostles  ;  Bible  ;  Mission- 
aries. 
Evaporation.     See  also  Distillation. 

Refer    from     Chemistry ;      Meteorology ; 

Vapor. 

Evergreens.     See  also  Forestry  -,  Trees. 
Refer  from  Forestry  ;  Landscape  garden- 
ing ;  Trees. 
Evidence.     See  also  Certainty  ;  Logic. 

Refer  from    Actions    at     law ;    Circum- 
stantial evidence  ;  Criminal  law  ;  Faith  ; 
Law  ;  Logic  ;  Philosophy  ;  Proof ;  Testi- 
mony ;  Trials ;  Witnesses. 
Evidences  of  Christianity.     See  Christianity. 
Evidences  of  the  Bible.     See  Bible. 
Evil.     See  also  Sin  ;  Temptation. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;  Religion  ;  Temptation; 

Theology. 

Evil  spirits.  See  Demonology. 
VJL volution.  See  also  Biology;  Color  of 
animals ;  Color  of  flowers  ;  Creation  ; 
Degeneration  ;  Embryology ;  Environ- 
ment ;  Heredity ;  Man ;  Religion  and 
science ;  Species. 

Refer  from  Biology;  Botany;    Creation; 
Darwinism ;     Degeneration ;     Develop- 
ment ;    Environment ;    Ethnology  ;    Ge- 
ology ;    Heredity  ;    Man  ;     Materialism  ; 
Natural      history ;    Natural     selection ; 
Origin  of  species  ;  Philosophy  ;  Religion 
and  science  ;  Science  ;  Species  ;  Varia- 
tion of  species ;  Zoology. 
Ex  libris.     See  Bookplates. 
Examinations.     See  also  Civil  service. 

Refer  from    Civil    service ;    Competitive 
examinations  ;  Education  ;  Teaching. 


Exc-Eye]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Excavations.     See  Archaeology  ;  Earthwork. 
Exchange.     See  also   Demand  and    supply; 

Money ;  Stocks. 

Refer  from  Banks ;  Bills  of  exchange ; 
Business  ;  Cambistry  ;  Commerce  ;  Com- 
mercial law ;  Demand  and  supply ; 
Economics ;  Finance ;  Foreign  ex- 
change ;  Money ;  Negotiable  instru- 
ments. 
Excommunication. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Church  polity. 
Executive    power.      See     also     Monarchy ; 

Presidents. 

Refer  from  Political  science  ;  Presidents. 
Executors.      See    Administrators    and    ex- 
ecutors. 
Exercise.     See  also    Gymnastics;    Physical 

education ;  Training. 
Refer  from  Hygiene  ;  Physical  education  ; 

Therapeutics. 

Exhibitions.  See  also  Agricultural  exhi- 
bitions ;  Art  galleries  ;  Museums. 
Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Arts,  useful ;  Ex- 
positions ;  Industrial  exhibitions  ;  Inter- 
national exhibitions  ;  Museums  ;  World's 
fairs. 

Exorcism.     See  Witchcraft. 
Experiments.     See  Chemistry  ;  Physics,  etc. 
Explorers.      See    also    Discoveries ;    Geog- 
raphy ;  Travelers ;  Voyages. 
Refer  from  Adventure  ;  Biography  ;  Dis- 
coverers ;  Discoveries   (in  geography)  ; 
Geography  ;  Heroes  ;    Travelers  ;   Voy- 
ages and  travels. 
Explosions.     See  also  Boilers. 

Refer  from  Accidents. 
Explosives.     See  also  Blasting  ;  Guncotton  ; 

Gunpowder;  Torpedoes. 
Refer  from   Blasting ;    Chemistry ;    Gun- 
nery ;  Military  art  and  science  ;    Mines 
and  mining. 
Exportation.      See  also  Commerce;  Tariff; 

Transportation  (of  criminals) . 
Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Tariff. 
Expositions.     See  Exhibitions. 
Expression.     See  also  Anatomy  for  artists ; 

Elocution  ;  Physiognomy  ;  Rhetoric. 
Refer  from  Acting ;  Anatomy  for  artists  ; 

Elocution ;  Face. 
Eye.       See    also    Blind ;     Color-blindness ; 

Light ;  Sight ;  Spectacles. 
Refer  from     Anatomy ;     Face ;      Head ; 
Light;    Ophthalmia;     Senses;    Sight; 
Vision. 

72 


Fab-Fam]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

•tables. 

Refer  from  Animals,  legends  and  stories 

of;  Fiction;  Literature;  Parables. 
Face.     See  also  Color  of  man  ;  Expression  ; 

Eye  ;  Mouth  ;  Nose  ;  Physiognomy. 
Refer  from  Head. 
Facetiae.     See  Wit  and  humor. 
Factories.     See  also  Factory  system  ;  Mills. 
Refer  from   Arts,    useful ;    Manufactures  ; 

Mills. 

Factors.     See  Agents. 
Factory  system. 

Refer  from  Economics  ;  Factories  ;  Labor ; 

Manufactures. 
Faience.     See  Pottery. 
Fairies.     See  also  Fairy  tales. 

Refer  from  Elves  ;    Fairy  tales  ;  Goblins  ; 
/       Superstition. 
^Fairs. 

/  Refer  from  Amusements;  Commerce. 
VTairy  tales.     See  also  Fairies  ;  Folk-lore. 
Refer  from    Fairies  ;    Fiction  ;  Folk-lore  ; 
Legends ;        Literature ;        Mythology ; 
Stories. 

Faith.  See  also  Agnosticism;  Belief;  Cer- 
tainty ;  Creeds  ;  Evidence  ;  Justification  ; 
Religion  ;  Sects  ;  Skepticism  ;  Theology  ; 
Truth. 

Refer  from   Belief;    Certainty;    Christian 
life  ;     Doubt ;     Justification ;    Religion ; 
Theology. 
Faith-cure.    See  also  Christian  science ;  Mind 

and  body ;   Subconsciousness. 
Refer  from  Mind-cure  ;  Subconsciousness ; 

Therapeutics. 
Falconry. 

Refer  from   Birds ;    Fowling ;    Hawking ; 

Hunting;   Sports. 
Fall.     See  Autumn. 
Fall  of  man.     See  also  Sin. 

Refer  from  Bible  ;  Paradise ;  Sin ;  Temp- 
tation ;  Theology. 
Fallacies.     See  also  Logic. 

Refer  from  Logic. 
Falling  stars.     See  Meteors. 
Falls.     See  Waterfalls. 
Families.     See  Genealogy. 
'  Family.     See  also  Children  ;  Domestic  econ- 
omy ;     Domestic     education ;     Ethics ; 
Fathers  ;   Home  ;  Husbands  ;  Marriage  ; 
Mothers  ;    Parents ;    Widows  ;    Wives  ; 
Woman. 

Refer  from  Children  ;  Domestic  economy ; 
Domestic    education ;     Domestic    rela- 

73 


Fam-Fau]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

tions  ;  Ethics  ;  Family ;  Home  ;  Hus- 
bands ;  Man ;  Parents ;  Sociology ; 
Wives  ;  Woman. 

Family  prayer.     See  Prayer ;  Prayers. 
Famines.     See  also  Starvation. 

Refer  from  History  ;  Starvation. 
Fan. 

Refer  from    Costume ;     Decoration   and 

ornament. 

Fanaticism.     See  also  Persecution. 
Refer  from  Religion  ;  Theology. 
Fancy    work.       See   also   Artificial    flowers ; 
Decoration  and  ornament ;  Embroidery ; 
Knitting ;  Lace  ;  Leather  work  ;  Needle- 
work. 

Refer  from   Decoration    and    ornament ; 
Domestic  economy ;  House  decoration  ; 
Knitting ;  Needlework  ;  Woman. 
Farming.     See  Agriculture. 
Farriery.     See  Horse. 
Fashion.     See  also  Costume. 

Refer  from  Costume ;   Style. 
Fasting.    See  also  Asceticism  ;  Lent ;  Starva- 
tion. 
Refer     from    Abstinence ;      Asceticism ; 

Theology. 

Fasts  and  feasts.  See  also  Advent ;  Ash 
Wednesday ;  Christmas  ;  Easter ;  Festi- 
vals ;  Good  Friday ;  Holidays ;  Holy 
week ;  Lent ;  Sunday ;  Thanksgiving  day. 
Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Church  an- 
tiquities ;  Church  ceremonies ;  Church 
festivals ;  Church  of  England ;  Church 
polity ;  Days ;  Ecclesiastical  fasts  and 
feasts  ;  Feasts ;  Festivals ;  Holidays ; 
Protestant  episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. ; 
Religion ;  Religious  festivals  ;  Rites  and 
ceremonies. 

Fat.     See  Corpulence  ;  Oil. 
Fate.     See  also  Fortune-telling. 

Refer  from  Philosophy. 
Fathers.     See  also  Children ;  Parents. 

Refer  from  Children;  Family;  Husbands; 

Parents. 

Fathers  of  the  church.     See  also  Apocryphal  ^ju_  CJL>ji>A 
gospels  ;  Apostolic  constitutions ;  Apos- 
tolic fathers ;  Councils;  Saints. 
Refer  from  Apostolic  fathers  ;  Biography ; 
Catholic  church  ;    Christian  biography ; 
Church  fathers ;  Church  history  ;  Patris- 
tics  ;  Saints  ;  Theology. 
Fauna.     See  Zoology. 
Fauns. 

Refer  from  Mythology. 

74 


(n 


Fay-Fic]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Fayence.     See  Pottery. 

Feasts.     See  Fasts  and  feasts. 

Federal  government.     See  also  Democracy ; 

Republics ;  Secession. 
Refer  from  Democracy  ;  Free  institutions  ; 

Political  science ;  Republics. 

feeble-minded.     See  Idiocy.     S*x^  oJUo    W**1 

j 

Feeling.     See  Touch. 
Feelings.     See  Emotion. 
Feet.     See  Foot. 
Felony.     See  Crime. 
Female.     See  Woman. 
Fences.     See  also  Gates. 

Refer  from  Architecture. 
Fencing.     See  also  Dueling  ;   Sword. 

Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Military  art  and 

science  ;  Sports  ;   Sword. 
Fenians.     See  also  Ireland,  History. 

Refer  from  Secret  societies. 
Fermentation.     See  also  Bacteria. 

Refer  from  Bacteria ;   Chemistry  ;  Liquors. 
Ferns. 

Refer  from  Botany;  Cryptogams;  Filices. 
Ferries. 

Refer  from  Inland  navigation ;  Transpor- 
tation. 
Fertilization   of  plants.     See  also   Color   of 

flowers. 

Refer  from  Botany ;  Color  of  flowers  ;  Flow- 
ers; Insects. 
^Fertilizers.     See  also  Agricultural  chemistry ; 

Manures  ;  Phosphates. 
Refer  from   Agricultural    chemistry ;    Ag- 
riculture ;  Manures. 

Festivals.     See  also  Fasts  and  feasts ;  Holi- 
days ;  Pageants ;  Processions. 
Refer   from     Amusements ;      Fasts     and 

feasts ;  Religious  festivals. 
Fetishism.     See  also  Idolatry. 

Refer  from  Idolatry ;   Superstition  ;  Wor- 
ship. 

Feudalism.     See  also  Chivalry ;  Middle  ages. 
Refer  from  Chivalry;  Knighthood;  Land; 
Law  ;   Middle  ages  ;    Political   science ; 
Sociology;  Vassals. 

Fever.     See  also  Bilious  fever ;    Hay-fever ; 
Malarial  fever ;   Scarlet  fever ;  Typhoid 
fever;  Typhus  fever;  Yellow  fever. 
Refer     from      Contagion ;       Epidemics ; 

Pathology. 
•^  Fibres.     See    also    Cotton ;    Flax ;     Hemp ; 

Silk;  Textile  fabrics;   Wool. 
Refer  from  Hemp ;  Linen  ;  Textile  fabrics. 
•  Fiction.     See  also  Allegories  ;  Fables  ;  Fairy 

75 


Fic-Fir]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

tales ;      Historical     fiction ;      Legends ; 
Novelists ;  Romances. 
Refer  from   Ethics  ;   Literature  ;  Novels ; 
Romance  ;  Romances  ;  Stories. 

Fictitious  names.     See  Pseudonyms. 

Fiddle.     See  Violin. 

Field-sports.     See  Hunting ;  Sports. 

Fighting.  See  Boxing ;  Bull  fights ;  Gladi- 
ators ;  Military  art  and  science ;  Naval 
art  and  science  ;  Tournaments. 

Figure  of  the  earth.     See  Earth  ;  Geodesy. 

Figure  painting.    See  also  Anatomy  for  artists. 
Refer  from  Anatomy  for  artists  ;   Human 
figure ;  Painting. 

Filibusters.     See  Buccaneers. 

Filices.     See  Ferns.  • 

v  Finance.  See  also  Banks ;  Bimetallism  ;  ~^L  •  S  . ,'  H  i  S 
Bonds ;  Commerce ;  Credit ;  Debts, 
public;  Exchange;  Interest;  Invest- 
ments ;  Loans  ;  Money ;  Panics  ;  Prices  ; 
Repudiation  ;  Stocks  ;  Tariff;  Taxation  ; 
Wealth. 

Refer  from  Banks  ;  Bimetallism  ;  Bonds  ; 
Business  ;  Commerce  ;  Economics  ; 
Funds;  History;  Income,  public; 
Loans  ;  Money ;  Paper  money ;  Political 
science  ;  Revenue ;  Taxation  ;  Wealth. 

Finding  lists.     See  Library  catalogs. 

Fine  arts.     See  Arts,  fine. 

Finger  rings.     See  Rings. 

Finite.     See  Infinite. 

Fire.     See   also   Combustion ;    Fires  ;    Fuel ; 

Heat ;  Heating ;  Smoke. 
Refer     from     Chemistry ;     Combustion ; 
Heat. 

Fire-engine. 

Refer  from  Engines ;  Fires ;  Steam- 
engine. 

Fire-insurance.     See  Insurance. 

Fire-worshipers.     See  also  Parsees. 
Refer  from  Worship. 

Firearms.  See  also  Ammunition  ;  Arms  and 
armor  ;  Arsenals  ;  Artillery  ;  Gun  ;  Gun- 
cotton  ;  Gunnery ;  Gunpowder ;  Ord- 
nance ;  Pistol ;  Projectiles ;  Rifle ; 
Shooting. 

Refer  from  Ammunition ;  Arms  and 
armor ;  Gun  ;  Gunnery ;  Military  art  and 
science  ;  Ordnance ;  Projectiles  ;  Rifle  ; 
Weapons. 

Fires.      See    also    Chimneys ;     Fire-engine ; 

Insurance. 

Refer  from  Conflagrations ;  Disasters ; 
Fire ;  Life-saving. 

76 


Fir-Flo]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Fireworks. 

Refer  from  Pyrotechnics. 
I/Fish.      See    also    Aquarium;     Fish-culture; 

Fisheries ;    Fishing. 

Refer      from      Fisheries ;      Ichthyology ; 
Marine  zoology  ;  Vertebrates  ;  Zoology. 
Fish-culture. 

Refer  from  Fish  ;  Pisciculture. 
Fisheries.     See  also  Fish;  Fishing;  Seal. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Fish. 
Fishing.     See  also  Game  laws. 

Refer  from    Angling ;    Fish  ;     Fisheries ; 

Hunting ;  Outdoor  life  ;  Sports.  — /-] 

Flagellation.     See  Flogging. 
Flags. 

Refer  from  Banners  ;   Heraldry ;    Military 

art  and  science  ;  Signals  ;  Standards. 
Flats.     See  Apartment  houses. 
Flax.     See  also  Linen. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;   Fibres ;   Linen ; 

Textile  fabrics  ;  Yarn. 

Flight.     See  also  Aerial    navigation ;    Ani- 
mal locomotion ;  Birds ;  Wings. 
Refer  from    Aerial    navigation ;    Animal 
locomotion  ;   Birds  ;     Flying ;     Locomo- 
tion ;  Wings. 

Flogging.     See  also  Corporal  punishment. 
Refer  from  Corporal  punishment ;  Flagel- 
lation ;  Punishment ;  Rod,  the  ;  Whip- 
ping. 

Flood,  the.     See  Deluge. 
Floods. 

Refer  from   Disasters  ;    History ;   Inunda- 
tions ;  Rivers. 

Floors.     See  also  Carpets ;   Mosaics ;   Pave- 
ments ;  Sweeping. 

Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Carpentry. 
Flora.     See  Botany. 

Floral  decoration.     See  also  Church  decora- 
tion and  ornament. 

Refer  from  Church  decoration  and  orna- 
ment ;      Decoration      and      ornament ;     • 
Flowers. 

Floriculture.     See     also     Annuals ;     Bulbs ; 
Flowers ;      Gardening ;       Greenhouses ; 
Orchids ;  Window-gardening. 
Refer    from   Agriculture ;     Arts,    useful ; 
Botany ;    Flowers ;     Gardening ;    Horti- 
culture ;  Plants ;  Window-gardening. 
Flour. 

Refer  from  Bread ;  Food  ;   Manufactures  ; 

Wheat. 

Flowers.     See  also  Artificial  flowers  ;  Botany ;  -d~v>~t-*t^     ft^r^r—ouLi-A.  H*,\_  t^i  ^" 

Buds ;  Color  of  flowers ;  Fertilization  of 

77 


Flu-For]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

plants  ;  Floral  decoration  ;  Floriculture  ; 
Gardening;     Odors;     Orchids;     Wax 
flowers ;  Window-gardening. 
Refer  from  Botany ;   Floriculture  ;  Plants. 
Fluids.     See  also  Gases ;  Hydraulic  engineer-  ' 

ing;  Liquids;  Mechanics. 
Refer  from  Hydraulic  engineering;   Hy- 
draulics ;       Hydrodynamics ;       Hydro- 
mechanics ;      Hydrostatics ;       Liquids ; 
Mechanics ;  Physics. 
Fluxions.     See  Calculus. 
Flying.     See  Flight. 

Flying-machines.     See  Aerial  navigation. 
Fog. 

Refer  from  Meteorology  ;  Water. 
*/Folk-lore.     See  also  Fairy  tales  ;  Folk-songs ; 
Legends ;    Manners  and  customs ;   My- 
thology ;  Sagas ;  Superstition. 
Refer    from     Archaeology ;     Ethnology ; 
Fairy  tales  ;  Folk-songs  ;  Legends  ;  Lit- 
erature ;  Man ;  Manners    and  customs ; 
Mythology ;   People  ;    Sagas  ;    Supersti- 
tion ;  Traditions, 
r  Folk-songs.     See    also   Ballads  ;    Folk-lore  ; 

National  songs ;  Songs. 
Refer  from  Ballads  ;  Folk-lore  ;   National 

songs ;   Songs. 

Fonts.  See  Baptismal  fonts. 
V  Food.  See  also  Adulterations ;  Alcohol ; 
Animal  food ;  Beverages  ;  Bread  ;  Butter ; 
Cannibalism  ;  Cookery  ;v"xCorpulence ; 
Diet ;  Digestion  ;  Dining ;  Eating ;  Flour ; 
Fruit ;  Grain ;  Groceries ;  Hygiene ; 
Liquors  ;  Markets  ;  Meat ;  Milk  ;  Mush- 
rooms ;  Oyster ;  Stimulants  and  nar- 
cotics ;  Sugar ;  Temperance  ;  Vegetables  ; 
Vegetarianism . 

Refer  from   Adulterations ;    Analysis   of 
food  ;  Beverages ;  Cookery ;  Diet ;  Din- 
ing ;  Domestic  economy ;  Eating ;  Gas- 
tronomy ;  Meals ;  Table,  the. 
Fools.     See  also  Idiocy. 

Refer  from  Court  fools  ;  Jesters  ;  Wit  and 

humor. 
Foot.     See  also  Hosiery ;  Shoes. 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Feet. 
Football. 

Refer  from  Ball ;  Games  ;  Sports. 
Footprints,  fossil. 

Refer  from  Fossil  footprints  ;  Ichnology ; 

Paleontology. 
Force.     See  also  Mechanics. 

Refer    from     Conservation     of    energy; 
Correlation      of      forces;      Dynamics; 


For-Fre]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Energy ;  Kinematics ;  Kinetics ;  Me- 
chanics ;  Motion  ;  Philosophy ;  Physics  ; 
Power. 

Foreign  exchange.     See  Exchange. 
Foreign  missions.     See  Missions. 
Forestry.     See  also  Arbor-day ;  Evergreens  ; 
Grafting ;   Landscape  gardening ;   Lum- 
bering; Pruning;  Timber;  Trees. 
Refer     from     Agriculture ;     Arbor-day ; 
Arboriculture ;     Botany ;      Evergreens  ; 
Forests  ;  Gardening ;  Landscape  garden- 
ing ;    Lumbering ;     Planting ;     Timber ; 
Trees;  Wood;  Woods. 
Forests.     See  Forestry. 
Forms  (in  law) .     See  also  Actions  at  law ; 

Affidavits  ;  Conveyancing ;  Pleading. 
Refer  from  Actions  at  law  ;  Conveyancing ; 

Law ;  Pleading. 
Fortification.     See  also  Earthwork  ;  Gunnery ; 

Military  architecture. 

Refer  from  Architecture,  military;  Earth- 
work ;     Military    architecture ;    Military 
art  and  science ;  Military  engineering ; 
Sieges. 
Fortune-tellers.     See  also  Dreams. 

Refer  from  Book  of  fate. 
Fortune-telling.     See  also  Astrology ;  Clair- 
voyance ;    Divination ;    Dreams  ;    Palm- 
istry. 

Refer  from  Amusements ;  Cards ;  Divi- 
nation ;  Dreams ;  Fate  ;  Prophecies ; 
Superstition. 

Fossil  footprints.     See  Footprints,  fossil. 
Fossils.     See  Paleontology. 
Foundations.     See     also     Earthwork ;     Ma- 
sonry ;  Walls. 
Refer    from     Architecture ;     Earthwork ; 

Engineering ;  Masonry ;  Walls. 
Founding.     See  Casting. 
Foundlings.     See  also  Adoption. 

Refer  from  Children;  Orphans. 
Fountains.     See  also  Springs. 

Refer  from   Archaeology ;     Architecture ; 
Hydraulic   engineering ;     Water-supply. 
Fourth  of  July. 

Refer  from  Holidays  ;  Independence  day. 
Fowl.     See  Poultry. 
Fowling.     See  Falconry. 
Fracture.     See  also  Dislocation. 

Refer  from  Bones  ;   Dislocation  ;  Surgery. 
Franciscans.     See  also  Capuchins. 

Refer  from  Capuchins  ;  Monasticism. 
Free  agency.     See  Liberty  of  the  will. 

79 


Fre-Fri]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Free  churches. 

Refer  from  Church  polity  ;  Churches. 
Free  coinage.    See  also  Bimetallism  ;  Money  ; 

Silver. 
Refer  from  Bimetallism  ;  Coinage  ;  Money  ; 

Silver. 

Free    institutions.       See    also    Democracy; 
Federal  government;    Liberty;    Repre- 
sentation ;  Republics. 
Refer  from  Liberty ;   Political  science. 
Free  religion.     See  also  Free  thought ;   Lib- 
erty of  conscience;   Rationalism. 
Refer  from  Free  thought ;    Rationalism  ; 
Religion  ;  Religious  liberty ;  Theology ; 
Unitarianism. 

Free  schools.     See  Public  schools. 
Free  speech.     See  Liberty  of  speech. 
Free  thought.     See  also  Agnosticism  ;    Free 
religion  ;  Rationalism  ;  Religious  liberty ; 
Skepticism. 
Refer  from    Free  religion  ;    Rationalism  ; 

Religious  liberty ;   Skepticism. 
Free  trade.     See  Tariff. 
Free  will.     See  Liberty  of  the  will. 
Freedmen.     See  also  Negroes  ;   Slavery. 
Refer  from   Colored    people ;    Negroes ; 

Slavery. 

Freedom.     See  Liberty ;   Slavery. 
Freedom  of  the  press.     See  Liberty  of  the 

press. 
Freedom   of   the  will.      See  Liberty  of  the 

will. 
Freemasonry. 

Refer  from  Knights  templars  ;    Masons ; 

Secret  societies ;  Templars. 
Fresco  painting.  Sci  Frescoes. 
Frescoes.  See  also  Wall  decoration. 

Refer  from   Arts,    fine ;    Decoration    and 
ornament ;     Fresco     painting ;     House 
painting;  Painting;  Wall  decoration. 
Fret  cutting.     See  Wood-carving. 
Friars.     See  Monasticism. 
Friction. 

Refer  from  Machinery ;  Mechanics  ;  Phys- 
ics. 

Friendly  societies.     See  also   Building  asso- 
ciations ;   Insurance ;   Odd-fellows. 
Refer  from  Benefit  societies  ;  Insurance  ; 
Labor ;  Mutual  benefit  societies ;  Poor ; 
Societies ;  Sociology. 
Friends,  society  of. 

Refer  from  Congregationalism  ;  Dissent- 
ers ;  Persecution ;  Puritans  ;  Quakers  ; 
Sects. 

80 


Fri-Fut]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Friendship.     See  also  Love. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;   Love. 
Frost. 

Refer  from  Cold ;  Geology ;  Meteorology ; 

Water. 

Fruit.      See  also  Agriculture;    Gardening; 
Grafting ;   Grape  ;  Preserving ;  Pruning. 
Refer  from   Agriculture  ;     Arboriculture ; 
Botany ;    Food  ;   Gardening ;    Horticult- 
ure ;  Orchards  ;  Pomology ;  Trees. 
Fuel.    See  also  Coal ;  Gas  ;  Peat ;  Petroleum. 
Refer  from  Boilers  ;  Domestic  economy ; 
Engines  ;  Fire  ;  Heating ;  Manufactures. 
Fumigation.     See  also  Disinfection. 

Refer    from     Contagion ;      Disinfection ; 

Smoke. 

Funds.     See  Finance. 
Funerals.     See  also  Burial ;  Burial  service. 
Refer  from    Burial ;    Church    antiquities  ; 
Death ;    Manners    and   customs ;    Rites 
and  ceremonies. 

Fungi.     See  also  Bacteria ;    Mould ;    Mush- 
rooms. 

Refer  from  Agricultural  pests  ;  Botany ; 
Cryptogams  ;  Microbes  ;  Mould  ;  Mush- 
rooms ;  Mycology  ;  Parasites  ;  Pests. 
Furniture.  See  also  Beds  ;  Cabinet  work  ;  • 
Candlesticks ;  Chairs ;  Church  furni- 
ture ;  House  decoration ;  Lamps ;  Mir- 
rors ;  Upholstery ;  Wood-carving. 
Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Arts,  useful ;  Cabi- 
net work  ;  Decoration  and  ornament ; 
Domestic  economy ;  House  decoration  ; 
Interior  decoration  ;  Manufactures  ;  Up- 
holstery ;  Wood-carving. 
Future  life.  See  also  Annihilation  ;  Death  ; 
Eternity ;  Future  punishment ;  Heaven  ; 
Hell;  Judgment,  day  of;  Millennium; 
Purgatory  ;  Resurrection  ;  Salvation  ; 
Soul ;  Spiritualism  ;  Transmigration. 
Refer  from  Annihilation  ;  Death  ;  Escha- 
tology ;  Eternal  life  ;  Eternity ;  Future 
punishment ;  Hades ;  Heaven ;  Hell ; 
Immortality ;  Intermediate  state ;  Judg- 
ment, day  of ;  Life;  Man;  Millennium; 
Natural  religion ;  Philosophy ;  Proba- 
tion ;  Psychology ;  Purgatory ;  Religion  ; 
Resurrection  ;  Retribution  ;  Salvation  ; 
Soul ;  Theology ;  Universalism. 
Future  punishment.  See  also  Future  life ; 

Hell ;   Purgatory  ;  Universalism. 
Refer  from  Death  ;  Endless  punishment ; 
Future  life;  Hell;  Punishment;  Purga- 

81 


Gag-Gas]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

tory ;  Retribution ;  Sin  ;  Theology ;  Uni- 
versalism. 
Gaging. 

Refer     from      Gauging;      Mensuration; 

Weights  and  measures. 
Galleys. 

Refer  from  Punishment ;   Ships  ;   Slavery. 
Galvanism.     See  Electricity. 
Galvanometer.      See  also  Electric  measure- 
ment. 

Refer  from  Electric  measurement. 
Galvanoplasty.     See  Electrometallurgy. 
Gambling.     See  also   Betting ;    Cards ;   Lot- 
teries ;  Probabilities. 
Refer    from    Betting ,-     Cards ;     Ethics ; 

Games ;  Gaming ;   Passions  ;   Sports. 
Game.      See  also    Game    laws ;     Hunting ; 

Sports. 
Refer  from   Birds;    Hunting;    Shooting; 

Zoology. 
Game  laws.     See  also  Poaching. 

Refer  from    Fishing ;     Game  ;    Hunting ; 

Law ;  Poaching. 

Games.     See   also   Amusements;     Archery; 
Backgammon ;       Baseball ;       Billiards ; 
Bowling ;     Cards  ;     Checkers  ;     Chess ; 
Cricket ;  Croquet ;  Curling ;   Dominoes  ; 
Football;     Gambling;     Golf;     Kinder- 
garten ;     Patience ;     Solitaire ;     Sports ; 
Tennis;  Toys;  Whist. 
Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Plays  ;    Recre- 
ation ;   Sports. 
Gaming.     See  Gambling. 
yGardening.       See    also   Agricultural    pests ; 
Agriculture ;       Botany ;       Floriculture ; 
Forestry ;     Fruit ;      Gardens ;      Green- 
houses ;  Landscape  gardening ;   Shrubs ; 
Vegetables  ;  Weeds  ;  Window-gardening. 
Refer   from    Agriculture ;    Arts,     useful ; 
Botany ;  Country  life ;  Domestic  econ- 
omy ;     Floriculture ;     Flowers ;     Fruit ; 
Horticulture ;     Landscape     gardening ; 
Market   gardening;    Planting;    Plants; 
Shrubs  ;  Vegetables  ;  Vines. 
Gardens.     See  also  Botanical  gardens. 

Refer  from  Gardening. 
Gas.     See  also  Coal  gas. 

Refer  from  Chemistry ;  Coal  gas  ;  Fuel ; 

Gases ;  Lighting  ;  Manufactures. 
Gas-engine. 

Refer  from  Engines. 
Gases.     See  also  Gas. 

Refer  from  Chemistry ;  Fluids ;  Mechanics ; 
Physics  ;  Pneumatics  ;  Vapor. 

82 


Gas-Geo]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Gastronomy.    See  Cookery ;  Dining ;  Eating ; 

Food. 
Gates. 

Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Doors  ;  Fences. 
Gauging.     See  Gaging. 
Gazetteers.     See  Geography,  Dictionaries. 
Gearing. 

Refer  from  Cog-wheels  ;   Machinery. 
*^Gems.       See     also     Cameos;      Diamonds; 

Jewelry ;  Precious  stones. 
Refer    from    Archaeology ;     Arts,    fine ; 
Cameos ;     Decoration    and    ornament ; 
Diamonds ;   Engraving ;    Jewelry ;   Min- 
eralogy ;  Precious  stones. 
Genealogy.     See  also  Biography ;   Heraldry. 
Refer  from    Ancestry;    Biography;    De- 
scent; Families;   Heraldry;    Pedigrees. 
Generals.     See  also  Military  biography. 
Refer  from    Biography ;     Military    biog- 
raphy. 
Genius. 

Refer  from    Intellect ;    Philosophy ;    Psy- 
chology. 

Geodesy.     See  also  Earth  ;  Pendulum  ;  Sur- 
veying. 

Refer  from  Earth ;  Figure  of  the  earth ; 
Mathematics  ;  Mensuration  ;  Surveying ; 
Trigonometry. 
Geographical   distribution    of   animals    and 

plants. 
Refer    from      Botany ;     Distribution     of 

animals  and  plants  ;  Zoology. 
Geographical    names.       See    Names     (geo- 
graphical) . 
Geographical    societies.       See    also    Alpine 

clubs. 

r  Refer  from  Alpine  clubs  ;   Societies.  Q(AJL^ 

vGeography.  See  also  Arctic  regions ;  At- 
lases ;  Boundaries  ;  Discoveries  ;  Earth  ; 
Ethnology  ;  Explorers  ;  Globes  ;  Islands  ; 
Latitude  ;  Longitude ;  Map  drawing ; 
Maps  ;  Names  (geographical)  ;  Physical 
geography  ;  Surveying  ;  Tropics  ;  Voy- 
ages and  travels. 

Refer  from  Ancient  geography  ;  Atlases  ; 
Discoveries  (in  geography)  ;  Earth ; 
Explorers ;  History ;  Physical  geog- 
raphy;  Science;  Topography;  Voyages 
and  travels. 
Geography,  Dictionaries. 

Refer  from  Gazetteers. 
Geology.    See  also  Boulders  ;  Coal ;  Creation  ; 
Deluge;    Dikes;    Earth;   Earthquakes; 
Erosion  ;    Evolution  ;    Frost ;    Glaciers ; 

83 


Geo-Gir]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Man;  Metals;  Mineralogy;  Mines  and 
mining ;  Moraines ;  Mountains  ;  Paleon- 
tology ;  Peat ;  Petroleum ;  Physical 
geography ;  Rocks ;  Soils ;  Stone ;  Vol- 
canoes. 

Refer  from  Creation ;  Earth ;  Earth- 
quakes ;  Mineralogy ;  Mountains  ;  Nat- 
ural history ;  Paleontology ;  Physical 
geography ;  Physical  geology ;  Phys- 
iography ;  Rocks ;  Science. 
Geometrical  drawing.  See  also  Graphics ; 
Mechanical  drawing ;.  Perspective  ;  Pro- 
jection. 

Refer  from  Drawing ;    Engineering ;    Ge- 
ometry ;  Graphics ;  Mathematical  draw- 
ing; Mechanical  drawing;  Projection. 
•^Geometry.     See  also  Axioms  ;  Circle  ;  Conic 
sections ;  Curves  ;  Geometrical  drawing ; 
Mathematics  ;  Mensuration  ;  Perspective  ; 
Quaternions ;  Trigonometry. 
Refer  from  Analytical    geometry ;    Conic 
sections ;    Mathematics ;    Stereography ; 
Trigonometry. 
Germ  theory.     See  also  Bacteria. 

Refer  from   Bacteria ;  Contagion ;   Medi- 
cine ;  Pathology. 
Gesture.     See  also  Elocution ;    Pantomime  ; 

Sign  language. 

Refer  from  Elocution ;   Oratory ;    Panto- 
mime. 
Geysers.     See  also  Springs. 

Refer  from  Physical  geography;  Springs. 
Ghosts.     See  also  Apparitions  ;  Demonology. 
Refer  from  Apparitions  ;    Hallucinations  ; 
Illusions;     Spectres;     Spirits;     Super- 
stition. 
Giants. 

Refer  from  Man ;  Monsters. 
Gilding. 

Refer  from  Arts,    useful ;    Goldsmithing ; 

Painting,  mechanical ;  Plating. 
Gilds.     See  also  Trade-unions. 

Refer  from     Associations ;     Economics ; 
Guilds  ;  Labor ;  Local  government ;  So- 
cieties ;  Sociology ;  Trade-unions. 
Gipsies. 

Refer  from  Ethnology  ;  Gypsies. 
Girders.     See  also  Bridges  ;  Roofs  ;  Trusses. 
Refer  from  Architecture ;   Bridges  ;  Engi- 
neering ;  Roofs  ;   Strength  of  materials  ; 
Trusses. 
•Girls.  —See     also     Children  ;      Education  ;  '•-         *      ^17       " 

Woman  ;  Young  women.  ^ 

Refer  from   Children:    Conduct   of  life; 

84 


Gla-Goo]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Ethics  ;  Woman  ;  Young  people  ;  Young 
women. 
Glaciers.     See  also  Boulders  ;  Erosion  ;  Ice  ; 

Moraines. 

Refer  from  Boulders  ;  Erosion  ;  Geology  ; 
Ice ;    Moraines ;    Physical    geography ; 
Water. 
Gladiators. 

Refer  from  Amphitheatres  ;  Fighting. 
Glass. 

Refer    from     Annealing ;     Archaeology ; 
Arts,  fine  ;  Arts,  useful ;  Manufactures  ; 
Windows. 
Glass-painting. 

Refer  from   Arts,    fine ;    Decoration   and 
ornament ;     Painted     glass ;     Painting ; 
Stained  glass  ;  Windows. 
Glees.     See  also  Songs. 

Refer  from  Musjc  ;  Songs. 
Globes.     See  also  Astronomy. 

Refer     from      Astronomy ;      Geography ; 

Maps. 
Gloves. 

Refer  from  Costume  ;  Hand. 
Glue. 

Refer  from  Cement ;  Manufactures. 
Goblins.     See  Fairies. 

God.  See  also  Atheism;  Bible;  Creation; 
Deism  ;  Holy  spirit ;  Idolatry ;  Jesus 
Christ ;  Monotheism  ;  Mythology  ;  Nat- 
ural religion  ;  Pantheism  ;  Polytheism  ; 
Religion  ;  Theism  ;  Theology ;  Trinity. 
Refer  from  Atheism  ;  Bible ;  Christianity ; 
Creation  ;  s  Deism  ;  Natural  religion ; 
Pantheism  ;  Philosophy ;  Religion ;  The- 
ism ;  Theodicy ;  Theology ;  Trinity. 
Gold.  See  also  Alchemy;  Bimetallism; 
Coins  and  medals ;  Goldsmithing ; 
Jewelry ;  Mines  and  mining ;  Money ; 
Precious  metals. 

Refer  from  Bimetallism  ;  Metals  ;  Mines 
and  mining ;  Money ;  Precious  metals ; 
Specie. 

Golden  fleece.     See  Argonauts. 
Goldsmithing.     See  also   Gilding;  Jewelry; 

Plate. 
Refer  from   Arts,    fine  ;    Gold  ;  Jewelry ; 

Metal-work ;  Plate. 
Golf. 

Refer  from  Games  ;  Sports. 
Good  Friday. 

Refer  from  Fasts  and  feasts  ;  Holy  week ; 
Lent. 

85 


Gor-Gri]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Gorilla. 

Refer  from  Apes  ;  Mammals  ;  Monkeys ; 

Zoology. 
Gothic   architecture.     See  also   Cathedrals ; 

Church  architecture. 

Refer  from  Architecture ;    Church  archi- 
tecture. 

Government.     See  Political  science. 
Governors. 

Refer  from  Biography. 
Grafting. 

Refer  from  Forestry ;  Fruit ;  Trees. 
Grain.     See  also  Wheat. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;   Breadstuff's  ;  Ce- 
reals ;  Food ;  Wheat. 
Graining.     See  also  Painting,  mechanical. 

Refer  from  Painting,  mechanical. 
Grammar.     See  also   Etymology ;    Prosody. 
For  the  Grammar  of  any  language  see 
its  name. 

Refer  from  Accidence  ;  Language  ;  Words. 
Grammar  schools. 

Refer  from  Education  ;  Schools. 
Grangers. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Commerce  ;   Mo- 
nopolies ;  Patrons  of  husbandry. 
Grape.     See  also  Wine. 

Refer  from    Agriculture ;     Fruit ;    Vine ; 

Vines ;  Wine. 
Graphic   arts.      See   Arts,    fine ;     Drawing ; 

Engraving ;   Painting. 
Graphics.     See   also   Geometrical    drawing ; 

Mechanical  drawing. 

Refer  from  Drawing ;   Geometrical  draw- 
ing ;  Mechanical  drawing. 
»/ Grasses 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Botany. 
Graveyards.     See  Cemeteries. 
Gravitation.     See  also  Astronomy  ;  Physics  ; 
Specific  gravity ;  Weights  and  measures. 
Refer  from  Astronomy  ;  Physics;  Specific 

gravity  ;  Weights  and  measures. 

Greek  church.     See  also  Church  history.  Cv\-LL<k,     CV<X/W< 

Refer  from    Catholic     church ;     Church  v\ 

history ;     Eastern    churches ;     Russian 
church. 
Greenbacks.     See  also  Paper  money;  U.  S., 

Finance. 

Refer  from  Money  ;  Paper  money. 
Greenhouses. 

Refer   from    Agriculture ;    Architecture ; 
Conservatories  ;    Floriculture  ;    Garden- 
ing ;  Hothouses. 
Grippe,  la.     See  Influenza. 


Gro-Hab]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Groceries. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Food. 
Grotesque. 

Refer  from  Esthetics. 
Grottoes.     See  Caves. 

Guaranties    and    sureties.      See   also    Bail- 
ments ;   Bonds. 
Refer  from  Law ;  Sureties. 
Guardians.      See   also    Administrators    and 

executors ;  Adoption. 
Refer   from    Adoption ;     Law ;     Wards ; 

Wills. 
Guests. 

Refer  from  Domestic  economy. 
Guide-books.     See  names  of  countries   and 

places. 

Guilds.     See  Gilds. 
Guillotine. 

Refer  from  Capital  punishment ;  Punish- 
ment. 

Gun.       See    also    Ammunition ;     Artillery ; 
Bayonet ;    Firearms  ;     Gunnery ;     Ord- 
nance ;  Rifle. 
Refer  from  Arms  and  armor  ;   Firearms  ; 

Gunnery ;   Hunting ;  Rifle ;   Shooting. 
Guncotton. 

Refer  from  Explosives  ;  Firearms. 
Gunnery.     See  also  Ammunition  ;   Artillery  ; 
Explosives ;      Firearms ;     Gun ;      Gun- 
powder ;  Ordnance  ;  Projectiles  ;  Shoot- 
ing. 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor ;  Artillery ; 
Firearms ;   Fortification  ;  Gun  ;    Military 
art  and  science  ;  Ordnance  ;  Projectiles  ; 
Shooting. 
Gunpowder. 

Refer  from    Ammunition  ;      Explosives ; 
Firearms  ;  Gunnery  ;  Ordnance  ;  Powder. 
Gutta-percha.     See  also  India-rubber. 

Refer  from  India-rubber;   Manufactures. 
Gymnastics.     See  also    Physical   education; 
Sports ;  also  the  references  under  these 
headings. 

Refer  from  Athletics  ;  Calisthenics  ;  Edu- 
cation ;  Exercise  ;  Hygiene  ;  Manly  ex- 
ercise ;  Physical  education  ;  Recreation  ; 
Sports ;  Training. 

Gynecology.     See  Woman,  Diseases. 
Gypsies.     See  Gipsies. 
Habeas  corpus.     See  also  Martial  law. 

Refer  from  Law  ;  Martial  law. 
Habit.     See  also  Instinct ;  Lefthandedness. 
Refer  from    Conduct    of    life ;     Ethics ; 
Philosophy. 

87 


Had-Hea]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Hades.     See  Future  life  ;  Hell. 
Hail. 

Refer  from  Meteorology  ;  Water. 
Hair.     See  also  Baldness. 

Refer  from  Baldness  ;  Head  ;   Pathology. 
Hallucinations.    See  Apparitions  ;  Delusions  ; 

Ghosts  ;  Illusions  ;  Insanity. 
Hand.     See  also   Gloves  ;    Lefthandedness  ; 

Palmistry. 

Refer  from  Anatomy. 
Handrailing. 

Refer    from     Architecture;      Carpentry; 

Stair-building. 

Handwriting.     See    Autographs ;     Penman- 
ship. 

Hanging.     See  also  Capital  punishment. 
Refer  from  Capital  punishment ;  Punish- 
ment. 

Happiness.     See  also  Contentment ;  Pleasure. 
Refer  from  Contentment ;  Ethics  ;  Pleas- 
ure. 
Harbors.     See    also    Breakwaters ;    Docks ; 

Wharves. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Docks;  Engineer- 
ing ;  Hydraulic  engineering ;  Navigation ; 
Ports. 
Hardware.     See  also  Cutlery  ;  Keys  ;  Knives  ; 

Locks ;  Metal-work. 

Refer  from  Architecture ;  Commerce ; 
Iron ;  Manufactures  ;  Metal-work ; 
Metals. 

•/Harmony.     See  also   Counterpoint ;    Music. 
Refer  from  Composition,  musical;  Music; 

Thorough-bass. 
Harness. 

Refer  from   Horse ;    Leather ;    Manufact- 
ures ;   Saddlery. 
Hats.     See  also  Head-gear ;  Millinery. 

Refer  from  Costume  ;   Head-gear ;   Manu- 
factures ;   Millinery. 
Hawking.     See  Falconry. 
Hay-fever. 

Refer  from  Autumnal   catarrh  ;  Catarrh  ; 

Fever ;  Medicine,  practice  of. 
Head.     See  also  Baldness  ;  Brain  ;  Ear ;  Eye  ; 
Face ;  Hair ;  Headache ;  Mouth  ;  Nose ; 
Phrenology;   Physiognomy;   Skull. 
Refer  from  Anatomy ;   Skull. 
Headache. 

Refer  from  Head  ;  Medicine,  practice  of; 

Nervous  system. 

Head-gear.     See  also  Hats ;   Helmets  ;  Mil- 
linery. 
Refer  from  Costume;  Hats;  Millinery. 


Hea-Her]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Health.     See  Hygiene. 
Health  resorts. 

Refer  from  Hygiene  ;  Invalids. 
Hearing.     See  also  Deafness  ;  Ear. 

Refer  from  Ear ;   Senses. 
Heart.     See  also  Blood. 

Refer  from    Anatomy ;     Blood ;     Chest. 
Heat.     See  also   Animal  heat ;   Cold  ;  Com- 
bustion;    Fire;     Heating;     Radiation; 
Steam;   Sun;  Temperature;  Thermom- 
eter. 

Refer  from  Caloric ;  Cold  ;  Fire  ;  Heating; 
Meteorology  ;Physics  ; Radiation ; Steam- 
engine  ;       Temperature ;        Thermody- 
namics. 
Heating.     See  also  Chimneys  ;   Fuel ;   Heat ; 

Steam  heating  ;  Stoves  ;  Ventilation. 
Refer    from     Architecture ;      Chimneys ; 
Domestic      economy ;      Fire ;       Heat ; 
Sanitary   engineering  ;    Steam   heating ; 
Stoves  ;  Ventilation  ;  Warming  ;  Water. 
Heatstroke. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of;  Sun- 
stroke. 

Heaven.     See  also  Angels  ;  Future  life. 
Refer  from  Death  ;    Future   life  ;    Retri- 
bution ;  Theology. 
Heavens.     See  Astronomy. 
Heliotypes.     See  also  Photo-engraving,  etc. 
Refer  from   Photo-engraving,  etc.  ;   Pho- 
tography ;  Pictures.  * 
Hell.     See  also  Future  life ;  Future  punish- 
ment. 

Refer  from   Death ;    Future   life ;  Future 
punishment ;        Hades ;       Retribution ; 
Theology. 
Helmets. 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor ;  Head-gear. 
Hemorrhage. 

Refer  from  Blood;  Pathology. 
Hemp.     See  also  Fibres  ;  Rope. 

Refer  from  Fibres ;  Linen  ;  Rope  ;  Yarn. 
Hens.     See  Poultry. 

Heraldry.  See  also  Arms  and  armor ; 
Chivalry  ;  Devices  ;  Flags  ;  Genealogy ; 
Peerage. 

Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Arms,  coats  of; 
Biography  ;  Chivalry ;  Coats  of  arms : 
Crests  ;  Devices  ;  Genealogy ;  History ; 
Knighthood  ;  Nobility ;  Pedigrees ;  Peer- 

/       a?e'  ^ 

>  Heredity.     See  <z/.y0 Biology ;  Evolution. 

Refer  from  Ancestry ;  Biology ;  Children ; 
Descent ;  Ethics  ;  Evolution ;  Inheritance 

89 


Her-His]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

(biology)  ;    Man  ;    Medicine ;   Parents  ; 
Physiology ;  Psychology  ;  Zoology. 
Heresy.     See  also    Inquisition ;    Liberty   of 

conscience  ;  Martyrs  ;  Persecution. 
Refer  from   Church    history;    Liberty   of 

conscience ;  Theology. 
Hermeneutics.     See  Bible. 
Hermetic  art.     See  Alchemy ;  Astrology. 
Hermits.     See  also  Asceticism. 
Refer  from  Asceticism ;   Christian   biog- 
raphy ;  Monks ;  Solitude. 
Heroes.     See  also  Adventure  ;  Discoveries  ; 
Explorers ;  Martyrs  ;  Missionaries  ;  My- 
thology ;  Saints. 
Refer    from      Adventure;       Biography; 

Courage. 

Herpetology.     See  Reptiles. 
Hieroglyphics. 
Refer     from      Alphabet;      Inscriptions; 

Language ;  Writing. 
High  schools. 

Refer     from       Education;       Secondary 

schools. 
"Highwaymen.     See  also  Brigands. 

Refer  from  Brigands. 
Highways.     See  Roads. 
Hinduism.     See    also     Brahmanism ;     Bud- 
dhism. 
Refer    from     Brahmanism ;     Buddhism ; 

Religions. 

Hippodrome.     See  Circus. 
Histology.     See  also  Anatomy ;    Cells ;   Mi- 
croscope. 
Refer  from  Anatomy ;    Cells  ;  Medicine ; 

Morphology;  Pathology;  Tissues. 
Historians. 

Refer  from  Authors;  Biography;  History. 
Historical  atlases. 

Refer  from  Atlases;  History. 
Historical    dictionaries.     See    History,    Dic- 
tionaries. 
Historical  fiction. 

Refer  from  Fiction  ;  History. 
Historical   societies.     See   also  Antiquarian 

societies. 

Refer  from  Societies. 

History.  See  also  Archaeology ;  Battles ; 
Biography ;  Boundaries ;  Chronology  ; 
Church  history  ;  Civilization  ;  Coins  and 
medals  ;  Conspiracies  ;  Costume  ;  Cru- 
sades ;  Eastern  question ;  Ethnology ; 
Famines  ;  Finance  ;  Floods  ;  Geography ; 
Heraldry ;  Historians  ;  Historical  atlases  ; 
Historical  fiction ;  History,  ancient ; 

90 


His-Hor]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

History,    modern  ;    Massacres ;    Middle 
ages  ;   Military  history  ;  Naval  history  ; 
Political   science  ;   Revolutions  ;   Riots  ; 
Sieges  ;   Slavery  ;   Sociology  ;  Statistics ; 
Treaties  ;  also  names  of  countries,  places, 
and    persons.     For    the    history   of    a 
special  subject  see  its  name. 
Refer  from  Annals  ;  Archaeology  ;   Biog- 
raphy ;  Christendom  ;  Chronology  ;  Civil- 
ization ;  Man ;  Science. 
History,  ancient.     See  also  Archaeology. 
Refer  from  Ancient  history  ;  History. 
History,  medieval.     See  Middle  ages. 
History,  modern.     See  also  Church  history  ; 
Crusades  ;  Middle   ages  ;  Reformation  ; 
Renaissance. 

Refer  from  History  ;  Modern  history. 
History,  natural.     See  Natural  history. 
History,    philosophy   of.     See  also   Civiliza- 
tion. 
Refer  from    Philosophy ;    Philosophy   of 

history. 

Histrionics.     See  Acting;  Theatre. 
Hog. 

Refer  from   Agriculture ;    Domestic   ani- 
mals ;  Live  stock  ;  Pig ;  Swine. 
^'Holidays.     See  also  Arbor  day ;  Christmas  ; 
Fasts  and  feasts ;  Fourth  of  July ;  Me- 
morial   day ;     New-year ;    Thanksgiving 
day ;  Vacations. 
Refer  from    Days ;     Fasts    and    feasts ; 

Festivals ;  Vacations. 
Holy  ghost.     See  Holy  spirit. 
Holy  spirit.     See  also  Trinity. 

Refer  from   God ;     Holy   ghost ;    Spirit ; 

Theology;  Trinity. 
Holy  week.     See  also  Easter ;  Good  Friday. 

Refer  from  Fasts  and  feasts  ;  Lent . 
Home.      See     also       Children ;      Domestic 

economy  ;  Family ;  Woman. 
Refer  from  Domestic  economy ;  Ethics ; 

Family ;  Woman. 

Home  decoration.     See  House  decoration. 
Home  education.     See  Domestic  education. 
Home  missions.     See  Missions. 
Homeopathy.     Seealso  Allopathy  ;  Medicine, 

and  references  under  Medicine. 
Refer  from  Allopathy ;   Medicine  ;  Phar- 
macy. 

Homicide.     See  Murder. 
Homiletics.     See  Preaching ;  Sermons. 
Honey.     See  Bees. 

Horology.     See  Clocks  and  watches  ;  Time- 
keepers. 

9* 


Hor-Hou]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

I/Horse.     See  also  Barns  ;  Domestic  animals  ; 
Driving ;  Harness  ;  Horse-racing ;  Horse- 
railroads  ;     Horseshoeing ;     Horseman- 
ship ;   Stables  ;  Veterinary  medicine. 
Refer  from    Agriculture ;    Cavalry ;    Do- 
mestic  animals  ;    Farriery ;  Live  stock  ; 
Mammals ;   Pedigrees ;  Stables  ;    Train- 
ing; Trotting;  Veterinary  medicine. 
Horse-racing. 
Refer   from     Horse ;     Racing ;     Sports ; 

Trotting. 
Horse-railroads. 
Refer    from    Horse ;     Railroads ;    Street 

railroads. 

Horsemanship.     See   also   Coaching;     Driv- 
ing ;   Hunting. 
Refer  from  Driving ;  Horse  ;  Locomotion  ; 

Riding;   Sports. 

Horseshoeing.     See  also  Blacksmithing. 
Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;    Blacksmithing ; 

Horse. 
J/ Horticulture.        See      Floriculture;      Fruit; 

Gardening. 
Hosiery. 

Refer  from  Costume  ;  Dry  goods  ;  Foot ; 
Manufactures ;  Stockings ;  Textile 
fabrics. 

Hospitallers.     See  Malta,  knights  of. 
Hospitals.     See  also  Asylums  ;  Dispensaries  ; 
Insane  hospitals ;    Nurses  and  nursing. 
Refer     from      Architecture ;       Asylums ; 
Charities ;        Dispensaries ;        Hygiene, 
public;  Infirmaries ;  Medicine;  Military 
art  and  science  ;  Nurses  and  nursing. 
Hotels.     See  also  Apartment  houses ;   Inns. 
Refer  from  Architecture;  Inns;  Taverns. 
Hothouses.     See  Greenhouses. 
Hours  of  labor. 

Refer  from  Eight-hour  day ;  Labor. 
^ House  decoration.       See    also    Bric-a-brac;  /-{-*-< 

Candlesticks  ;  Carpets  ;  Decoration  and 
ornament ;  Fancy  work ;  Furniture ; 
Paper-hanging;  Upholstery;  Wall  dec- 
oration. 

Refer  from  Architecture,  domestic ;  Arts, 
fine ;  Carpets ;  Decoration  and  orna- 
ment ;  Domestic  economy ;  Furniture  ; 
Home  decoration ;  Household  decora- 
tion ;  Houses  ;  Interior  decoration  ;  Up- 
holstery. 

House  drainage.     See  Plumbing ;  Sewerage. 
House  painting.     See  also  Frescoes ;  Paint- 
ing, mechanical. 
Refer  from    Architecture;    Architecture, 

92 


Hou-Hyd]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 


domestic ;  Painting,  mechanical ;    Wall 
decoration. 

Household   decoration.     See  House  decora- 
tion. 
"'Household  pests. 

Refer  from  Domestic  economy  ;  Insects  ; 
Pests. 

Household  science.     See  Domestic  economy. 

Housekeeping.     See  Domestic  economy. 

Houses.     See  Architecture,  domestic  ;  House 
decoration. 

Huguenots.       See     also     France,      Church 

history;  Waldenses. 

Refer  from  Church  history  ;  Persecution ; 
Reformation ;  Sects  ;  Waldenses. 

Human  body.       See  Anatomy  ;  Physiology. 

Human  faculties.     See  Psychology. 

Human   figure.      See  Anatomy   for   artists ; 
Figure  painting. 

Human  race.     See  Man. 

Humbug.     See  Delusions  ;  Imposture. 

Humor.     See  Wit  and  humor. 
VHunting.     See   also  Dog ;    Falconry ;    Fish- 
ing ;  Game ;  Game  laws ;  Gun ;  Shoot- 
ing ;  Sports ;  Trapping. 
Refer     from      Animals ;      Chase,      the ; 
Country     life ;      Field-sports ;      Game ; 
Horsemanship ;    Natural    history  ;    Out- 
door life  ;   Shooting ;  Sports  ;  Trapping. 

Hurricanes.     See  Storms. 

Husband  and  wife.     See  Marriage. 

Husbandry.     See  Agriculture. 

Husbands.       See    also     Family ;     Fathers ; 

Marriage ;  Wives. 
Refer  from  Family;  Marriage;  Wives. 

Hussites. 

Refer  from  Reformation  ;   Sects. 

Hydraulic  engineering.  See  also  Aqueducts ; 
Artesian  wells  ;  Canals  ;  Docks  ;  Drain- 
age ;  Embankments ;  Engineering ; 
Fluids  ;  Fountains  ;  Harbors  ;  Irrigation  ; 
Mines  and  mining ;  Pumps  ;  Rivers  ; 
Turbines ;  Water ;  Water-supply ; 
Water-wheels ;  Wells. 
Refer  from  Canals  ;  Engineering;  Fluids; 
Hydraulics ;  Hydrodynamics ;  Hydro- 
mechanics ;  Hydrostatics ;  Liquids ; 
Machinery  ;  Mechanics  ;  Physics ;  Rivers ; 
Water;  Water-power;  Water-supply. 

Hydraulics.      See   Fluids;    Hydraulic   engi- 
neering; Mechanics. 

Hydrodynamics.       See     Fluids ;     Hydraulic 
engineering ;  Mechanics. 

Hydrography.     See  Nautical  surveying. 

93 


Hyd-Ico]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Hydromechanics.      See    Fluids;    Hydraulic 

engineering;   Mechanics. 
Hydropathy.     See  also  Baths  and  bathing. 
Refer  from  Baths  and  bathing;  Medicine; 

Therapeutics ;  Water-cure. 
Hydrophobia.     See  also  Dog. 

Refer  from  Dog. 

Hydrostatics.     See  Fluids ;    Hydraulic  engi- 
f      neering;   Mechanics. 

VWygiene.      See    also    Baths    and    bathing;  ^^     cU<W>       (jLjJiJL 

Children  ;  Cleanliness ;  Climate  ;  Diet ; 
Exercise  ;  Gymnastics  ;  Health  resorts ; 
Invalids  ;  Longevity ;  Medicine ;  Mili- 
tary hygiene ;  Mind  and  body ;  Naval 
hygiene ;  Nurses  and  nursing ;  Pathol- 
ogy ;  Physical  education ;  Physiology ; 
Rest ;  Sleep  ;  Stimulants  and  narcotics  ; 
Temperance  ;  Therapeutics  ;  Training ; 
Vacations  ;  Ventilation  ;  Voice  ;  Woman, 
Diseases. 

Refer  from  Biology ;  Diet ;  Food ;  Health  ; 
Life ;  Man  ;  Medicine  ;  Pathology  ;  Phys- 
iology ;  Sanitary  science. 
Hygiene,  public.  See  also  Adulterations; 
Burial ;  Contagion ;  Cremation  ;  Disin- 
fection ;  Epidemics  ;  Hospitals  ;  Inocula- 
tion ;  Quarantine  ;  Sanitary  engineering ; 
School  hygiene. 

Refer  from  Medicine  ;  Public  health, 
v/  Hymns.     See  also  Church  music ;  Religious 

poetry. 

Refer  from   Anthems  ;    Chants  ;    Church 

music ;  Devotional  exercises  ;  Literature  ; 

Liturgies  ;  Lyric  poetry  ;  Music  ;  Poetry  ; 

Psalmody  ;  Religion  ;   Religious  poetry  ; 

Rites  and  ceremonies ;   Sacred  poetry ; 

t      Songs ;  Worship. 

^Hypnotism.     See   also   Animal    magnetism ; 

Subconsciousness. 

Refer  from   Animal    magnetism ;    Mental 
suggestion  ;  Mesmerism  fMind  and  body  ; 
Mind-reading  ^Psychology  ;  Sleep  ;  Sub- 
consciousness  ;  Suggestion,  mental. 
Hysteria. 

Refer  from  Medicine,   practice  of;    Ner- 
vous system ;  Woman,  Diseases. 
Ice.    See  also  Alps ;  Arctic  regions  ;  Glaciers  ; 

Skating ;  Water. 

Refer  from  Glaciers  ;  Meteorology;  Phys- 
ical geography ;  Snow  ;  Water. 
Ichnology.     See  Footprints,  fossil. 
Ichthyology.     See  Fish. 
Iconography.     See  Christian  art ;    Idolatry ; 
Saints. 

94 


Ide-Inc]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Idealism.     See  also  Realism. 

Refer  from  Philosophy  ;  Realism.      — 
Idiocy.     Ste  also  Insanity.         5  C  «. 

Refer  from  Brain  ;  Feeble-minded  ;  Fools ; 
Imbecility;  Insanity;  Medicine,  practice 
of;  Mental  diseases  ;   Mind  and  body. 
Idolatry.     See  also  Fetishism. 

Refer  from  Fetishism  ;  God  ;  Iconography ; 
Image  worship ;  Religion ;  Religions ; 
Worship. 

Illumination.     See  Lighting. 
Illumination  (of  mss.  and  books).     See  also 

Alphabets. 

Refer  from  Alphabets  ;  Arts,  fine  ;   Book 
illustration  ;   Books  and  reading  ;   Deco- 
ration    and     ornament ;     Manuscripts ; 
x       Ornamental  alphabets  ;   Painting, 
v  Illusions.     See  also  Apparitions  ;   Delusions  ; 

Ghosts. 

Refer  from  Delusions  ;  Hallucinations ; 
Insanity ;  Mental  diseases  ;  Psychology ; 
Visions. 

Illustration  of  books.     See  Book  illustration. 
Image  worship.     See  Idolatry. 
Imagination. 

Refer  from  Intellect ;  Philosophy ;  Psy- 
chology. 

Imbecility.     See-Uteoy. 
Immaculate    conception.      See    also    Mary, 

virgin. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Incarnation; 
Jesus  Christ ;  Mariolatry  ;  Mary,  virgin  ; 
Vatican  council. 

•    Immigration.     See  also  Colonies  ;  Naturaliza- 
tion. 
Refer  from  Emigration  ;  Political  science ; 

Sociology. 

Immorality.     See  Crime  ;  Ethics. 
Immortality.     See  Future  life. 
Imperial    federation.        See    also    England, 

Colonies. 

Refer  from  Political  science. 
Imports.     See  Commerce ;  Tariff. 
Imposture.      See  also  Counterfeits ;  Quacks 

and  quackery. 

Refer  from  Adventurers  ;  Counterfeits ;  De- 
lusions ;  Humbug ;  Quacks  and  quack- 
ery. 

Imprisonment.     See  Arrest;  Prisons. 
Incandescent  lamps.     See  Electric  lamps. 
Incarnation.     See  also   Immaculate  concep- 
tion ;  Jesus  Christ. 
Refer  from  Jesus  Christ. 
Income,  public.     See  Finance. 

95 


Inc-Inf] 


LIST    OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


Income  tax.     See  also  Taxation. 

Refer  from  Taxation. 
Incubation.     See  Poultry. 
Incubus.    See  Nightmare. 
Incunabula.    See  Printing. 
Independence  day.     See  Fourth  of  July. 
Independent  order  of  odd-fellows.     See  Odd- 
fellows. 

Independents.     See  Congregationalism. 
v  Indexes.     [See  subjects  indexed,  as  Essays  ; 
Periodicals ;  or  enter  here  a  list  of  all 
indexes  in  the  library.] 
Refer  from  Bibliography. 
Indexing.    See  also  Cataloging. 

Refer  from  Bibliography ;  Cataloging. 
India-rubber.     See  also  Gutta-percha. 
Refer  from    Caoutchouc ;    Gutta-percha ; 

Manufactures ;  Rubber. 
Indian  corn.     See  Maize. 
^/Indians  6^C  North  America^   See  also  Cliff- 
dwellings  ;     Mound-builders ;     Pueblos ; 
Totems. 

Refer  from  American  aborigines  ;  Archae- 
ology ;  Ethnology ;  Mound-builders ; 
Mythology  ;  Religions  ;  North  American 
Indians. 

Indians  of  South  America. 
Indigestion.     See  Digestion. 
Individualism.    See  also  Communism  ;  Social- 
ism. 
Refer    from     Communism ;     Economics ; 

Political  science ;  Socialism. 
Induction  coils. 

Refer  from  Electricity. 
Indulgences. 

Refer    from     Catholic     church ;    Church 

polity ;  Purgatory. 

Industrial  arts.     See  Arts,  useful ;  Manufact- 
ures. 
Industrial  drawing.     See  Mechanical  draw- 

/      ing." 
v/Industrial  education.    See  Manual  training; 

Technical  education. 

Industrial  exhibitions.     See  Exhibitions. 

Inebriates.    See  Temperance. 

Infallibility.     See     also     Catholic     church ; 

Popes ;  Vatican  council. 
Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Popes ;  The- 
ology ;  Vatican  council. 

Infanticide. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law ;  Medical  juris- 
prudence ;  Murder;  Woman;  Woman, 
Law. 


96 


I 


Inf-Ins]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Infantry.     See  also  Military  art  and  science. 
Refer  from  Military  art  and  science ;  Tac- 
tics. 

Infants.     See  Children. 
/^Infection.     See  Contagion. 
Infidelity.     See  Skepticism. 
Infinite. 

Refer  from  Finite  ;  Philosophy. 
Infirmaries.     See  Hospitals. 
Inflammation. 

Refer  from  Pathology. 
Influenza. 

Refer  from  Breathing;  Grippe,  la;  Medi- 
cine, practice  of. 
Inheritance.     See  also  Primogeniture  ;  Wills. 

Refer  from  Law  ;  Property ;  Wills. 
Inheritance  (biology).     See  Heredity. 
Injunctions. 

Refer  from  Actions  at  law  ;  Law. 
Injuries.  See  Accidents  ;  Damages. 
Ink. 

Refer  from  Printing ;    Stationery  ;    Writ- 
ing. 

Inland  navigation.      See  also  Canals;    Fer- 
ries ;  Rivers  ;  Steam  navigation. 
Refer     from     Commerce  ;     Navigation  ; 

Transportation. 
•Inns.     See  also  Hotels. 

Refer  from  Hotels  ;  Taverns. 
Inoculation.      See  also    Smallpox ;  Vaccina- 
tion. 
Refer  from  Hygiene,   public ;    Medicine  ; 

Smallpox ;  Therapeutics  ;  Vaccination. 
Inquisition.     See  also  Martyrs. 
Refer    from     Catholic     church ;    Church 
history  ;  Heresy ;  Martyrs  ;  Middle  ages ; 
Persecution ;  Torture. 
Insane  hospitals. 

Refer  from  Asylums  ;  Hospitals  ;  Insanity. 
w  Insanity.     See  «/^Brain  ;  Delusions  ;  Idiocy  ; 
Illusions;     Insane     hospitals;    Medical 
jurisprudence  ^Mind  and  body  ;  Nervous 
system.      , 

Refer from^rxm. ;  Hallucinations;  Idiocy; 
Intellect ;  Lunacy ;  Madness ;  Medical 
jurisprudence ;  Medicine,  practice  of; 
Mental  diseases  ;.vMind  and  body  ;  Ner- 
vous system  ;  Philosophy  ;v Psychology. 
Inscriptions.  See  also  Alphabet ;  Cunei- 
form;  Epitaphs;  Hieroglyphics;  Manu- 
scripts ;  Writing. 

Refer     from     Alphabet;      Archaeology; 
Diplomatics  ;     Epigraphy ;     Literature  ; 

97 


Ins-Int]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Manuscripts ;       Monuments ;       Paleog- 
raphy ;  Writing. 
Insectivorous  plants. 

Refer  from  Botany. 

V/lnsects.     See  also  Agricultural  pests  ;  Bees  ; 
Beetles  ;    Butterflies  ;   Caterpillars  ;  Fer- 
tilization of   plants ;  Household  pests ; 
Lepidoptera  ;  Moths  ;  Parasites. 
Refer   from     Agricultural     pests ;    Ento- 
mology;  Invertebrates;  Pests ;  Zoology. 
Insolvency.     See  Bankruptcy. 

Insomnia.     See  also  Sleep.  . 

/  Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of;  Sleep. 
"^Instinct.  *See  alsv  Animal  psychology. 

Refer  from  Animal  psychology ;  Habit ; 
Intelligence  of  animals;  Psychology; 
Reason;  Zoology. 

£/  Instrumental  music.     See  also  Music ;  Musi- 
cal instruments;  Orchestral  music. 
Refer  from  Music ;   Musical   instruments  ; 

Orchestral  music. 
Instrumentation. 

Refer  from  Music ;  Musical  Instruments. 
Instruments.      See  also    Machinery ;    Scien- 
tific apparatus  ;  Tools  ;  also  Arithmetical ; 
Astronomical ;    Mathematical ;   Musical ; 
Optical;    Philosophical;    Surgical,   etc., 
instruments. 
Refer  from  Apparatus  ;  Science  ;  Scientific 

apparatus. 
Insurance.       See   also    Annuities ;    Friendly 

societies. 

Refer  from  Accident  insurance ;  Assur- 
ance ;  Commerce  ;  Commercial  law ;  Con- 
tracts ;  Fire-insurance  ;  Fires ;  Friendly 
societies ;  Investments  ;  Law ;  Life-insur- 
ance; Marine  insurance;  Maritime  law; 
Probabilities  ;  Property ;  Sociology. 
Intellect.  See  also  Animal  psychology ; 
Belief;  Brain;  Certainty;  Genius;  Imag- 
ination ;  Insanity ;  Knowledge  ;  Logic ; 
Memory ;  Psychology ;  Reason  ;  Senses. 
Refer  from  Brain;  Intelligence;  Mind; 
Philosophy ;  Psychology ;  Understand- 
ing. 

Intellectual  property.     See  Copyright. 
Intelligence.    See  Intellect. 
Intelligence  of  animals.      See  Animal  psy- 
chology; Instinct. 
Intemperance.     See  Temperance. 
Interest. 

Refer  from  Arithmetic ;  Banks ;  Capital ; 
Commerce  ;  Economics  ;  Ethics  ;  Fi- 


Int-Iro]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

nance  ;  Investments*;  Money ;  Negotiable 
instruments  ;  Tables ;  Usury. 

Interior  decoration.  See  Furniture ;  House 
decoration. 

Intermediate  state.  See  Future  life ;  Purga- 
tory. 

Interment.    See  Burial. 

Internal  revenue.  See  Taxation;  U.  S., 
Finance. 

International  copyright.     See  Copyright. 

International  exhibitions.     See  Exhibitions. 

International  law.  See  also  Aliens;  Alle- 
giance; Ambassadors;  Arbitration,  in- 
ternational ;  Blockade ;  Citizenship ; 
Consuls ;  Diplomacy ;  Embargo  laws ; 
Maritime  law ;  Monroe  doctrine ;  Natu- 
ralization ;  Neutrality ;  Peace  ;  Privateer- 
ing ;  Prizes ;  Treaties. 
Refer  from  Blockade  ;  Diplomacy ;  Law ; 
Law  of  nations ;  Maritime  law ;  Minis- 
ters (of  state)  ;  Nations,  law  of;  Neutral- 
ity ;  Treaties ;  War. 

Intestines. 
Refer  from  Abdomen  ;  Anatomy ;  Viscera. 

Intolerance.  See  Liberty  of  conscience  ;  Re- 
ligious liberty. 

Intoxication.     See  Temperance. 

Inundations.     See  Floods. 

Invalids.      See   also  Diet ;   Health    resorts ; 

Nurses  and  nursing. 

Refer  from  Hygiene  ;  Medicine  ;  Sick,  the. 
^Inventions.     See  also  Patents. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Discoveries  (in 
science)  ;  Machinery ;  Patents  ;  Science. 

Invertebrates.     See  also  Crustacea ;  Insects ; 

Mollusks  ;  Worms  ;  Zoology. 
Refer  from  Zoology. 

Investments.  See  also  Annuities  ;  Banks  ; 
Bonds;  Building  associations;  Insur- 
ance ;  Interest ;  Loans ;  Mortgages ; 
Speculation ;  Stocks. 

Refer  from  Bonds ;  Corporations  ;  Eco- 
nomics ;  Finance  ;  Loans  ;  Money ;  Nego- 
tiable instruments ;  Securities  ;  Specula- 
tion; Stocks. 

Iron.   See  also  Casting ;  Hardware ;  Ironwork ; 

Mines  and  mining;  Steel. 
Refer  from  Annealing ;  Building  materials ; 
Metals  ;  Mines  and  mining;  Steel. 

Iron-clad  vessels.     See  Armored  vessels. 

Ironwork.     See  also  Blacksmithing. 
Refer  from    Arts,    fine ;    Blacksmithing ; 
Iron ;  Metal-work. 

99 


Irr-Joi]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

*•  Irrigation.     See  also  Canals  ;  Drainage. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Canals  ;  Drain- 
age ;  Engineering ;  Hydraulic  engineer- 
ing; Water-supply. 

Islam.     See  Mohammedanism. 

Islands. 

Refer  from  Geography ;  Physical  geog- 
raphy. 

Ivory. 
Refer  from  Carving  (wood,  etc.)  ;  Sculpture. 

Jails.     See  Prisons. 

Jansenists. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Church  his- 
tory ;  Jesuits. 

Japanning.     See  also  Varnishing. 
Refer  from  Varnishing. 

Jesters.     See  Fools. 

Jests.     See  Wit  and  humor. 

Jesuits.     See  also  Jansenists. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church ;  Church  his- 
tory ;  Jesus,  society  of;  Monasticism ; 
Religious  orders ;  Society  of  Jesus. 

Jesus,  society  of.     See  Jesuits. 

Jesus  Christ.  See  also  Antichrist ;  Apostles  ; 
Arianism  ;  Atonement ;  Bible  ;  Christian 
art ;  Christianity ;  Christmas ;  Cross ; 
Easter ;  Immaculate  conception  ;  Incar- 
nation ;  Lord's  supper ;  Mary,  virgin ; 
Millennium  ;  Miracles  ;  Parables  ;  Salva- 
tion ;  Second  advent ;  Socinianism  ;  Tran- 
substantiation ;  Trinity;  Unitarianism. 
Refer  from  Atonement ;  Bible  ;  Christ ; 
Crucifixion ;  Divinity  ;  God  ;  Incarnation ; 
Jews ;  Lord's  supper ;  Mary,  virgin ; 
Messiah ;  Millennium ;  Miracles  ;  Para- 
bles ;  Prophecies ;  Religion  ;  Resurrec- 
tion ;  Second  advent ;  Temptation ;  The- 
ology; Trinity;  Unitarianism. 

Jewelry.  See  also  Beads  ;  Bracelets  ;  Cameos  ; 
Gems ;  Goldsmithing ;  Pearls  ;  Plate  ; 
Precious  stones ;  Rings  ;  Silversmithing. 
Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Costume ;  Decora- 
tion and  ornament ;  Gems  ;  Gold  ;  Gold- 
smithing  ;  Metal-work ;  Precious  stones  ; 
Rings ;  Silversmithing. 

Jews.      See  also  Bible ;    Circumcision ;   Es- 
senes ;  Jesus  Christ ;  Messiah  ;  Passover ; 
Patriarchs ;  Prophets  ;  Talmud. 
Refer  from  Bible ;  Church  history ;  Juda- 
ism ;  Persecution ;  Religions ;  Ten  tribes  .      C\     * 
of  Israel.                                                                ^   AM^     «M 

Joinery.     See  Carpentry. 

Joint-stock  companies.     See  Corporations. 


Joi-Kin]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Joints.     See  also  Dislocation. 

Refer  from  Anatomy  ;  Bones. 
Jokes.     See  Wit  and  humor. 

Journalism.    See  also  Authorship  ;  Libel  and          •, 
slander ;   Liberty  of   the  press ;  News- 
papers ;  Periodicals ;  Reporting. 
Refer  from  Authorship ;    Liberty  of  the 
press  ;  Literature  ;  Newspapers ;  Periodi- 
cals ;  Press ;  Reporting. 
Journeys.     See  Voyages    and    travels ;   also 

names  of  countries,  etc. 
Judaism.     See  Jews. 
Judges.     See  also  Chief  justices. 

Refer  from    Biography ;    Chief  justices ; 

Law  ;  Lawyers  ;  Magistrates. 
Judgment,  day  of.     See  also  Future  life. 
Refer  from  Day  of  judgment ;  Future  life ; 

Second  advent ;  Theology. 
Juggling.     See  Conjuring. 
Jurisdiction. 

Refer  from  Courts  ;  Law. 
Jurisprudence.     .Si?*  Law. 
Jury.     See  also  Trials. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law  ;  Law ;  Trial  by 

jury ;  Trials. 
Justices  of  the  peace. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Law  ;  Magistrates. 
Justification.     See  also  Faith. 

Refer  from  Faith  ;  Theology. 
Juvenile  literature.     See  Children's  literature.  \J  O4>O-^*^ljt, 


Kaleidoscope. 

Refer  from  Light ;  Optical  instruments. 
Keramics.     See  Pottery. 
Keys.     See  also  Locks. 

Refer  from  Hardware  ;  Locks. 
Kidnapping. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law. 
Kidneys. 

Refer  from  Abdomen  ;  Viscera. 
Kindergarten.      .Si?*  also  Child  study;  Chil- 
dren ;  Nature  study  ;  Object-teaching. 
Refer  from  Child  study  ;  Children  ;  Educa- 
tion ;  Games*,  Object-teaching ;  Schools  ; 
Teaching. 

Kindness   to  animals.     See  Animals,  treat- 
ment of. 

Kinematics.     See  Force  ;  Mechanics  ;  Motion. 
Kinetics.     See  Force  ;  Mechanics  ;  Motion. 
Kings.     See  also  Emperors.     For  works  on 
the    duties,  rights,    etc.,   of  kings,  see 
Monarchy. 

Refer  from  Biography ;  Monarchy  ;  Rulers  ; 
Sovereigns. 


XA/LQ 


Kis-Lam]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Kissing. 

Refer  from  Manners  and  customs. 
Kitchen.    See  also  Cookery ;  Domestic  econ- 
omy. 

Refer  from  Cookery  ;  Domestic  economy. 
Knight-errantry.     See  Chivalry. 
Knighthood.    See  Chivalry ;  Feudalism  ;  Her- 
aldry. 

Knights  hospitallers.    See  Malta,  knights  of. 
Knights  of  Malta.    See  Malta,  knights  of. 
Knights  of  St.  John.    See  Malta,  knights  of. 
Knights      templars.        See      Freemasonry; 

Templars. 
Knitting.    See  also  Fancy  work. 

Refer  from  Fancy  work. 
Knives.    See  also  Cutlery. 
/  Refer  from  Cutlery ;  Hardware. 
"Knots. 

Refer  from  Navigation ;  Rope. 
Know-nothings.    See  American  party. 
Knowledge.     See  also   Education ;    Philoso- 
phy ;  Science. 

Refer  from  Education ;  Intellect ;  Learn- 
ing ;  Philosophy ;  Psychology. 
Koran.    See  also  Mohammedanism. 
,    Refer  from  Alcoran ;  Mohammedanism. 
*  Labor.    See  also  Apprentices;    Arbitration, 
industrial ;  Capital ;  Children  ;  Commun- 
ism ;  Cooperation  ;  Economics  ;  Factory 
system ;      Friendly     societies ;      Gilds ; 
Hours  of  labor ;  Machinery  ;  Peasantry ; 
Poor ;  Profit-sharing ;  Servants ;  Slavery  ; 
Sociology ;  Strikes  and  lockouts  ;  Trade- 
unions  ;  Wages ;  Woman. 
Refer  from  Capital ;  Children ;  Economics  ; 
Manufactures ;     People ;    Poor ;     Profit- 
sharing  ;   Sociology ;    Strikes  and  lock- 
outs ;    Trade-unions  ;   Wages  ;   Wealth  ; 
Work ;  Working-classes. 
Lace.     See  also  Needlework. 
Refer    from    Arts,     fine ;     Fancy    work ; 
Manufactures ;    Needlework ;    Weaving. 
Laconics.    See  Maxims. 
Lacquer. 

Refer  from  Varnishing. 
Ladies.    See  Etiquette  ;  Woman. 
Lake-dwellings. 
Refer  from    Archaeology ;    Architecture  ; 

Ethnology ;  Lakes. 

Lakes.      See   also   Lake-dwellings ;     Ponds 
Refer  from  Physical  geography ;  Ponds  ; 

Water. 
Lampoons.     See  Satire. 

102 


Lam-Law]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Lamps.    See  also  Electric  lamps. 

Refer  from  Furniture  ;  Lighting ;  Oil. 
Land.      See   also    Agriculture ;     Commons ; 
Deeds  ;   Easements  ;   Feudalism  ;  Land- 
lord and  tenant ;  Parks  ;  Real  property  ; 
Rents  ;  Surveying ;  Taxation  ;  Titles. 
Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Economics  ;  Land- 
lord and  tenant ;   Law  ;  Property ;  Real 
property  ;  Rent ;  Tenure  ofjand. 
Land-drainage.    See  Drainage. 
Landlord  and  tenant.    See  also  Land  ;  Rent. 
Refer  from  Land ;   Law ;   Real  property  ; 

Rent;  Tenant. 
Landscape. 

Refer  from  Esthetics ;  Picturesque. 
'•''Landscape    gardening.      See   also  Cemeter- 
ies ;  Evergreens  ;  Forestry  ;  Gardening ; 
Parks ;  Shrubs. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Arts,  fine  ;  Ceme- 
teries ;  Forestry ;  Gardenin  ;  Parks ; 
Planting ;  Rural  architecture ;  Shrubs ; 
Trees. 

Landscape  painting. 
/Refer  from  Painting. 

^Language.      See    also    Accent;     Alphabet; 
Classical       education ;       Conversation ; 
Dialects  ;  Elocution ;  Etymology ;  Gram- 
mar ;  Hieroglyphics  ;  Literature  ;  Names ; 
Phonetics  ;     Pronunciation ;      Prosody  ; 
Punctuation  ;  Rhetoric ;  Sign  language  ; 
Slang ;    Speech  ;    Spelling ;    Synonyms  ; 
Translation ;  Words  ;  Writing. 
Refer   from    Anthropology ;     Ethnology ; 
Linguistics  ;       Literature ;       Philology  ; 
Science  ;  Speech  ;  Words. 
Lathe.     See  Turning. 
Latitude. 

Refer  from    Astronomy ;    Earth ;    Geog- 
raphy ;  Nautical  astronomy ;  Navigation. 
Latter-day  saints.     See  Mormonism. 
Laughter.     See  also  Wit  and  humor. 

Refer  from  Wit  and  humor. 
Laundry. 

Refer  from  Domestic  economy ;  Washing. 
.  See  also  Acknowledgments ;  Actions 
at  law  ;  Administrators  and  executors  ; 

Admiralty  ;  Adoption ;  Affidavits  ;  Aliens ;  •  ^Jj.^i^v^t^i 
Allegiance  ;  Appeal ;  Arrest ;  Assault ; 
Assignments;  Asylum,  right  of ;  Attach- 
ment ;  Attorneys  ;  Awards  ;  Bail ;  Bail- 
ments ;  Bankruptcy ;  Benefit  of  clergy ; 
Carriers  ;  Chancery ;  Church  law  ;  Civil 
law ;  Civil  rights ;  Commercial  law ; 

103 


Law-Lee]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Common  law ;  Confiscation ;  Constables  ; 
Constitutional  law ;  Contracts ;  Con- 
veyancing ;  Copyright ;  Corn  laws ; 
Coroners  ;  Corporations  ;  Costs  ;  County 
officers  ;  Courts  ;  Courts  martial ;  Crime  ; 
Criminal  law ;  Criminals ;  Damages ; 
Debt ;  Deeds  ;  Divorce ;  Easements ; 
Equity ;  Evidence  ;  Feudalism ;  Forms ; 
Game  laws ;  Guaranties  and  sureties ; 
Guardians ;  Habeas  corpus ;  Inheritance ; 
Injunctions;  Insurance;  International 
law ;  Judges ;  Jurisdiction ;  Jury ;  Justices 
of  the  peace ;  Land ;  Landlord  and  ten- 
ant ;  Lawyers ;  Legacies ;  Legislation ; 
Libel  and  slander ;  Liens ;  Limitations  ; 
Lynch  law  ;  Magistrates  ;  Mandamus ; 
Maritime  law ;  Marriage  ;  Martial  law ; 
Master  and  servant ;  Medical  jurispru- 
dence ;  Military  law ;  Moot  courts  ;  Mort- 
gages ;  Municipal  corporations  ;  Murder ; 
Mutiny ;  Negligence ;  Negotiable  instru- 
ments ;  Neutrality ;  Nuisance ;  Parlia- 
mentary practice  ;  Partnership  ;  Patents  ; 
Personal  property ;  Pleading ;  Police ; 
Poor  laws ;  Possession ;  Powers  ;  Primo- 
geniture ;  Principal  and  agent ;  Property ; 
Prostitution ;  Punishment ;  Real  prop- 
erty ;  Receivers  ;  Rent ;  Sale ;  Sheriffs ; 
Titles  ;  Torts  ;  Trade-marks  ;  Treason ; 
Trespass  ;  Trials  ;  Trustees  ;  Wager  of 
battle  ;  Wills  ;  Witnesses  ;  Woman,  Law. 
Refer  from  Civil  law ;  Common  law ;  Courts  ; 
Criminal  law  ;  Ethics  ;  Jurisprudence  ; 
Legislation ;  Maritime  law ;  Municipal 
law  ;  Pleading ;  Political  science  ;  Science  ; 
Sociology. 

Law  of  nations.     See  International  law. 

Lawn-tennis.     See  Tennis. 

Lawyers.    See  also  Chancellors,  lord;  Chief 

justices ;  Judges. 
Refer  from  Bar ;  Biography ;  Law. 

Lead.     See  also  Plumbing. 
Refer  from  Metals  ;  Mines  and  mining. 

Learning.     See  Education ;  Knowledge. 
•/Leather.    See  also   Harness ;    Shoes ;   Tan- 
ning. 

.    Refer  from  Manufactures  ;  Tanning. 
*  Leather  work. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Fancy  work. 

Leaves. 
Refer  from  Botany. 

Lecturing.    See  also  Lyceums. 
Refer  from  Lyceums  ;  Oratory. 

104 


Lef-Lib]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

^ 

Lefthandedness. 

Refer  from  Habit ;  Hand. 
Legacies. 

Refer  from  Law  ;  Wills. 
Legal  tender.     See  also  Money. 
+Refer  from  Money  ;  Paper  money, 
legends.     See  also  Animals,  legends    and 
stories  of;  Ballads;  Cross;  Fairytales; 
Folk-lore;    Mary,    virgin;    Mythology; 
Romances ;  Saints. 

Refer  from  Ballads  ;   Fiction ;   Folk-lore ; 
Literature ;      Mythology ;      Romances ; 
Stories  ;  Superstition  ;  Traditions. 
Legerdemain.     See  Conjuring. 
Legislation.     See  also    Law;    Parliamentary 

practice ;  Political  science. 
Refer  from  Law. 
Lent.     See   also  Ash   Wednesday ;   Easter ; 

Good  Friday ;  Holy  week. 
Refer  from   Ash    Wednesday ;     Catholic 

church ;  Fasting ;  Fasts  and  feasts. 
Lepidoptera.    See   also    Butterflies ;    Cater- 
pillars ;  Moths. 

Refer  from  Butterflies  ;   Insects  ;    Moths. 
•'Letter-writing.     See  also    Commercial    cor- 
respondence ;  Rhetoric. 
Refer  from  Composition ;  Correspondence ; 
<        Etiquette  ;  Rhetoric  ;  Writing. 
Lettering.     See  Alphabets. 
•Letters. 

Refer  from  Correspondence ;  Literature. 
Letters  (of  the  alphabet).    See  Alphabet. 
Letters  of  marque.     See  Privateering. 
Levelling.     See  Surveying. 
Lexicons.     See  names  of  languages,  subjects, 

etc. 
Libel    and    slander.      See   also    Liberty    of 

speech  ;  Liberty  of  the  press. 
Refer  from  Journalism  ;  Law ;   Liberty  of 

speech  ;  Liberty  of  the  press  ;  Slander. 
Liberty.     See  also  Democracy ;  Free  institu- 
tions ;  Religious  liberty ;  Slavery. 
Refer  from    Civil    liberty ;    Democracy ; 
Despotism  ;   Ethics ;    Free   institutions ; 
Freedom  ;     People ;     Personal    liberty ; 
Philosophy  ;  Political  science ;  Religious 
liberty. 

Liberty  of  conscience.  See  also  Dissenters ; 
Heresy  ;  Persecution  ;  Private  judgment ; 
Religious  liberty. 

Refer  from  Church  and  state  ;  Conscience ; 
Ethics  ;  Free  religion  ;  Heresy ;  Intoler- 
ance ;  Persecution;  Private  judgment; 

105 


Lib-Lig]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Religious     liberty;     Theology;     Toler- 
ation. 

Liberty  of  speech.     See  also  Libel  and  slan- 
der; Liberty  of  the  press. 
Refer  from  Free  speech  ;  Libel  and  slander ; 
Liberty  of  the  press  ;  Speech. 

Liberty  of  the  press.  See  also  Journalism; 
Libel  and  slander;  Liberty  of  speech; 
Prohibited  books. 

Refer  from  Censorship  of  the  press; 
Freedom  of  the  press ;  Journalism ; 
Libel  and  slander ;  Liberty  of  speech ; 
Newspapers ;  Periodicals ;  Press  ;  Pro- 
hibited books. 

Liberty  of  the  will.  See  also  Necessity ;  Pre- 
destination ;  Will. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;  Free  agency ;  Free 
will ;  Freedom  of  the  will ;  Necessity ; 
Predestination;  Psychology;  Theology; 
Will. 

Librarians. 

'  Refer  from  Biography.  .    , 

Libraries.  See  also  Bibliography ;  Book  clubs ;  L.  /  D  v  CtV  \  i.  %  4»  L*l  O  v-flt.  v  w  £  t*o  7?  u 
Book  collecting ;  Bookbinding ;  Books 
and  reading ;  Cataloging ;  Classification. 
Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Bibliography ; 
Books  and  reading ;  Cataloging ;  Classi- 
fication ;  Education ;  Library  economy ; 
Literature ;  Public  libraries. 

Library  catalogs.      See   also    Bibliography; 

Cataloging. 

Refer  from  Bibliography ;  Books  and  read- 
ing ;  Catalogs ;  Finding  lists. 

Library  economy.    See  Libraries. 

License  system.    See  Temperance. 

Lichens. 
Refer  from  Botany ;  Cryptogams  ;  Mosses. 

Liens. 
Refer  from  Law ;  Property. 

Life.  See  Biology ;  Christian  life ;  Conduct 
of  life;  Death;  Ethics;  Future  life; 
Hygiene ;  Longevity ;  Man ;  Philosophy. 

Life-boats. 

Refer  from  Boating ;  Life-saving ;  Navi- 
gation; Shipwrecks. 

Life-insurance.    See  Insurance. 

Life-saving.  See  also  Accidents ;  Beacons ; 
Drowning ;  Fires  ;  Life-boats ;  Light- 
houses ;  Lightning  conductors ;  Ship- 
wrecks. 

Refer  from  Accidents ;  Drowning ;  Ship- 
wrecks. 

Light.    See  also  Blind;  Color;   Color-blind- 

106 


Lig-Litj  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

ness ;  Electric  light ;  Eye  ;  Kaleidoscope  ; 
Lighting ;  Magic  lantern ;  Microscope ; 
Optical  instruments  ;  Perspective  ;  Phos- 
phorescence ;  Photography  ;  Polariscope ; 
Radiation  ;  Rainbow  ;  Sight ;  Spectacles  ; 
Spectrum ;  Stereoscope  ;  Sun ;  Telescope ; 
X  rays ;  Zodiacal  light. 
Refer  from  Color ;  Eye  ;  Optics ;  Physics ; 

Radiation;  Senses. 
Lighthouses. 

Refer  from  Beacons ;  Life-saving ;  Navi- 
gation. 
Lighting.     See  also  Candles;  Electric  light; 

Gas  ;  Lamps  ;  Oil. 
Refer  from  Illumination ;  Light. 
Lightning.     See  also  Electricity ;   Lightning 

conductors ;  Thunder-storms. 
Refer   from     Electricity ;     Meteorology ; 

Thunder-storms. 
Lightning  conductors. 

Refer  from  Life-saving ;  Lightning. 
Limes.     See  Cement. 
Limitations  (in  law) . 

Refer  from  Law. 

4/Linen.    See  also  Fibres ;  Flax  ;  Hemp  ;  Tex- 
tile fabrics. 

Refer  from  Flax ;  Textile  fabrics. 
Linguistics.     See  Language. 
Liquids.    See  also  Fluids;   Hydraulic  engi- 
neering. 

Refer  from  Fluids  ;  Mechanics ;  Physics. 
Liquors.      See    also    Alcohol ;    Ale ;    Beer ; 
Brandy ;     Brewing ;     Distillation ;    Fer- 
mentation ;  Temperance ;  Wine. 
Refer  from  Alcohol ;    Beverages  ;   Distil- 
lation ;    Drinks ;    Food ;    Manufactures ; 
Spirituous  liquors ;  Stimulants  and  nar- 
cotics; Temperance;  Wine. 
Litanies.     See  also  Liturgies. 

Refer  from  Liturgies;  Prayers;  Worship. 
Literary  history.     See  Bibliography ;  Litera- 
ture. 

Literary  men.     See  Authors  ;  Students. 
Literary  property.     See  Copyright. 
Literary  societies.     [Here  state  method  of 

/    entry  of  societies.] 

literature.  See  also  Anagrams ;  Anecdotes  ; 
Authors;  Authorship;  Ballads;  Bestia- 
ries ;  Bibliography ;  Books  and  reading ; 
Bookselling ;  -Chap-books ;  Children's 
literature  ;  Classical  literature  ;  Common- 
place books ;  Copyright ;  Criticism  ^ 
Dialogues;  Drama;  Emblems;  Epi- 

107 


Lit-Loc]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

grams  ;  Epitaphs ;  Essays ;  Fables  ;  Fairy 
tales ;  Fiction ;  Folk-lore ;  Hymns ; 
Inscriptions  ;  Journalism  ;  Language  ; 
Legends ;  Letters ;  Libraries ;  Manu- 
scripts ;  Maxims  ;  Mottoes ;  Newspapers  ; 
Orations;  Parody;  Periodicals;  Poetry; 
Printing ;  Prose ;  Proverbs  ;  Quotations ; 
Readers  and  speakers ;  Renaissance ; 
Rhetoric ;  Riddles  ;  Romances  ;  Roman- 
ticism ;  Sagas  ;  Satire  ;  Sermons  ;  Tracts  ; 
Wit  and  humor.  [See  also  the  report  of 
the  Committee  on  an  index  to  subject 
headings  at  the  Chicago  conference,  L.j. 
18:  C79 ;  also  Appendix  G.] 
Refer  from  Authors  ;  Belles-lettres  ;  Bibli- 
ography ;  Books  and  reading ;  Criticism  ; 
Language  ;  Literary  history ;  Poetry ; 
Prose. 

Lithography.     See  also  Chromolithography. 
Refer   from    Arts,     fine ;  .  Chromolithog- 
raphy ;  Engraving. 

Lithology.     Sez  Rocks. 

Liturgies.  See  also  Burial  service  ;  Hymns  ; 
Litanies  ;  Missals  ;  Prayers  ;  Responsive 
worship  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies  ;  Ritual- 
ism ;  also  names  of  churches. 
Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Church  ser- 
vices ;  Devotional  exercises ;  Litanies ; 
Prayers  ;  Religious  services  ;  Responsive 
worship  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies  ;  Service- 
books  ;  Worship. 

Live  stock.  See  Cattle  ;  Domestic  animals  ; 
Hog ;  Horse  ;  Poultry ;  Sheep. 

Liver.     See  also  Bilious  fever. 
Refer  from  Abdomen ;  Anatomy ;  Bilious 
fever ;  Viscera. 

Lives.  See  Biography ;  also  names  of  indi- 
viduals and  classes  of  persons. 

Loan  associations.   See  Building  associations. 

Loans.      See    also     Finance ;     Investments ; 

Repudiation. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Finance ;  Invest- 
ments. 

Local  government.  See  also  Boroughs ; 
County  officers  ;  Gilds  ;  Municipal  gov- 
ernment ;  Towns  ;  Village  communities  ; 
Villages. 

Refer  from  Cities ;  Municipal  govern- 
ment ;  Political  science  ;  Town-meeting  ; 
Towns ;  Village  communities. 

Lockjaw. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of;  Mouth  ; 
Tetanus. 

108 


Loc-Lov]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Lockouts.     See  Strikes  and  lockouts. 
Locks.     See  also  Keys. 

Refer  from  Hardware  ;  Keys. 
Locomotion.  See  also  Aerial  navigation ; 
Animal  locomotion  ;  Canals  ;  Canoeing ; 
Carriages  ;  Coaching ;  Cycling ;  Flight ; 
Horsemanship  ;  Navigation  ;  Railroads  ; 
Roads  ;  Rowing ;  Running ;  Skating ; 
Transportation  ;  Travel ;  Walking ; 
Yachting. 

Refer  from  Motion. 

Locomotives.     See  also    Railroads ;    Steam- 
engine. 

Refer  from  Engines  ;  Machinery ;  Motors  ; 
*   Railroads ;  Steam-engine. 
"^Logarithms.     See  also  Trigonometry. 

Refer  from  Mathematics  ;  Tables  ;  Trigo- 
,,       nometry. 

KLogic.     See  also  Certainty ;  Evidence  ;  Fal- 
lacies ;  Probabilities. 

Refer  from  Evidence  ;  Fallacies  ;  Intellect ; 
Philosophy;   Probabilities;    Proof;  Psy- 
chology ;   Reason  ;    Science  ;    Thinking ; 
Thought. 
'•'Longevity.      See    also      Old      age ;    Vital 

statistics. 

Refer  from  Age  ;  Biology ;  Hygiene  ;  Life ; 
Man ;  Old  age  ;  Pathology  ;  Physiology. 
Longitude. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Earth ;  Geog- 
raphy ;  Nautical  astronomy ;  Naviga- 
tion. 

Looking-glasses.     See  Mirrors. 
Lord's  prayer. 
Refer  from  Bible ;  Devotional   exercises ; 

Prayer ;  Prayers  ;  Theology. 
Lord's  supper.      See  also  Church  member- 
ship ;  Close  communion ;  Jesus   Christ ; 
Mass  ;  Passover ;  Sacraments ;  Transub- 
stantiation. 

Refer  from  Altars ;    Church  antiquities ; 
Church     membership ;     Church    polity ; 
Close   communion  ;    Communion  ;    Con- 
firmation ;  Devotional  exercises ;  Eucha- 
rist;   Jesus     Christ;     Mass;    Passover; 
Protestant  episcopal   church  in  the  U. 
S. ;  Real  presence  ;  Sacraments;  Theol- 
ogy ;  Transubstantiation. 
Lotteries.     See  also  Probabilities. 
Refer  from  Ethics ;  Gambling. 
Love.     See  also  Charity ;  Courtship;  Friend- 
ship ;  Marriage ;  Mothers. 
Refer  from  Charity ;   Courtship  ;  Ethics ; 

109 


Lov-Mag]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Friendship ;  Marriage  ;  Passions  ;  Theol- 
ogy ;  Woman. 

Loyalists,   American.      See  American  loyal- 
ists. 

»/Lumberk»g.     See  also  Forestry  ;  Timber. 
Refer  from  Forestry;  Timber;  Trees. 
Lunacy,     See  Insanity. 
Lungs.     See  also  Breathing ;  Consumption  ; 

Pneumonia. 
Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Breathing ;  Chest ; 

Consumption ;  Pneumonia. 
Luxury.    See  also  Wealth. 

Refer  from  Wealth. 
Lycanthropy.     See  Werwolves. 
Lyceums.    See  also  Lecturing. 

Refer  from  Education  ;  Lecturing. 
Lying.     See  also  Truth. 

Refer  from  Ethics ;  Truth. 
Lynch  law. 

Refer  from  Law ;  Mobs. 
Lyric  poetry.      See  also  Ballads ;    Hymns ; 

Minnesingers ;  Odes. 

Refer  from  Ballads  ;  Odes  ;  Poetry ;  Songs. 
/Machinery.    See  also  Agricultural  machinery ; 
Belting ;  Cranes  ;   Electric  engineering ; 
Engineering ;  Engines  ;  Friction  ;  Gear- 
ing ;  Hydraulic  engineering ;  Inventions ; 
Locomotives  ;  Manufactures  ;  Mechanical 
drawing ;  Mechanics ;  Mills  ;  Mines  and 
mining ;  Motors  ;  Patents ;  Pumps  ;  Rail- 
roads ;  Steam-engine ;  Technical  educa- 
tion ;    Timekeepers ;    Tools ;    Turning ; 
Water-wheels  ;  Wheels  ;  Windmills. 
Refer  from  Arts,    useful ;    Engineering ; 
Instruments  ;  Labor ;   Manual    training ; 
Manufactures  ;  Mechanical  engineering ; 
Mechanics ;     Mills  ;     Motors  ;     Power ; 
Steam-engine  ;  Tools  ;  Wheels. 
Madness.    See  Insanity. 
Madonna.     See  Mary,  virgin. 
Magazines.     See  Periodicals. 
Magic.     See    Conjuring;     Occult    sciences; 

Witchcraft. 
Magic  lantern. 
Refer  from  Light ;    Optical  instruments  ; 

Projecting ;  Stereopticon. 
Magistrates.     See  also  Judges ;   Justices  of 

the  peace ;  Monarchy. 
^  Refer  from  Law  ;  Political  science. 
Magnetic  needle.    See  Compass. 
Magnetism.      See  also  Animal   magnetism ; 
Compass  ;  Electricity  ;  Electromagnets. 
Refer  from  Electricity ;  Physics. 

no 


Mah-Man]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Mahommedanism.     See  Mohammedanism. 
Mail.     See  Post-office. 
Maize. 
Refer  from    Agriculture ;    Corn,   Indian ; 

Indian  corn. 
Majolica.     See  also  Pottery. 

Refer  from  Pottery. 
Malacology.     See  Mollusks. 
Malaria.     See  also  Malarial  fever. 

Refer  from  Medicine  ;  Pathology. 
Malarial  fever. 

Refer  from  Ague  ;  Fever ;  Malaria. 
Malpractice. 

Refer  from  Medical  jurisprudence  ;  Medi- 
cine, practice  of. 
Malt.     See  Beer ;  Brewing. 
Malta,  knights  of. 

Refer  from  Chivalry ;  Hospitallers  ;  Knights 
hospitallers  ;  Knights  of  Malta ;  Knights 
of  St.  John  ;  Secret  societies. 
•^Mammals.     See  also  Apes  ;  Cat ;  Dog ;  Do- 
mestic animals  ;   Gorilla ;  Horse  ;  Man ; 
Menageries  ;     Monkeys  ;      Quadrupeds  ; 
Seal ;  Vertebrates  ;  Zoology. 
Refer    from    Quadrupeds ;    Vertebrates ; 
/      Zoology. 

•'Man.  See  also  Anatomy ;  Anthropometry ; 
Archaeology ;  Cannibalism  ;  Civilization ; 
Color  of  man  ;  Creation  ;  Dwarfs  ;  Ethics  ; 
Ethnology ;  Evolution ;  Family ;  Folk- 
lore ;  Future  life ;  Giants ;  Heredity ; 
History  ;  Hygiene ;  Longevity ;  Manners 
and  customs  ;  Monsters  ;  Paleontology ; 
Phrenology  ;  Physiognomy ;  Physiology ; 
Psychology;  Religion;  Salvation;  Sex; 
Sociology ;  Soul ;  Vital  statistics ; 
Woman ;  also  names  of  races. 
Refer  from  Anthropology ;  Archaeology ; 
Civilization  ;  Creation  ;  Ethnology ;  Evo- 
lution ;  Geology ;  Human  race  ;  Life ; 
Mammals  ;  Natural  history ;  Philosophy ; 
Physiology ;  Science  ;  Sociology  ;  Zool- 
ogy- 
Mandamus. 

Refer  from  Law. 
Manly  exercises.     See  Gymnastics  ;  Physical 

education ;  Sports. 
Manners.    See  Etiquette. 
•^Manners  and  customs.     See  also  Archaeol- 
ogy;  Burial;  Cannibalism;  Caste;  Cos- 
tume ;  Drinking  customs  ;  Dueling  ;  Eat- 
ing;   Etiquette;    Folk-lore;     Funerals; 


Man-Mar]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Kissing;  Marriage;   Punishment;  Rites 
and  ceremonies ;  Tattooing  ;  Toasts. 

Refer    from    Archaeology;    Ceremonies; 
Customs  ;  Ethics ;  Folk-lore  ;  Man  ;  Soci- 
,       ology;  Usages. 

VManual  training.  See  also  Carpentry ;  Draw- 
ing ;  Machinery ;  Sloyd ;  Technical  edu- 
cation ;  Wood-carving. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Education  ;  In- 
dustrial education ;  Technical  education. 
Manufactures.  See  also  Arts,  useful ;  Bev- 
erages ;  Bricks  ;  Cables  ;  Candles  ;  Car- 
riages ;  Cars ;  Chains ;  Clocks  and 
watches ;  Clothing ;  Commerce  ;  Con- 
fectionery ;  Cutlery ;  Factories  ;  Factory 
system  ;  Flour ;  Fuel ;  Furniture  ;  Gas ; 
Glass ;  Glue  ;  Gutta-percha ;  Hardware  ; 
Harness;  Hats;  Hosiery;  India-rubber; 
Labor ;  Lace ;  Leather ;  Liquors  ;  Machin- 
ery ;  Metal-work ;  Metals  ;  Mills  ;  Needle- 
work ;  Paper ;  Patents  ;  Perfumery ;  Pot- 
tery ;  Prices  ;  Receipts  ;  Rope  ;  Soap ; 
Shoes ;  Stationery ;  Textile  fabrics ; 
Timekeepers  ;  Trade-marks  ;  Woodwork. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Business ;  Com- 
merce ;  Economics ;  Industrial  arts ; 
Machinery ;  Mills ;  Technology  ;  Useful 
arts. 

Manures.     See  also  Agricultural   chemistry; 
Fertilizers  ;  Peat ;  Phosphates. 

Refer  from  Agricultural  chemistry  ;  Agri- 
culture ;  Fertilizers. 

Manuscripts.   See  also  Abbreviations  ;  Illumi- 
nation ;  Inscriptions ;  Writing. 

Refer  from  Bibliography ;  Books  and  read- 
ing ;  Diplomatics  ;  Inscriptions  ;  Litera- 
ture ;  Paleography ;  Writing. 

Map  drawing.     See  also  Topographical  draw- 
ing. 

Refer  from  Drawing;  Geography;  Maps; 
Topographical  drawing. 

Maps.     See  also  Atlases  ;  Globes  ;  Map  draw- 
ing; also  names  of  countries,  etc. 
Refer  from  Atlases  ;  Cartography ;  Charts  ; 
Geography. 

Marbling. 

Refer  from  Bookbinding ;  Painting,  me- 
chanical ;  Paper. 

Marine  architecture.     See  Ship-building. 

Marine  insurance.     See  Insurance. 

Marine  plants.     See  Algae. 

Marine  surveying.     See  Nautical  surveying. 

Marine  zoology.     See  also  Aquarium  ;   Crus- 


Mar-Mas]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

tacea ;  Dredging ;  Fish  ;  Mollusks ;  Ocean ; 
Seal ;  Seashore. 

Refer  from  Aquatic  animals ;    Dredging ; 
Ocean ;  Seashore  ;  Zoology. 

Mariner's  compass.     See  Compass. 

Mariolatry.  See  Immaculate  conception ; 
Mary,  virgin. 

Maritime  law.  See  also  Admiralty;  Insur- 
ance ;  International  law ;  Law,  and  the 
references  under  that  subject ;  Mutiny ; 
Prizes. 

Refer  from  Admiralty;    Commercial  law; 
International  law ;  Law. 

Maritime  surveying.  See  Nautical  survey- 
ing. 

Market  gardening.  See  Agriculture ;  Gar- 
dening; Vegetables. 

Markets. 

Refer  from  Cities  ;  Commerce  ;  Food. 
*/Marriage.  See  also  Adultery ;  Celibacy ; 
Chastity ;  Consanguinity  ;  Courtship  ; 
Divorce  ;  Family ;  Husbands ;  Love ; 
Polygamy ;  Wives  ;  Woman. 
Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Church  antiqui- 
ties ;  Church  law  ;  Consanguinity ;  Court- 
ship ;  Divorce ;  Domestic  relations ; 
Ethics ;  Etiquette ;  Family ;  Husband 
and  wife ;  Husbands ;  Law ;  Love ; 
Manners  and  customs ;  Matrimony ; 
Polygamy  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies  ;  Sac- 
raments ;  Sociology ;  Weddings ;  Wives  ; 
Woman ;  Woman,  Law. 

Martial  law.  See  also  Habeas  corpus ;  Mili- 
tary law. 

Refer  from  Habeas  corpus  ;  Law ;  Military 
art  and  science  ;  Military  law ;  War. 

Martyrs.     See  also  Christian  biography ;  In- 
quisition ;  Persecution ;  Saints. 
Refer  from  Christian   biography  ;    Church 
history ;   Church   of  England ;    Heresy ; 
Heroes  ;  Inquisition ;  Persecution. 

Mary,  virgin.  See  also  Christian  art;  Im- 
maculate conception ;  Jesus  Christ. 
Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Immaculate 
conception ;  Jesus  Christ ;  Legends ; 
Madonna ;  Mariolatry ;  Miracles  ;  Virgin 
Mary. 

Masks  (for  the  face) . 
Refer  from  Costume. 

Masks  (plays). 

Refer  from  Drama ;  Masques  ;  Theatre. 

Masonry.  See  also  Arches  ;  Bricks  ;  Bridges  ; 
Cement ;  Concrete  ;  Foundations ;  Plas- 

"3 


Mas-Mat]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

tering;   Stone;   Strength   of  materials; 
Vaulting;  Walls. 

Refer  from    Architecture;    Arts,    useful; 
Bricks;    Bridges;    Building;   Engineer- 
ing; Foundations;   Stone;    Strength   of 
materials ;  Walls. 
Masons.     See  Freemasonry. 
Masquerades. 

Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Balls  (parties). 
Masques.     See  Masks. 
Mass.      See   also    Lord's    supper ;    Masses ; 

Transubstantiation. 

Refer  from  Altars ;  Catholic  church  ;  Lord's 
supper ;    Rites    and    ceremonies ;    The- 
ology ;  Transubstantiation. 
Massacres. 

Refer  from  Battles  ;  History ;  Persecution. 
Massage. 

Refer  from  Therapeutics. 
Masses  (music). 

Refer  from  Church  music ;  Mass  ;  Music. 
Master  and  servant.     See  also  Apprentices ; 

Servants. 
Refer  from    Domestic    relations ;     Law ; 

Servants. 
•    Materia  medica.    See  also  Drugs ;  Pharmacy ; 

Therapeutics. 
Refer  from  Drugs  ;  Medicine ;  Pharmacy ; 

Therapeutics. 

Materialism.     See  also  Evolution ;  Rational- 
ism ;  Soul. 
Refer  from  Atheism  ;  Matter ;  Philosophy ; 

Skepticism ;  Theology. 

Materials,  strength  of.     See  Strength  of  ma- 
terials. 

Maternity.    See  Mothers. 
Mathematical     drawing.      See     Geometrical 

drawing ;  Mechanical  drawing. 
Mathematical  instruments.     See  also  Arith- 
metical   instruments ;    Calculating     ma- 
chines. 

Refer  from  Instruments:  Mathematics. 
/  v^  -/*«* 

VMathematics.  See  also  Algebra ;  Arithme- 
tic ;  *Astronomy ;  Axioms ;  Calculating 
machines ;  Calculus ;  Conic  sections ; 
Engineering ;  Equations ;  Geodesy ; 
''Geometry ;  Logarithms ;  Mathematical 
instruments ;  Mechanics ;  Mensuration  ; 
Metric  system  ;  Navigation ;  Numbers  ; 
Numerals ;  Physics ;  Probabilities ; 
Quaternions  ;  Surveying ;  Trigonometry. 
Refer  from  Algebra ;  Conic  sections ; 
Geometry ;  Science  ;  Trigonometry. 

114 


Mat-Med]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Matrimony.     See  Marriage. 

Matter.      See     also    Atoms ;     Materialism ; 

Molecules ;  Physics. 

Refer  from  Dynamics  ;  Mechanics  ;  Phi- 
losophy; Physics. 

Maxims.      See    also  Epigrams ;     Proverbs ; 

Quotations. 

Refer  from  Adages ;  Aphorisms ;  Apo- 
thegms ;  Epigrams ;  Laconics ;  Litera- 
ture ;  Proverbs ;  Quotations  ;  Sayings. 

Meals.     See  Dining;  Eating;  Food. 

Measures.  See  Mensuration;  Weights  and 
measures. 

Meat.    See  also  Animal  food. 
Refer  from  Animal  food ;  Food. 

Mechanic  arts.    See  Arts,  useful. 

Mechanical  drawing.  See  also  Architect- 
ural drawing ;  Geometrical  drawing ; 
Graphics ;  Projection. 
Refer  from  Drawing ;  Engineering ;  Geo- 
metrical drawing;  Graphics;  Industrial 
drawing ;  Machinery  ;  Mathematical  draw- 
ing; Pattern-making. 

Mechanical  engineering.  See  Engineering; 
Machinery ;  Mechanics. 

Mechanics.  See  also  Aerial  navigation ; 
Engineering ;  Fluids ;  Force  ;  Friction ; 
Gases  ;  Hydraulic  engineering  ;  Liquids  ; 
Machinery ;  Matter ;  Motion  ;  Motors ; 
Perpetual  motion ;  Physics ;  Power ; 
Statics ;  Steam-engine ;  Strength  of 
materials. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Dynamics ; 
Engineering ;  Fluids  ;  Force  ;  Hydrau- 
lics ;  Hydrodynamics ;  Hydromechanics ; 
Hydrostatics ;  Kinematics  ;  Kinetics ; 
Machinery ;  Mathematics ;  Mechanical 
engineering ;  Motion ;  Physics  ;  Power ; 
Statics. 

Mechanics  (persons). 
Refer  from  Biography. 

Medals.    See  Coins  and  medals. 

Medical  botany. 
Refer  from  Botany. 

Medical  chemistry. 
Refer  from  Chemistry. 

Medical  education. 

Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities; 
Education ;  Medical  schools. 

Medical  electricity. 

Refer  from  Electricity ;  Electrotherapeu- 
tics ;  Therapeutics. 

Medical  jurisprudence.     See  also  Autopsy; 


Med-Mem]  LIST  OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Infanticide ;  Insanity ;  Malpractice  ;  Poi- 
sons ;  Suicide. 
Refer  from  Insanity ;  Law  ;  Poisons. 

Medical  schools.  See  Medical  education. 
/Medicine.  See  also  Accidents ;  Allopathy ; 
Anatomy ;  Anesthetics ;  Animal  mag- 
netism ;  Antiseptics  ;  Asylums  ;  Autopsy ; 
Bacteria ;  Contagion ;  Diagnosis  ;  Germ 
theory ;  Heredity ;  Histology ;  Home- 
opathy ;  Hospitals ;  Hydropathy ;  Hy- 
giene;  Hygiene,  public;  Inoculation; 
Invalids ;  Malaria ;  Materia  medica ; 
Medical ;  Microscope  ;  Military  hygiene  ; 
Mind  and  body ;  Naval  hygiene ;  Nurses 
and  nursing ;  Pathology ;  Pharmacy ; 
Physicians ;  Physiology ;  Poisons ;  Quacks 
and  quackery ;  Stimulants  and  narcotics ; 
Surgery ;  Therapeutics ;  Vaccination ; 
Veterinary  medicine-;  Woman,  Dis- 
eases. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Homeopathy ; 
Hygiene ;  Pathology  ;  Physiology ;  Sci- 
ence ;  Surgery ;  Therapeutics  ;  Woman, 
Diseases. 

Medicine,  practice  of.  See  also  Apoplexy; 
Asthma ;  Black  death  ;  Bronchitis  ;  Can- 
cer ;  Catarrh ;  Chicken  pox ;  Children, 
Diseases ;  Cholera ;  Clinical  medicine ; 
Cold ;  Consumption ;  Croup ;  Deafness ; 
Dyspepsia ;  Hay-fever ;  Headache  ;  Heat- 
stroke ;  Hysteria ;  Idiocy ;  Influenza  ;  In- 
sanity ;  Insomnia ;  Lockjaw ;  Malpractice ; 
Nervous  system  ;  Neuralgia ;  Nurses  and 
nursing ;  Paralysis  ;  Parasites  ;  Plague ; 
Pneumonia;  Rheumatism;  Scarlatina; 
Scarlet  fever ;  Seasickness  ;  Smallpox ; 
Somnambulism ;  Sore  throat ;  Surgery ; 
Teeth  ;  Therapeutics  ;  Tumors  ;  Vario- 
loid  ;  Voice ;  Woman,  Diseases. 

Medieval  art,  geography,  etc.  See  Art, 
Geography,  etc.,  under  which  subdivi- 
sions may  be  made  if  necessary. 

Medieval  history.    See  Middle  ages. 

Meditations.    See  Devotional  exercises. 

Memoirs.  See  Biography;  also  names  of 
individuals. 

Memorial  day. 
Refer  from  Decoration  day ;  Holidays. 

Memory. 

Refer  from  Education;  Intellect;  Mental 
discipline ;  Mnemonics ;  Philosophy ; 
Psychology ;  Teaching. 

116 


Men-Met]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Menageries. 
Refer  from  Mammals  ;  Zoological  gardens  ; 

Zoology. 

Mendicity.     See  Begging. 
•^Mensuration.     See  also  Gaging;    Geodesy; 
Metric    system  ;     Surveying  ;     Weights 
and  measures. 

Refer  from  Arithmetic;  Engineering; 
Geometry  ;  Mathematics  ;  Measures  ; 
Metrology  ;  Trigonometry  ;  Weights  and 
measures. 

Mental  arithmetic.    6V*  Arithmetic. 
Mental  discipline.     See  Education  ;  Memory. 
/Mental   diseases.     See  Brain;   Idiocy;   Illu- 
L    jimisMnsanityT^^  _T7ien 

^Mental    philosophy.     See    Philosophy;  Psy- 

chology. 

Mental  physiology.     See  Mind  and  body. 
Mental  suggestion.     See  Animal  magnetism  ; 

Hypnotism. 

Mercantile  law.     See  Commercial  law. 
Merchandise.     See  Commerce. 
Merchants.    See  also  Business  ;  Commerce  ; 
Commercial  law;  Commercial  travelers. 
Refer  from  Biography  ;    Business  ;    Com- 

merce. 
Mercury. 
Refer  from  Amalgamation  ;  Metals  ;  Mines 

and  mining  ;  Quicksilver. 
Mesmerism.     .feg^Animal  magnetising  Hyp- 

notism. 
Messiah.    See  also  Jesus  Christ. 

Jlefer  from  Jews.  . 

^Metal-work.  See  also  Brasses  ;  Bronzes  ; 
Cutlery  ;  Goldsmithing  ;  Hardware  ; 
Ironwork  ;  Jewelry  ;  Plate  ;  Plating  ; 
Silversmithing  ;  Soldering. 
Refer  from  Architecture;  Arts,  fine; 
Arts,  useful  ;  Decoration  and  ornament  ; 
Hardware  ;  Manufactures  ;  Metals. 
Metallurgy.  See  Metals. 
Metals.  See  also  Alchemy  ;  Alloys  ;  Amalga- 
mation ;  Annealing  ;  Assaying  ;  Blowpipe  ; 
Brass  ;  Bronze  ;  Casting  ;  Chemistry  ; 
Electrometallurgy  ;  Gold  :  Hardware  ; 
Iron  ;  Lead  ;  Mercury  ;  *  Metal-work  ; 
Mineralogy  ;  Mines  and  mining  ;  Pattern- 
making  ;  Precious  metals  ;  Silver  ;  Steel  ; 
Wire. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful  ;  Assaying  ;  Chem- 
istry ;  Geology  ;  Manufactures  ;  Metal- 
lurgy ;  Mineralogy  ;  Mines  and  mining  ; 
Ores  ;  Smelting. 

117 


Met-Mil]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Metaphor.     See  also  Rhetoric. 

Refer  from  Rhetoric. 

Metaphysics.    See  Philosophy;  Psychology. 
Metempsychosis.     See  Transmigration. 
Meteorites.    See  Meteors. 

V Meteorology.  See  also  Air ;  Aurora  ;  Barom- 
eter; Climate;  Clouds;  Cold;  Dew; 
Electricity;  Evaporation;  Fog;  Frost; 
Hail;  Heat;  Ice;  Lightning;  Meteors; 
Ocean ;  Physical  geography ;  Rain ; 
Rainbow ;  Seasons ;  Snow ;  Storms ; 
Temperature ;  Thermometer ;  Thunder- 
storms ;  Waterspouts  ;  Weather ;  Winds. 
Refer  from  Air ;  Atmosphere ;  Climate ; 
Clouds  ;  Earth  ;  Physical  geography ; 
Physics;  Rain;  Science;  Sky;  Water; 
Weather ;  Winds. 
Meteors. 

Refer  from  Aerolites  ;   Astronomy ;  Fall- 
ing   stars ;     Meteorites ;     Meteorology ; 

Shooting-stars ;  Stars.  j~- 

Methodism.     See  also  Episcopacy.  jlkLJUbsv-CvQ      *£**  W-^-fi^^Mx-A 

Refer  from  Church  polity ;  Episcopacy.  ( 

Methodist  episcopal  church. 

Refer   from    Episcopal    church ;     Sects ; 

Wesleyans. 

Metre.     See  also  Poetry ;  Prosody ;  Versifi- 
cation. 

Refer  from  Poetry ;  Prosody ;  Versification. 
Metric  system.     See  also  Decimal  system ; 

Weights  and  measures. 
Refer  from  Arithmetic ;  Decimal  system  ; 
Mathematics ;     Mensuration ;     Weights 
and  measures. 
Metrology.     See  Mensuration ;  Weights  and 

measures. 

Microbes.    See  Bacteria;  Fungi. 
Microphotography.     See  Photomicrography. 
%/Microscope.     See  also  Photomicrography. 
Refer  from  Animalcules  ;   Botany  ;  Histol- 
ogy ;  Light ;  Medicine ;  Natural  history ; 
Optical  instruments  ;  Science  ;  Zoology. 
i/Middle    ages.     See    also  Castles ;  Chivalry ; 
Crusades;  Feudalism;  Inquisition;  Mo- 
nasticism ;  Renaissance. 
Refer     from      Archaeology ;       Chivalry ; 
Church   history;  Crusades;  Dark  ages; 
Feudalism  ;  History ;  History,  medieval ; 
History,    modern ;     Medieval    history ; 
Renaissance. 
Military    architecture.     See    also   Arsenals; 

Castles ;  Fortification. 
Refer  from    Architecture,  military;   Cas- 

118 


Mil-Mil]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

ties ;    Fortification ;     Military    art     and 
science ;  Military  engineering. 

Military  art  and  science.  See  also  Ammu- 
nition ;  Arms  and  armor ;  Artillery ; 
Battles ;  Bayonet ;  Camps  ;  Cavalry ; 
Chariots  ;  Conscription  ;  Explosives ; 
Fencing ;  Firearms  ;  Flags  ;  Fortifica- 
tion ;  Gunnery ;  Hospitals  ;  Infantry ; 
Martial  law ;  Military  architecture ;  Mili- 
tary biography;  Military  education; 
Military  engineering;  Military  history; 
Military  hygiene  ;  Military  law  ;  Military 
surgery ;  Militia ;  Mutiny ;  Naval  art  and 
science  ;  Ordnance  ;  Peace  ;  Projectiles ; 
Sieges  ;  Signals  ;  Soldiers ;  Sword  ;  Tac- 
tics ;  Tents ;  Torpedoes. 
Refer  from  Army ;  Artillery ;  Cavalry ; 
Drill ;  Fighting ;  Infantry ;  Ordnance ; 
Science ;  Sieges ;  Soldiers ;  Strategy ; 
Tactics ;  War. 

Military    biography.      See    also    Generals; 

Soldiers. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Generals ;  Military 
art  and  science ;  Military  history ; 
Soldiers. 

Military  education. 

Refer  from  Education ;  Military  art  and 
science ;  Military  schools. 

Military  engineering.  See  also  Bridges ;  En- 
gineering ;  Fortification ;  Military  archi- 
tecture. 

Refer  from  Engineering ;  Military  art  and 
science. 

Military  history.  See  also  Battles ;  Military 
biography ;  Naval  history  ;  Sieges  ;  also 
names  of  countries,  wars,  battles,  places 
besieged,  generals,  etc. 
Refer  from  History ;  Military  art  and 
science. 

Military  hygiene.     See  also  Military  surgery; 

Naval  hygiene. 

Refer  from  Hygiene  ;  Medicine  ;  Military 
art  and  science. 

Military  law.    See  also  Courts  martial ;  Martial 

law. 

Refer  from  Courts  martial ;  Law  ;  Martial 
law ;  Military  art  and  science. 

Military  schools.     See  Military  education. 

Military    surgery.      See    also    Ambulances ; 
Amputation  ;  Naval    surgery ;   Wounds. 
Refer  from    Military    art    and    science; 
Military  hygiene ;  Naval  surgery ;   Sur- 
gery. 

119 


Mil-Min] 


LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 


Militia.     See    also    names     of    states    and 

countries. 

Refer  from  Military  art  and  science. 
Milk.     See  also  Butter ;  Cheese  ;  Cow  ;  Dairy. 
Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Beverages  ;  Cat- 
tle ;  Cow  ;  Dairy  ;  Food. 
Millennium.      See   also   Future    life;    Jesus 

Christ ;  Second  advent. 
Refer  from    Future    life ;    Jesus    Christ ; 

Second  advent;  Theology. 
Millerites.    See  Second  adventists. 
Millinery.    See  also  Costume  ;  Hats  ;  Head- 
gear. 

Refer  from  Costume  ;  Hats  ;  Head-gear. 
Mills.    See  also  Factories ;  Machinery  ;  Manu- 
factures. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Factories ;  Ma- 
chinery ;  Manufactures. 
yMind.     See  Intellect ;  Psychology. 
v  Mind /and  body.    See #/.ftm.nimal  magnetism  ; 
rorain ;   Dreams  ;   i/Hypnotism  ;    Idiocy ; 
Insanity ;  Nervous  system  ;  ^Psychology ; 
Subconsciousness . 

Refer  from  Body  and  mind ;  Brain  ;  Faith- 
cure  ;  Hygiene ;  Insanity ;  Medicine ; 
Mental  physiology ;  Mind-cure  ;  Nervous 
system  ;  Philosophy ;  Physiology  ;  Psy- 
chology. 

Mind-cure.     See  Animal  magnetism ;  Chris- 
tian   science ;     Faith-cure ;     Mind    and 
body. 
Mind-reading.     See  also  Animal  magnetism  ; 

Clairvoyance ;  Hypnotism. 
Refer  from  Animal  magnetism  ;  Clairvoy- 
ance ;  Psychology ;  Spiritualism  ;  Telep- 
athy ;  Thought-transference. 
Mineralogy.     See  also  Assaying ;  Blowpipe  ; 
Coal ;       Crystallography ;       Diamonds ; 
Gems ;    Geology ;   Metals ;    Mines    and 
mining;  Precious  stones  ;  Rocks  ;  Stone. 
Refer  from  Blowpipe  ;   Chemistry ;   Crys- 
tallography ;       Diamonds ;        Geology ; 
Metals ;    Mines    and    mining ;    Natural 
history ;  Ores  ;  Rocks ;  Science. 
Mines  and  mining.    See  also  Blasting ;  Coal ; 
Engineering ;   Explosives  ;  Gold ;    Iron  ; 
Lead ;   Mercury ;    Metals  ;    Mineralogy ; 
Silver;  Tunnels;  Ventilation. 
Refer  from  Arts,    useful;   Coal;   Earth; 
Engineering ;  Geology  ;  Gold  ;  Hydraulic 
engineering ;  Iron  ;  Machinery ;  Metals ; 
Mineralogy ;  Mining ;  Ores  ;  Quarrying ; 
Silver. 


(L-ls 


O-UJk.-«JL-o 


120 


Min-Mod]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Miniature  painting. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Painting ;  Portrait 

painting. 

Mining.     See  Mines  and  mining. 
Ministers  (of  the  gospel) .     See  also  Christian 
biography ;    Clergy ;   Curates  ;   Mission- 
aries ;    Ordination ;  Preachers  ;    Preach- 
ing; Priests. 

Refer  from    Biography ;    Christian  biog- 
raphy ;  Church  polity  ;  Clergy  ;  Parsons ; 
Pastors  ;  Preachers  ;  Priests  ;  Rectors. 
Ministers  (of  state).    See  also  Ambassadors  ; 
Chancellors;    Diplomacy;    International 
law;  Prime  ministers  ;  Treaties. 
Refer  from  Biography. 
Minnesingers. 

Refer  from   Bards  ;    Lyric  poetry  ;    Min- 
strels ;  Poetry ;  Poets. 
Minorities. 
Refer  from  Election  (in  politics)  ;  Political 

science ;  Representation. 
Minstrels.     See  also   Bards ;    Minnesingers ; 

Troubadours ;  Trouveres. 
Refer  from  Bards  ;  Poets. 
Mint.     See  U.  S.,  Mint ;  also  names  of  other 

countries. 
Miracle-plays.     See  also  Drama.. 

Refer  from  Drama ;  Morality-plays ;  Mys- 
teries (dramatic)  ;  Passion-play ;  Theatre. 
Miracles.       See    also   Jesus    Christ ;    Mary, 

virgin ;  Relics  ;  Saints  ;  Spiritualism. 
Refer  from  Bible ;  Catholic  church  ;  Chris- 
tianity ;   Church  history ;   Jesus  Christ ; 
Relics ;    Religion ;   Supernatural ;    The- 
ology. 
Mirrors. 

Refer  from  Furniture  ;  Looking-glasses. 
Missals. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church ;  Liturgies. 
Missionaries. 

Refer  from   Biography;    Christian    biog- 
raphy; Evangelists;  Heroes;   Ministers 
(of  the  gospel). 
"  Missions.     See  also  Conversion;   Revivals; 

Tract  societies. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Christianity ; 
Church  history ;  Conversion ;  Foreign 
missions ;  Home  missions ;  Religion ; 
Theology. 

Mistakes.     See  Blunders. 
Mnemonics.     See  Memory. 
Mobs.     See  Lynch  law  ;  Riots. 
Modern    art,   geography,   history,   etc.    See 

121 


Mod-Mon]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Art,  Geography,  History,  etc.,  under 
which  subdivisions  may  be  made  if  neces- 
sary. 

Mohammedanism.       See    also      Dervishes; 

Koran. 

Refer  from  Islam  ;  Koran  ;  Mahommedan- 
ism  ;  Polygamy  ;  Religions. 

Molding.     See  Casting. 

Molecules.      See    also    Atoms ;    Chemistry ; 

Physics. 

Refer  from  Atoms ;  Chemistry  ;  Matter ; 
Physics. 

Mollusks.     See  also  Oyster ;  Pearls. 
Refer  from    Conchology ;    Invertebrates  ; 
Malacology ;    Marine   zoology  ;    Shells  ; 
Zoology. 

Monarchy.  See  also  Coronations ;  Democ- 
racy ;  Despotism ;  Emperors ;  Kings ; 
Queens ;  Tyranny. 

Refer  from  Democracy ;  Executive  power ; 
Kings  ;  Magistrates ;  Political  science  ; 
Princes ;  Queens  ;  Royalty  ;  Rulers ; 
Sovereigns. 

Monasteries.     See  also  Abbeys;    Convents; 

Monasticism  ;  Nunneries. 
Refer  from   Catholic   church  ;    Convents ; 
/        Monasticism. 

Monasticism.  See  also  Asceticism ;  Bene- 
dictines ;  Brotherhoods ;  Buddhism ; 
Capuchins  ;  Carthusians  ;  Celibacy ;  Cis- 
tercians ;  Convents  ;  Dominicans  ;  Fran- 
ciscans; Jesuits;  Monasteries;  Nun- 
neries ;  Nuns ;  Sisterhoods. 
Refer  from  Abbeys  ;  Asceticism  ;  Brother- 
hoods ;  Catholic  church  ;  Christian  biog- 
raphy ;  Christian  life ;  Church  history ; 
Church  polity ;  Convents  ;  Friars  ;  Middle 
ages  ;  Monasteries  ;  Monks  ;  Nunneries ; 
Orders,  monastic ;  Religion ;  Religious 

/    orders ;  Sisterhoods. 

^^loney.  See  also  Bank  notes ;  Banks  and 
banking ;  Bimetallism  ;  Business ;  Capi- 
tal ;  Coins  and  medals ;  Commerce ; 
Counterfeits  ;  Credit ;  Decimal  system ; 
Exchange ;  Finance ;  Free  coinage ; 
Gold;  Greenbacks;  Interest;  Invest- 
ments; Legal  tender;  Paper  money; 
Prices ;  Silver ;  Stock  exchange ;  Wealth. 
Refer  from  Banks  and  banking ;  Bills  of 
credit ;  Bills  of  exchange  ;  Bimetallism  ; 
Bullion ;  Business ;  Capital ;  Coinage  ; 
Coins  and  medals  ;  Commerce  ;  Counter- 
feits ;  Credit ;  Currency ;  Economics ; 

122 


Mon-Mor]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Exchange ;     Finance ;     Free    coinage ; 
Gold  ;  Legal  tender  ;  Paper  money  ;  Pre- 
cious metals ;  Silver ;  Specie ;  Stock  ex- 
change ;  Value ;  Wealth. 
Monkeys.     See  also  Apes  ;  Gorilla. 

Refer  from  Apes ;  Mammals  ;  Zoology. 
Monks.    See  Hermits  ;  Monasticism. 
Monograms.    See  also  Alphabets. 
Refer  from  Alphabets ;    Decoration    and 

ornament. 
^'Monopolies.     See  also  Capital ;  Competition  ; 

Grangers ;  Trusts. 

Refer  from  Capital ;  Commerce  ;  Compe- 
tition ;  Economics ;  Trusts. 
Monotheism. 

Refer  from  God  ;  Theology. 
Monroe  doctrine. 

Refer  from  International  law. 
Monsters.     See  also  Dwarfs ;  Giants. 
Refer  from  Deformities;  Man;  Monstros- 
ities ;  Physiology ;  Zoology. 

..  ...        c    „ 

Monstrosities.     See  Monsters. 

Months.   See  also  Seasons  ;  Year ;  also  names 

of  months. 
Refer  from  Year. 

Monuments.  See  also  Archaeology;  Arches 
of  triumph;  Brasses;  Inscriptions; 
Obelisks  ;  Pyramids  ;  Sculpture  ;  Tombs  ; 
Tombstones. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;   Burial ;  Sculpt- 
ure. 
Moon.     See  also  Eclipses  ;  Tides. 

Refer  from  Astronomy  ;  Eclipses  ;  Planets. 
Moot  courts. 

Refer  from  Courts  ;  Law. 
Moraines.     See  also  Boulders  ;  Glaciers. 
Refer  from  Boulders;  Geology;  Glaciers; 
Physical  geography. 

i^Moral  education.     See  also  Religious  educa- 
tion. 
Refer  from  Education;  Ethics;  Religious 

education. 

Moral  philosophy.     See  Ethics. 
Morality-plays.     See  Miracle-plays. 
Moravians. 

Refer  from  Sects  ;  United  brethren. 
Mormonism. 
Refer  from  Latter-day  saints;  Polygamy; 

Religions ;  Sects. 
Morphia.     See  also  Opium. 
Refer  from  Opium;   Stimulants  and  nar- 
cotics. 


Mor-Mou]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Morphology.     See    also   Anatomy ;   Embry- 
ology ;  Histology. 
Refer  from  Physiology. 
Mortality. 

Refer  from  Death  rate  ;  Vital  statistics. 
Mortar.    See  Cement. 
Mortgages. 

Refer  from  Contracts  ;  Investments  ;  Law ; 
Negotiable  instruments  ;  Property ;  Real 
property;  Securities. 
Mosaics. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine ;  Decoration  and 
ornament ;  Floors  ;  Pavements ;  Wall 
decoration. 

Mosses.    See  also  Algae ;  Lichens. 
Refer  from  Botany ;    Bryology ;    Crypto- 
gams. 

Mothers.    See  also  Children. 
Refer   from    Children ;     Family  ;    Love ; 

Maternity ;  Parents ;  Wives  ;  Woman. 
Moths.    See  also  Caterpillars  ;  Lepidoptera. 

Refer  from  Insects  ;  Lepidoptera. 
Motion.     See  also  Force  ;  Locomotion  ;  Me- 
chanics ;  Motors ;  Perpetual  motion. 
Refer  from  Dynamics  ;    Kinematics  ;   Ki- 
netics ;  Mechanics ;  Physics. 
Motors.   See  also  Compressed  air ;  Dynamos ; 
Electric     motors ;     Engines ;     Locomo- 
tives ;  Machinery ;  Steam-engine ;  Water- 
wheels  ;  Windmills. 

Refer  from  Machinery  ;   Mechanics  ;   Mo- 
tion ;  Physics ;  Power. 
Mottoes.     See  also  Devices. 

Refer  from  Devices  ;  Literature. 
Mould.     See  also  Fungi. 

Refer  from  Fungi. 
Moulding.    See  Casting. 
{/Mound- builders.     See  also   Indians;  U.  S., 

Antiquities. 

Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Ethnology  ;  In- 
dians of  North  America. 
Mounds.    See  also  Shell  mounds. 
Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Barrows  ;  Burial ; 

Tombs ;  Tumuli. 

Mountaineering.    See  also  Alpine  clubs. 
Refer  from    Alpine    clubs ;    Mountains ; 

Sports. 

Mountains.  See  also  Alpine  clubs ;  Alpine 
plants ;  Alpine  zoology ;  Avalanches ; 
Geology ;  Mountaineering ;  Physical 
geography ;  Volcanoes ;  also  names  of 
mountains. 
Refer,  from  Geology ;  Physical  geography, 

124 


Mou-Mus] 


LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 


Mouth.     See  also  Lockjaw  ;  Teeth. 

Refer  from  Anatomy  ;  Face  ;  Head. 
Mummies.     See  also  Embalming. 
Refer  from    Archaeology  ;    Burial  ;    Em- 

balming. 
Municipal  corporations.     See  also  Municipal 

government  ;  Towns. 
Refer  from  Corporations  ;  Law  ;  Municipal 

government  ;  Municipal  law. 
*  Municipal    government.     See    also    Cities; 
Local  government  ;   Municipal  corpora- 
tions. 

Refer  from    Cities;    Local    government; 
Municipal  corporations  ;  Political  science  ; 
Towns. 
Municipal  law.      See  Law  ;   Municipal  cor- 

porations. 

Mural  decoration.     See  Wall  decoration. 
Murder.     See    also    Assassination;    Infanti- 
cide ;  Poisons  ;  Suicide  ;  Treason  ;  Trials. 
Refer  from  Assassination  ;  Criminal  law  ; 

Death  ;  Homicide  ;  Law. 
Museums.     See  also  Art  galleries  ;  Botanical 
museums  ;   Exhibitions  ;   also  names   of 
museums. 

Refer  from  Exhibitions. 
Mushrooms.     See  also  Fungi. 

Refer  from  Food  ;  Fungi  ;  Toadstools. 
'  Music.  See  also  Anthems  ;  Cantatas  ;  Car- 
ols ;  Chanting  ;  Chants  ;  Church  music  ; 
Composition  ;  Concerts  ;  Counterpoint^ 
Duets  ;  Glees  ;  Harmony  ;  Hymns  ;|xfn- 
strumental  music;  Instrumentation; 
Masses  ;  Musical  education  ;  Musical 
instruments  ;  Musicians  ;  National  songs  ; 
Opera  ;  Oratorio  ;  School  music  ;  Sing- 
ing ;  ^Songs  ;  Sound  ;  Symphonies  ; 


Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Arts,  fine  ;  Com- 
position, musical  ;  Criticism  ;  Esthetics  : 
Harmony;  Instrumental  music;  Singing; 
Sound  ;  Vocal  music  ;  Voice. 
Musical  education.     See  also  Voice. 

Refer  from  Education  ;  Music. 
/^Musical  instruments.    See  also  Instrumental 
music  ;       Instrumentation  ;      Orchestral 
music  ;     Organ  ;     Pianoforte  ;     Tuning  ; 
Violin. 

Refer  from  Instrumental   music  ;  ^Instru- 

ments ;  Music. 
Musicians.     See  also  Pianists  ;  Singers. 

Refer  from  Artists  ;  Authors  ;  Biography  ; 
Composers;  Music. 


CL*-okxx~yj       - 


135 


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Mut-Nat]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Mutiny. 
Refer  from  Criminal  law ;  Law ;  Maritime 

law  ;  Military  art  and  science. 
Mutual     benefit     societies.      See    Friendly 

societies. 

Mycology.     See  Fungi. 
Mysteries  (dramatic).     See  Miracle-plays. 
Mysteries  (religious) .     See  also  Mythology. 

Refer  from  Mythology ;  Religion. 
Mysticism.     See  also  Rosicrucians. 

Refer  from   Philosophy  ;    Religion  ;    The- 
/      ology. 

Y  Mythology.  See  also  Animals,  legends  and 
stories  of;  Animals,  worship  of;  Ar- 
chaeology ;  Argonauts  ;  Aryans  ;  Classical 
dictionaries  ;  Fairy  tales  ;  Fauns  ;  Folk- 
lore ;  Indians  ;  Legends  ;  Mysteries  ;  Re- 
ligions ;  Sagas  ;  Superstition  ;  Totems. 
Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Classical  an- 
tiquities ;  Ethnology ;  Folk-lore  ;  God  ; 
Heroes  ;  Legends  ;  Mysteries  (religious)  ; 
Religion ;  Religions  ;  Superstition. 
Names  (geographical). 

Refer   from     Etymology ;     Geographical 

names ;  Geography ;  Language. 
Names    (personal) .     See    also    Nicknames ; 

Pseudonyms. 
Refer  from  Etymology  ;  Language  ;  Proper 

names ;  Surnames. 

Narcotics.     See  Stimulants  and  narcotics. 
Nasal  passages.     See  Nose. 
National  banks.     See  Banks. 
^National  songs.     See  also  Folk-songs< 

Refer  from  Folk-songs  ;  Music  ,Voongs. 
Nationalism.     See  Socialism. 
Nations,  law  of.     See  International  law. 
Natural   history.     See  also  Aquarium ;    Biol- 
ogy ;  Botany  ;  Chemistry  ;  Classification  ; 
Evolution  ;    Geology ;    Hunting ;    Man ; 
Microscope  ;     Mineralogy ;    Naturalists  ; 
Nature;   Nature  study;  Ocean;  Paleon- 
tology;   Physical  geography;    Physics; 
Science  ;  Taxidermy  ;  Zoology. 
Refer  from     Biology ;    Botany ;    History, 
natural ;   Natural  science  ;  Nature  ;  Out- 
door life  ;  Science  ;  Zoology. 
Natural  philosophy.     See  Physics. 
Natural  religion.     See  also  Atheism;   Chris- 
tianity ;  Creation  ;  Deism  ;    Ethics  ;  Fut- 
ure life ;  God  ;  Religion  ;  Religion  and 
science ;  Theology 
Refer  from    Atheism ;  God';  Natural  the- 

126 


Nat-Nav]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

ology  ;   Philosophy ;  Religion ;  Religion 
and  science ;  Theology. 
Natural     science.       See     Natural     history ; 

Physics ;  Science. 
Natural  selection.     See  Evolution. 
Natural  theology.    See  Natural  religion. 
Naturalists.    See  also  Scientists. 

Refer  from  Authors ;  Biography  ;  Natural 

history ;  Scientists. 
Naturalization.     See  also  Citizenship. 

Refer  from  Aliens  ;   Allegiance  ;    Citizen- 
ship;   Immigration;    International   law; 
Suffrage. 
Nature.     See  also    Earth;    Natural   history; 

Science. 
Refer  from  Natural  history  ;  Philosophy ; 

Physical  geography ;  Science. 
I^Jature  study.     See  also  Object-teaching. 
Refer    from    Education ;     Kindergarten ; 
Natural   history;    Object- teaching;    Sci- 
ence ;  Teaching. 
Nautical  almanacs. 

Refer     from      Almanacs ;      Astronomy ; 

Ephemerides ;  Navigation. 
Nautical    astronomy.      See    also    Latitude ; 

Longitude ;  Navigation. 
Refer  from  Astronomy  ;  Navigation. 
Nautical   surveying.      See    also  Navigation ; 

Surveying. 

Refer  from  Hydrography ;  Marine  sur- 
veying ;  Maritime  surveying ;  Naviga- 
tion ;  Surveying. 

Naval  architecture.  See  Ship-building. 
Naval  art  and  science.  See  also  Armored 
vessels;  Blockade;  Naval  artillery; 
Naval  biography  ;  Naval  history  ;  Naval 
hygiene ;  Naval  tactics ;  Navigation ; 
Privateering ;  Ship-building ;  Submarine 
warfare ;  Torpedoes. 

Refer  from    Fighting;    Military  art    and 
science  ;  Naval  warfare  ;  Navy ;  Science  ; 
Sea  power ;  Ships ;  Strategy  ;  War. 
Naval  artillery. 
Refer    from    Artillery ;    Naval     art   and 

science ;  Ordnance. 
Naval  battles.     See  Naval  history. 
Naval  biography.   See  also  Admirals  ;  Sailors. 
Refer  from  Admirals  ;  Biography  ;  Naval 
art  and  science  ;  Naval  history ;  Sailors. 
Naval     history.      See    also    Battles ;    Buc- 
caneers ;  Naval  biography ;  Navigation ; 
Pirates ;  Privateering. 
Refer  from     History;     Military   history; 

127 


Nav-Neg]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Naval  art  and  science;   Naval  battles; 
Navigation ;  Sea  power. 

Naval  hygiene.  See  also  Quarantine ;  Sea- 
sickness. 

Refer  from  Hygiene  ;  Medicine  ;  Military 
hygiene  ;  Naval  art  and  science. 

Naval     surgery.       See     also     Amputation ; 

Military  surgery ;  Wounds. 
Refer  from  Military  surgery ;  Surgery. 

Naval  tactics. 
Refer  from  Naval  art  and  science  ;  Tactics. 

Naval  warfare.     See  Naval  art  and  science. 

Navigation.  See  also  Aerial  navigation ; 
Beacons ;  Boating ;  Canals  ;  Canoeing ; 
Coast  pilots  ;  Collisions  ;  Commerce ; 
Compass  ;  Harbors  ;  Inland  navigation ; 
Knots ;  Latitude ;  Life-boats ;  Light- 
houses ;  Longitude  ;  Nautical  almanacs ; 
Nautical  astronomy ;  Nautical  surveying ; 
Naval  history ;  Ocean ;  Pirates ;  Row- 
ing ;  Sailing ;  Sailors ;  Ship-building ; 
Ships ;  Shipwrecks ;  Signals ;  Steam 
navigation ;  Voyages  and  travels ; 
Yachting. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Astronomy ; 
Boating ;  Carriers ;  Commerce ;  Loco- 
motion ;  Mathematics ;  Nautical  astron- 
omy ;  Nautical  surveying ;  Naval  art 
and  science ;  Naval  history ;  Ocean ; 
Sailing ;  Seamanship ;  Ships ;  Steam 
navigation ;  Trigonometry ;  Vessels ; 
Yachting. 

Navy.      See    Naval  art    and    science ;    also  (X  •  O  • 

names  of  countries,  subhead  Navy. 

Nebute. 
Refer  from  Astronomy. 

Necessity.     See   also    Liberty  of   the  will ; 

Predestination. 

Refer  from  Liberty  of  the  will ;  Phi- 
losophy. 

Necromancy.     See  Conjuring;  Witchcraft. 

Needlework.  See  also  Dressmaking ;  Em- 
broidery ;  Fancy  work ;  Lace ;  Sewing 
schools ;  Tapestry. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine ;  Domestic  economy ; 
Dressmaking ;  Embroidery ;  Fancy  work ; 
Lace  ;  Manufactures ;  Sewing ;  Woman. 

Negligence. 
Refer  from  Law. 

Negotiable    instruments.      See  also  Bonds ; 
Commercial  law ;    Exchange  ;  Interest ; 
Investments ;  Mortgages  ;  Stocks. 
Refer  from  Commercial  law  ;  Law. 

128 


Neg-Nob]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Negroes.      See   also    African     colonization ; 
Color  of  man ;  Freedmen  ;  Slave-trade ; 
Slavery. 
Refer  from  Colored  people ;  Ethnology ; 

Freedmen ;  Slavery. 
Nerves. 

/  Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Nervous  system. 
^  Nervous  system    (including  diseases).     See 
also   Brain ;    Headache ;    Hysteria ;    In- 
sanity ;  Mind  and  body ;  Nerves ;  Neu- 
ralgia ;  Spine ;  Temperament. 
Refer  from  Anatomy  ;    Brain ;    Insanity ; 
Medicine,  practice  of;  Mind  and  body; 
Neurology ;    Physiology ;    Spine  ;    Tem- 
perament. 
Nestorians. 

Refer  from  Eastern  churches ;  Sects. 
Nests.     See  also  Birds  ;  Eggs. 
Refer  from  Birds  ;  Zoology. 
Neuralgia. 
Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of;  Nervous 

system. 

Neurology.     See  Nervous  system. 
Neutrality.      See     also     Blockade ;      Inter- 
national law. 
Refer  from  Blockade  ;  International  law  ; 

Law. 
New  church.      See  New  Jerusalem,   church 

of  the. 
New  Jerusalem,  church  of  the. 

Refer  from  New  church  ;  Sects  ;  Sweden- 

borgianism. 
New-year. 

Refer  from  Holidays. 
r. Newspapers.     See  also  Journalism ;   Liberty 

of  the  press  ;  Periodicals. 
Refer     from      Journalism ;      Literature ; 

Periodicals ;  Press. 
Nicene  creed. 

Refer  from  Church  of  England  ;  Creeds. 
Nicknames.     See  also  Pseudonyms. 

Refer  from   Names    (personal)  ;    Pseudo- 
nyms ;  Sobriquets ;   Soubriquets. 
Night.     See  also  Dew  ;  Dreams  ;  Nightmare  ; 

Sleep;  Somnambulism. 
Refer  from  Days. 
Nightmare.     See  also  Dreams. 

Refer    from   Dreams  ;    Incubus  ;    Night ; 

Sleep. 
Nihilism.     See  also  Anarchy  ;  Russia. 

Refer  from  Anarchy ;  Philosophy  ;  Politi- 
cal science ;  Secret  societies. 
Nobility.     See  Heraldry  ;  Peerage. 

129 


Noi-Nun]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Noise.     See  also  Sound. 

Refer  from  Sound. 
Noms  de  plume.     See  Pseudonyms. 
Nonconformists.     See   also  Church  of  Eng- 
land ;  Dissenters  ;  Nonjurors  ;  Puritans. 
Refer  from  Christian  biography  ;  Church 

of  England  ;  Dissenters  ;  Puritans. 
Nonjurors. 

Refer  from  Church  of  England  ;  Dissenters ; 

Nonconformists ;  Puritans. 
Nonresistance.     See  Peace. 
Normal  schools. 

Refer  from  Education  ;  Schools  ;  Teachers. 
North    American    Indians.      See    Indians  of 

North  America. 
North  pole.     See  also  Arctic  regions. 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions  ;  Earth  ;  Polar 

regions. 
Northeast  boundary  of  the  U.  S. 

Refer  from  Boundaries. 
Northeast  passage.     See  also  Arctic  regions. 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions. 
Northern  lights.  See  Aurora. 
Northmen.  See  also  America,  Discovery; 

Scandinavia. 
Refer  from  Vikings. 
Northwest  boundary  of  the  U.  S. 

Refer  from  Boundaries. 
Northwest  passage.     See  also  Arctic  regions. 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions. 
Nose.     See  also  Catarrh  ;  Smell. 

Refer  from  Anatomy  ;   Breathing  ;   Face  ; 

Head  ;  Nasal  passages  ;  Smell. 
Novelists. 

Refer  from  Authors  ;  Fiction. 
Novels.     See  Fiction. 
Nuisance  (law). 

Refer  from  Law. 
Nullification.     See  also  State  rights. 

Refer  from  Political  science  ;  State  rights. 
Numbers   [theory  of] .     See  also  Arithmetic  ; 

Numerals. 

Refer  from  Algebra  ;  Arithmetic  ;  Mathe- 
matics ;  Numerals. 
Numerals  [the  signs  and  words] .       See  also 

Numbers. 
Refer  from     Arithmetic ;     Mathematics ; 

Numbers. 

Numismatics.     See  Coins  and  medals. 
Nunneries.      See   also   Abbeys  ;    Convents  ; 

Monasticism  ;  Nuns. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church ;  Church 
history  ;  Convents  ;  Monasteries  ;  Monas- 
ticism ;  Nuns ;  Sisterhoods. 

130 


Nun-Ome]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Nuns.     See  also  Nunneries. 

Refer    front      Monasticism ;     Nunneries ; 

Sisterhoods ;  Woman. 
Nurses  and   nursing.      See   also   Accidents ; 

Diet ;  Hospitals. 

Refer  fro?  i  Hospitals  ;  Hygiene  ;  Invalids  ; 
Medicine  ;  Medicine,  practice  of;  Thera- 
peutics ;  Woman. 
Oaths.     See  also  Swearing. 

Refer    from    Ethics ;    Political    science ; 

Swearing. 
Obelisks. 

Refer  from   Archaeology  ;    Architecture  ; 

Monuments. 

Obesity.     See  Corpulence. 
Object-teaching.      See    also    Kindergarten ; 

Nature   study. 
Refer  from     Education ;     Kindergarten ; 

Nature  study ;  Teaching. 
Occult  sciences.     See  also  Alchemy  ;  Astrol- 
ogy ;  Divination  ;  Second  sight ;  Spirit- 
ualism ;  Theosophy ;  Witchcraft. 
Refer  from  Magic  ;  Superstition  ;  Witch- 
craft. 

Ocean.  See  also  Algae  ;  Commerce  ;  Dredg- 
ing ;  Marine  zoology ;  Naval ;  Naviga- 
tion ;  Phosphorescence ;  Physical  geog- 
raphy ;  Seashore  ;  Seasickness  ;  Ships  ; 
Shipwrecks ;  Tides ;  Voyages  and 
travels  ;  Water ;  Waves. 
Refer  from  Currents  ;  Dredging  ;  Marine 
zoology  ;  Meteorology  ;  Natural  history  ; 
Navigation  ;  Physical  geography  ;  Sea  ; 
Seashore  ;  Tides  ;  Water. 
Odd-fellows. 

Refer  from  Friendly  societies  ;  Independ- 
ent order  of  odd-fellows  ;  Secret  societies. 
Odes.     See  also  Lyric  poetry. 

Refer  from  Lyric  poetry  ;  Poetry.  >*\  i 

Odontology.     See  Teeth. 
Odors.     See  also  Perfumery  ;  Smell. 

Refer  from  Flowers  ;  Perfumes. 
Office,  tenure  of.     See  Civil  service. 
Oil.     See  also  Lamps  ;  Petroleum. 

Refer  from  Fat ;  Lighting. 
Oil-painting.     See  also  Painting. 

Refer  from  Painting. 

Old  age.     See  also  Age ;   Longevity ;   Pen- 
sions. 

Refer  from  Age  ;  Longevity. 
Omens.     See  also    Astrology ;    Divination ; 

Oracles. 

Refer  from  Divination  ;  Presages  ;  Signs ; 
Superstition ;  Warnings. 


Ont-Ord]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Ontology.     See  Being ;  Philosophy. 
Oology.     See  Birds  ;  Eggs. 
^/Opera.     See  also  Amateur  operas. 

Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Drama  ;  Music  ; 

Theatre. 

Ophthalmia.     See  Eye. 
Opium.     See  also  Morphia. 

Refer    from    Morphia ;    Stimulants    and 

narcotics ;  Temperance. 
Optical   instruments.     See   also   Astronomi- 
cal instruments  ;  Kaleidoscope  ;    Magic 
lantern  ;  Microscope  ;  Polariscope  ;  Spec- 
tacles ;    Spectrum  ;   Stereoscope  ;    Tele- 
scope. 
Refer  from  Instruments  ;    Light ;  Optics  ; 

Philosophical  instruments. 
Optics.     See  Light ;  Optical  instruments. 
Oracles. 

Refer  from  Omens  ;  Prophecies  ;  Religion  ; 

Superstition. 
Orations.     See  also  Oratory. 

Refer  from  Addresses  ;  Elocution  ;  Liter- 
ature ;  Oratory  ;  Readers  and  speakers  ; 
Speeches. 
Oratorio.     See  also  Cantatas. 

Refer  from  Church  music  ;  Music. 
Orators. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Elocution  ;  Speak- 
ers. 

i/Oratory.     See    also    Debating ;    Elocution ; 
Eloquence  ;    Gesture  ;    Lecturing  ;    Ora- 
tions ;  Preaching  ;  Rhetoric  ;  Voice. 
Refer  from    Debating ;    Elocution ;    Elo- 
quence ;  Orations  ;  Rhetoric  ;  Speaking ; 
Speeches ;  Voice. 
Orchards.     See  Fruit. 
Orchestral    music.      See    also    Instrumental 

music. 
Refer  from  Instrumental  music ;  Musical 

instruments. 
Orchids. 

Refer  from  Botany  ;  Floriculture  ;  Flowers. 
Orders  (architectural) . 

Refer  from  Architecture. 
Orders,  monastic.     See  Monasticism. 
Orders  of  knighthood.     See  Chivalry. 
Ordination. 

Refer  from  Bishops ;  Church  polity ; 
Clergy  ;  Episcopacy  ;  Ministers  (of  the 
gospel)  ;  Priests  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies  ; 
Sacraments. 

Ordnance.     See  also  Ammunition  ;  Arsenals  ; 
Artillery ;    Firearms ;    Gunnery ;    Gun- 

132 


Ord-Pai]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

powder ;  Military  art  and  science  ;  Naval 
artillery ;  Projectiles. 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor  \  Artillery ; 
Cannon  ;     Firearms  ;     Gun  ;    Gunnery  ; 
Military  art  and  science  ;  Projectiles. 
Ores.     See  Metals  ;  Mineralogy  ;  Mines  and 

mining. 
Organ.     See  also  Church  music. 

Refer  from  Church  music  ;  Musical  instru- 
ments. 

Origin  of  species.     See  Evolution  ;  Species. 
Original  sin.     See  Sin. 
Ornament.     See  Decoration  and  ornament. 
Ornamental  alphabets.     See  Alphabets  ;  Illu- 
mination. 

Ornithology.     See  Birds. 
Orphans.     See  also  Adoption  ;  Foundlings. 

Refer  from  Children. 

Orthodoxy.      See    also  Calvinism ;    Congre- 
gationalism. 
Refer  from  Calvinism  ;  Congregationalism  ; 

Theology. 

Orthoepy.     See  Phonetics  ;  Pronunciation. 
Orthographic  projection.     See  Projection. 
Orthography.     See  Spelling. 
Orthopedics.     See  Deformities. 
Osteology.     See  Bones. 

Outdoor  life.  See  also  Camping ;  Country 
life  :  Fishing ;  Hunting  ;  Natural  history  ; 
Sports. 

Refer  from  Country  life  ;  Rural  life. 
Ox.     See  also  Cattle. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Cattle  ;  Domestic 

animals. 
Oxford  movement. 

Refer  from  Catholic   church ;    Church  of 

England  ;  Puseyism  ;  Tractarianisrn. 
Oyster.     See  also  Pearls. 

Refer  from  Food  ;  Mollusks. 
Pageants.     See  also  Processions. 

Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Festivals  ;  Pro- 
cessions. 
Pain.       See    also    Anesthetics;      Pleasure; 

Suffering ;  Vivisection. 
Refer  from  Emotions  ;  Pleasure  ;  Psychol- 
ogy ;  Suffering. 
Paint.     See  also  Color  ;  Painting. 

Refer  from  Chemistry ;  Painting ;  Paint- 
ing, mechanical ;  Pigments. 

Painted  glass.     See  Glass-painting.  .-— ^     . 

.painters.     See  also  Artists.  /-^  /r»  td.V«  4-  » 

Refer  from  Artists  ;  Biography  ;  Painting. 

vXPainting.      See    also   Anatomy   for    artists ; 

Artists  ;   Arts,    fine  ;    China    painting ; 

'33 


pai-Pap]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Color  ;  Decoration  ;  Drawing ;  Esthet- 
ics ;  Figure  painting ;  Frescoes ;  Glass- 
painting  ;  Illumination  ;  Landscape  paint- 
ing ;  Miniature  painting  ;  Oil-painting  ; 
Paint ;  Painters  ;  Painting,  mechanical ; 
Paintings  ;  Perspective  ;  Portrait  paint- 
ing ;  Wall  decoration;  Water-color 
painting. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Arts,  fine ; 
Color ;  Composition  ;  Decoration  and  or- 
nament ;  Graphic  arts ;  Oil-painting ; 
Paint;  Paintings;  Sketching;  Water- 
color  painting. 

Painting,  mechanical.  See  also  Alphabets  ; 
Carriage  painting;  Color;  Gilding; 
Graining;  House  painting;  Marbling; 
Paint ;  Sign  painting  ;  Varnishing. 
Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Carriage  paint- 
ing ;  Graining ;  House  painting  ;  Paint- 
ing ;  Sign  painting  ;  Varnishing. 

Paintings.      See  also   Art   galleries ;    Paint- 
ing ;  Portraits. 
Refer  from  Painting  ;  Pictures. 

Palaces. 

Refer  from  Architecture. 

Paleography.        See     Inscriptions ;      Manu- 
scripts ;  Writing. 

V  Paleontology.     See   also   Footprints ;    Geol- 
ogy- 
Refer  from   Botany  ;    Fossils  ;    Geology  ; 

Man ;     Natural    history ;     Petrifaction ;       \j      Q 
Science ;  Zoology. 
Palmistry. 

Refer  from   Amusements  ;    Cheirosophy  ; 
Chiromancy  ;    Divination  ;  Fortune-tell- 
ing ;  Hand ;  Superstition. 
Palsy.     See  Paralysis. 
Panics.     See  also  Speculation. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Commercial  crises  ; 
Crises  ;  Economics  ;  Finance  ;  Specula- 
tion ;  Stock  exchange. 
Pantheism.     See  also  God. 

Refer  from  God  ;  Philosophy  ;    Religion  ; 

Skepticism ;  Theology. 
Pantomime.       See   also    Gesture ;    Shadow 

pantomimes. 

Refer  from  Acting ;  Amateur  theatricals  ; 
Amusements  ;  Drama ;  Gesture  ;  Sign 
language ;  Theatre. 

Papacy.     See  Catholic  church  ;  Popes. 
I/Paper.     See  also  Marbling. 

Refer  from  Manufactures ;  Printing ; 
Stationery ;  Writing. 


Pap-Pas]  LIST  OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Paper-hanging. 

Refer  from  House  decoration  ;  Wall  deco- 
ration. 

Paper  money.  See  also  Bank  notes  ;  Banks  ; 
Finance  ;  Greenbacks  ;  Legal  tender ; 
Money. 

Refer  from  Bank  notes  ;  Bills  of  credit ; 
Bills  of  exchange  ;  Counterfeits  ;  Green- 
backs ;  Money. 
Parables.         See    also    Allegories ;     Bible ; 

Fables ;  Jesus  Christ. 
Refer  from  Allegories  ;  Bible  ;  Jesus  Christ. 
Paradise.     See  also  Fall  of  man. 

Refer  from  Bible. 
Paralysis.     See  also  Apoplexy. 

Refer  from  Brain;  Medicine,  practice  of ; 

Palsy. 
Parasites.     See  also  Bacteria  ;  Fungi. 

Refer  from   Botany ;  Insects  ;  Medicine, 

practice  of ;  Skin  ;  Worms  ;  Zoology. 
Parents.     See   also  Ancestor-worship ;  Chil- 
dren ;     Domestic    education ;     Family ; 
Fathers  ;  Heredity  ;  Mothers. 
Refer  from  Children  ;  Ethics  ;  Family. 
Parks.      See    also     Commons ;     Landscape 

gardening. 

Refer  from  Land  ;   Landscape  gardening. 
Parliament.        See     England,     Parliament; 

also  names  of  other  countries. 
Parliamentary  practice. 

Refer  from  Debating  ;  Law  ;  Legislation ; 

Rules  of  order. 
Parody. 

Refer  from   Literature  ;    Poetry  ;    Satire  ; 

Wit  and  humor. 
Parsees.     See  also  A  vesta. 

Refer    from     Avesta ;     Fire-worshipers ; 

Religions. 

Parsons.     See  Ministers  (of  the  gospel). 
Parties.     See  Balls. 

Parties,  political.     See  also  names  of  parties. 
Refer  from    Political    parties ;     Political 

science. 

Partnership.      See    also   Agents ;    Corpora- 
tions. 
Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Commercial  law  ; 

Contracts ;  Law. 

Passion-play.     See  Miracle-plays. 
Passions.     See  also  Emotions ;    Gambling ; 

Love. 

Refer  from   Emotions  ;  Ethics  ;    Philoso- 
phy ;  Psychology. 
Passover.     See  also  Lord's  supper. 
Refer  from  Jews  ;  Lord's  supper. 


Pas-Ped]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Pastoral  poetry. 

Refer  from  Bucolic  poetry  ;    Country  life  ; 

Eclogues  ;  Poetry  ;  Rural  poetry. 
Pastors.     See  Clergy ;  Ministers  ;  Preaching. 
Pastry.     See  Cookery. 

Patents.     See  also  Inventions  ;  Trade-marks. 
Refer  from   Arts,  useful ;  Discoveries  (in 
science)  ;  Inventions  ;  Law  ;  Machinery  ; 
Manufactures ;  Trade-marks. 
Pathology.      See    also    Abscess ;    Autopsy ; 
Bacteria  ;    Blood  ;  Contagion  ;   Diagno- 
sis ;  Epidemics  ;  Fever ;  Germ  theory  ; 
Hair ;    Hemorrhage  ;     Histology ;     Hy- 
giene ;  Inflammation  ;    Longevity  ;  Ma- 
laria ;  Medicine. 

Refer  from  Clinical   medicine  ;  Disease  ; 
Hygiene  ;  Medicine  ;    Physiology  ;  Sur- 
gery ;  Therapeutics. 
Patience. 

Refer  from  Ethics. 
Patience  (game). 

Refer  from  Cards  ;  Games  ;  Solitaire. 
Patriarchs. 

Refer  from  Bible  ;  Biography  ;  Jews. 
Patriotism. 

Refer  from  Citizenship  ;  Ethics  ;  Political 

science. 

Patristics.  See  Fathers  of  the  church. 
Patrons  of  husbandry.  See  Grangers. 
Pattern-making. 

Refer  from  Casting  ;  Mechanical  drawing ; 

Metals. 

Pauperism.     See  Poor. 
Pavements.      See   also  Concrete  ;    Mosaics  ; 

Roads. 

Refer  from  Floors  ;  Roads. 
Pawnbroking. 

Refer  from   Banks   and   Banking ;  Com- 
merce. 
v  Peace. 

Refer  from    Ethics ;    International    law ; 
Military  art  and  science  ;  Nonresistance  ; 
Sociology ;  War. 
Pearls. 

Refer  from   Diving  ;  Jewelry  ;  Mollusks  ; 

Oyster ;  Precious  stones. 
Peasantry. 

Refer  from   Agriculture ;    Country    life ; 

Labor. 
Peat. 

Refer  from  Fuel ;  Geology  ;  Manures  ;  Phys- 
ical geography. 
Pedagogics.     See  Teaching. 
Pedestrianism.     See  Walking. 

136 


Ped-Per]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Pedigrees.        See     Genealogy ;      Heraldry ; 

Horse. 
Peerage.     See  also  Heraldry. 

Refer  from  Baronage  ;  Baronetage  ;  Biog- 
raphy ;  Heraldry ;  Nobility. 
Penal  institutions.     See   Prisons ;  Reforma- 
tories. 
Penance.     See  also  Absolution  ;  Confession  ; 

Pilgrimage ;  Repentance. 
Refer  front  Absolution  ;  Catholic  church  ; 
Church    polity ;     Confession ;     Repent- 
ance ;  Sacraments ;  Theology. 
Pendulum. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Clocks  and 
watches  ;  Geodesy  ;  Physics  ;  Time- 
keepers. 

Penitence.  See  Repentance. 
Penitentiaries.  See  Prisons. 
Penmanship.  See  also  Alphabets  ;  Writing. 

Refer  from  Handwriting  ;  Writing. 
Penology.     See  Punishment. 
Pensions. 

Refer  from  Old  age ;  Poor;  Soldiers. 
People.     See   also    Democracy;    Folk-lore; 

Labor ;  Liberty  ;  Poor ;  Sociology. 
Refer  from  Sociology. 
Perfumery. 

Refer  from  Chemistry ;  Cosmetics  ;  Cos- 
tume ;  Manufactures  ;  Odors  ;  Perfumes  ; 
Toilet. 

Perfumes.     See  Odors  ;  Perfumery. 
Periodicals.      [All  special  periodicals  should 
be  entered  under  their  subject.     They 
may  also  be  entered  here  alphabetically 
under   title.]       See    also    Advertising ; 
Journalism  ;  Liberty  of  the  press  ;  News- 
papers. 
Refer     from      Journalism ;       Literature ; 

Magazines  ;  Newspapers  ;  Press. 
Perpetual  motion. 

Refer  from  Mechanics  ;  Motion. 
Persecution.     See  also  Friends  ;  Huguenots  ; 
Inquisition ;     Jews ;     Liberty    of     con- 
science ;  Martyrs  ;  Massacres  ;  Religious 
liberty ;  Witchcraft. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church ;  Church 
history  ;  Fanaticism  ;  Heresy  ;  Liberty 
of  conscience  ;  Martyrs  ;  Religious  lib- 
erty. 

Personal  liberty.     See  Liberty. 
Personal     property.       See    also     Property ; 

Sale  ;  Taxation. 
Refer  from  Law  ;  Property. 

137 


Per-Phi]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Perspective.     See  also  Drawing  ;  Projection  ; 

Shadows. 

Refer  from  Drawing ;  Geometrical  draw- 
ing ;  Geometry  ;  Light ;  Painting  ;  Pro- 
jection. 
Pessimism. 

Refer  from  Philosophy. 
Pests.    See  Agricultural  pests  ;  Fungi ;  House- 
hold pests ;  Insects. 
Petrifaction.     See  Paleontology. 
Petrography.     See  Rocks. 
Petroleum . 

Refer  from  Fuel ;  Geology  ;  Oil. 
Petrology.     See  Rocks. 
Pets.     See  Domestic  animals. 
Phanerogams.     See  also  Botany,  and  refer- 
ences under  that  heading. 
Refer  from  Botany. 
Phantoms.     See  Apparitions. 
Pharmacy.     See  also  Apothecaries  ;    Drugs  ; 
Homeopathy ;    Materia     medica ;    Pre- 
scriptions. 

Refer   from     Apothecaries  ;    Chemistry ; 
Drugs  ;    Materia     medica ;      Medicine  ; 
Prescriptions ;  Therapeutics. 
Philanthropists. 

>  Refer  from  Biography;  Philanthropy. 
t/Philanthrophy.    See  Charities  ;  Charity  ;  Phi- 
lanthropists ;  Social  settlements. 
Philology.     See  Language. 
Philosophers. 

Refer  from  Biography. 

Philosophical    instruments.      See   also    Air- 
pump  ;  Astronomical  instruments ;   Op- 
tical instruments. 
Refer  from  Instruments. 
Philosophical     societies.      See     names     of 
/     societies. 

^Philosophy.  See  also  Agnosticism  ;  Atheism  ; 
Axioms  ;  Being  ;  Belief ;  Biology  ;  Brain  ; 
Certainty  ;  Chance  ;  Christianity  ;  Con- 
sciousness ;  Creation ;  Deism ;  Emo- 
tions ;  Epicureans  ;  Esthetics  ;  Eternity  ; 
Ethics  ;  Evidence  ;  Evolution  ;  Fate  ; 
Force  ;  Future  life  ;  Genius  ;  God  ;  Habit ; 
History,  philosophy  of ;  Idealism ; 
Imagination ;  Infinite ;  Insanity ;  In- 
tellect ;  Knowledge  ;  Liberty ;  Logic ; 
Man  ;  Materialism  ;  Matter  ;  Memory  ; 
^Mind  and  body ;  Mysticism ;  Natural 
religion  ;  Nature  ;  Necessity  ;  Nihilism  ; 
Pantheism ;  Passions ;  Pessimism  ; 
Physics  ;Platonists  ;  Positivism  psychol- 
ogy ;  Rationalism  ;  Realism  ;  Reason  ; 

138 


Phi-Phy]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Religion;  Religion  and  science  :, Scho- 
lastic philosophy  ;  Science  ;  Senses  ; 
Skepticism  ;  Soul ;  Space  ;  Spiritualism  ; 
Stoics  ;  Supernatural ;  Theism  ;  Theol- 
ogy ;  Time  ^Transcendentalism  ;  Trin- 
ity ;  Truth  ;  Universe  ;  Utilitarianism  ; 
Will. 

Refer  from    Ethics  ;    Knowledge ;    Life ; 
Mental  philosophy ;  Metaphysics  ;  Ontol- 
ogy ;  (^Psychology  ;    Reason ;    Religion ; 
Science  ;  Theology ;  Thinking ;  Thought. 
Philosophy,  moral.     See  Ethics. 
Philosophy,  natural.     See  Physics. 
Philosophy  of  history.       See   History,    phi- 
losophy of. 
Phonetics.     See   also  Alphabet ;  Pronuncia-    ~^ 

tion ;  Spelling. 

Refer  from   Language ;    Orthoepy  ;    Pho- 
nology; Pronunciation;  Sound. 
Phonograph. 

Refer  from  Electricity  ;  Sound. 
Phonography.     See  Shorthand. 
Phonology.     See  Phonetics. 
Phosphates. 

Refer     from      Chemistry ;       Fertilizers ; 

Manures. 
Phosphorescence . 

Refer  from  Botany  ;  Light ;  Ocean  ;  Zool- 
ogy- 

Photo-engraving,  etc.     See  also   Heliotypes. 
Refer  from  Book  illustration;  Engraving; 
Heliotypes  ;  Photography  ;  Process  work. 
^Photography.    See  also  Astronomical  photog- 
raphy ;    Camera ;     Composite     photog- 
raphy ;      Daguerreotype ;      Heliotypes ; 
Photo-engraving,  etc.  ;    Photomicrogra- 
phy ;  X  rays. 

Refer    from     Arts,     fine ;    Arts,    useful ; 
Camera  ;     Chemistry  ;     Daguerreotype  ; 
Light ;  Printing. 
Photom  icrography . 

Refer   from     Microphotography ;    Micro- 
scope ;  Photography. 
Phrase-books.     See  names  of  languages. 
Phrenology.     See  also  Physiognomy. 

Refer  'from  Brain  ;  Character  ;  Head  ; 
Man  ;  Physiognomy  ;  Physiology  ;  Psy- 
chology. 

Physical  culture.     See  Physical  education. 
Physical      education.       .S'<v    also     Exercise  ; 
Gymnastics:   Running;   Sports:    Train- 
ing ;  Walking. 

Refer  from  Athletics  ;  Education  ;  Exer- 
cise ;  Gymnastics  ;  Hygiene  ;  Manly  ex- 

139 


Phy-Phyj  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

ercise  ;  Physical  culture  ;  Physical  train- 
ing ;  Recreation  ;  Sports  ;  Training. 
^  Physical  geography.  See  also  Beaches ; 
Caves  ;  Climate  ;  Deserts  ;  Earth  ;  Earth- 
quakes ;  Erosion  ;  Geography  ;  Geology  ; 
Geysers  ;  Glaciers  ;  Ice  ;  Islands  ;  Lakes  ; 
Meteorology  ;  Moraines  ;  Mountains  ; 
Nature  ;  Ocean  ;  Peat ;  Ponds  ;  Rivers  ; 
Seashore  ;  Springs  ;  Tides  ;  Tropics  ; 
Valleys  ;  Volcanoes  ;  Water  ;  Waterfalls  ; 
Waterspouts ;  Waves. 
Refer  from  Earth  ;  Geography  ;  Geology  ; 
Meteorology  ;  Mountains  ;  Natural  his- 
tory ;  Ocean  ;  Physics  ;  Physiography  ; 
Science ;  Water. 

Physical  geology.     See  Geology. 

Physical  training.     See  Physical  education. 

Physicians.     See  also  Surgeons. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Doctors  ;  Medicine. 

Physics.  See  also  Air ;  Astronomy  ;  Atoms  ; 
Barometer ;  Chemistry  ;  Electricity  ; 
Fluids  ;  Force  ;  Friction  ;  Gases  ;  Gravi- 
tation ;  Heat ;  Hydraulic  engineering ; 
Light ;  Liquids  ;  Magnetism  ;  Matter  ; 
Mechanics  ;  Meteorology  ;  Molecules  ; 
Motion  ;  Motors  ;  Pendulum  ;  Physical 
geography  ;  Radiation  ;  Solids  ;  Sound  ; 
Statics  ;  Steam  ;  Thermometer  ;  Units  ; 
Water. 

Refer  from  Atoms  ;  Chemistry  ;  Experi- 
ments ;  Gravitation  ;  Mathematics  ;  Mat- 
ter ;  Mechanics ;  Molecules ;  Natural 
history ;  Natural  philosophy ;  Natural 
science  ;  Philosophy  ;  Philosophy,  nat- 

,        ural ;  Science. 
*  Physiognomy.     See  also  Phrenology. 

Refer  from  Character ;  Expression  ;  Face  ; 
Head  ;  Man  ;  Phrenology  ^Physiology  ; 
vPsychology. 

Physiography.       See       Geology ;      Physical 

I       geography. 

Physiology.  See  also  Anatomy ;  Animal 
magnetism  ;  Biology  ;  Blood  ;  Brain  ; 
Breathing ;  Color  of  man  ;  Deformities  ; 
Degeneration  ;  Digestion  ;  Embryology ; 
Heredity ;  Hygiene ;  Longevity ;  Man  ; 
Medicine  ;  Mind  and  body  ;  Monsters  ; 
Morphology ;  Nervous  system  ;  Pathol- 
ogy ;  Phrenology ;  Physiognomy  ;  Proto- 
plasm ;  Senses  ;  Sex  ;  Sleep  ;  Voice  ; 
Woman,  Diseases. 

Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Biology ;  Body, 
human  ;  Human  body ;  Hygiene  ;  Man  ; 
Medicine ;  Zoology. 

140 


Pia-Pla]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Pianists. 

Refer  from  Musicians  ;  Pianoforte. 
Pianoforte.     See  also  Pianists. 

Refer  from  Musical  instruments.  /  j_j^juij^jt_. 

Pictures.  See  Art  galleries ;  Drawings ; 
Engravings  ;  Etchings  ;  Heliotypes  ; 
Paintings ;  Portraits. 

Picturesque.  See  also  Esthetics ;  Land- 
scape. 

Refer  from  Esthetics. 
Pig.     See  Hog. 
Pigeons. 

Refer  from  Birds  ;  Domestic  animals. 
"^Pigments.     See  Color  ;  Dyeing  ;  Paint. 
Pigmies.     See  Dwarfs. 
Pilgrim    fathers.      See   also   Massachusetts ; 

Plymouth. 

Refer  from    Biography ;     Christian   biog- 
raphy. 
Pilgrimage. 

Refer  from   Catholic   church  ;    Penance  ; 

Travel. 
Pillory. 

Refer  from  Punishment. 
Piracy.     See  Pirates. 
Pirates.     See  also  Buccaneers. 

Refer  from  Buccaneers  ;  Corsairs  ;  Crim- 
inal law  ;  Naval  history  ;  Navigation  ; 
Piracy. 

Pisciculture.     See  Fish-culture. 
Pistol. 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor ;  Firearms. 
Plague.     See  also  Epidemics. 

Refer     from      Contagion ;       Epidemics ; 

Medicine,  practice  of. 

Planets.       See   also    Asteroids ;    Astrology ; 
Astronomy ;  Earth  ;  Moon  ;  Plurality  of 
worlds  ;  Solar  system  ;  Transits. 
Refer  from   Astronomy  ;    Solar    system  ; 

Stars. 
Planting.     See  Agriculture;    Forestry;  Gar- 

dening ;  Landscape  gardening. 
Plants.      See    Agriculture ;     Botany ;    Flori- 
culture ;  Flowers ;  Gardening. 
"Plastering. 

Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Masonry  ;  Wall 

decoration. 

Plate.  See  also  Goldsmithing  ;  Silversmith- 
ing. 

Refer  from  Goldsmithing  ;  Jewelry  ;  Metal- 
work  ;  Silver ;  Silversmithing. 
Plating.     See  also  Electroplating  ;  Gilding. 
Refer  from  Metal-work  ;  Silverplating. 

141 


Pla-Pol]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Platonists. 

Refer  front  Philosophy. 
Players.     See  Actors  ;  Actresses. 
Playing-cards.     See  Cards.  \ 


Playright.     See  Copyright. 

Plays      See  Drama  ;  Games  ;  Sports.         (  Vjjj&u 


Pleading.     See  also  Actions  at  law  ;  Forms 

Law  ;  Trials. 
Refer  from   Actions    at  law;    Forms    (in 

law);  Law;  Trials. 
Pleasure.      See  also   Contentment  ;    Happi- 

ness ;  Pain. 
Refer  from  Emotions  ;  Ethics  ;  Happiness  ; 

Pain  ;  Psychology. 
Plumbing.     See   also    Sanitary  engineering  ; 

Soldering. 

Refer  from   Architecture  ;    Arts,    useful  ; 
House  drainage  ;   Lead  ;  Sanitary  engi- 
neering ;  Water-supply. 
Plurality  of  worlds. 

Refer  from  Astronomy  ;    Planets  ;  Theol- 

ogy ;  Universe  ;  Worlds,  plurality  of. 
Pneumatic   transmission.      See   Compressed 

air. 

Pneumatics.     See  Gases. 
Pneumonia.     See  also  Lungs. 

Refer   from    Chest  ;     Lungs  ;     Medicine, 

practice  of. 

Poaching.  See  also  Game  laws. 
/  Refer  from  Game  laws  ;  Sports. 
Poetry.  See  also  Ballads  ;  Bards  ;  Children's 
poetry  ;  Drama  ;  Elegiac  poetry  ;  Epic 
poetry  ;  Epigrams  ;  Hymns  ;  Literature  ; 
Lyric  poetry  ;  Metre  ;  Minnesingers  ; 
Odes  ;  Parody  ;  Pastoral  poetry  ;  Poets  ; 
Prosody  ;  Quotations  ;  Readers  and 
speakers  ;  Religious  poetry  ;  Rhyme  ; 
Satire  ;  Songs  ;  Sonnets  ;  Troubadours  ; 
Trouv£res  ;  Versification  ;  War  poetry  ; 
Wit  and  humor. 

Refer  from  Ballads  ;   Literature  ;    Metre  ; 
Prosody  ;       Readers      and       speakers  ; 
Rhetoric  ;  Romances  ;  Versification. 
Poets.     See  also  Dramatists  ;  Minnesingers  ; 

Minstrels  ;  Troubadours  ;  Trouveres. 
Refer  from  Authors  ;  Biography  ;    Poetry. 
Poisons.     See  also  Medical  jurisprudence. 
Refer  from  Accidents  ;  Chemistry  ;  Med- 
ical jurisprudence  ;  Medicine  ;   Murder  ; 
Therapeutics  ;  Toxicology. 
Polar  regions.     See  Antarctic  ;  Arctic  ;  North 

pole. 
Polari  scope. 

Refer  from  Light  ;  Optical  instruments. 

142 


Pol-Poo] 


LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


Police.     See  also  Constables  ;  Crime  ;  Detec- 

tives ;  Prisons. 
Refer  from  Crime;  Detectives;  Law;  Po- 

litical science  ;  Prisons  ;  Town  officers. 
Politeness.     See  Etiquette. 

^Political  economy.     See  Economics.  .    £ 

J  Political  parties.     See  Parties.  vX.O^ 

Political  science.     See  also  Anarchy  ;  Ballot  ;          0  (.  i  "t  v  {*• 

Caucus  ;  Church  and  state  ;  Citizenship  ; 

Civil  rights  ;  Civil  service  ;  Civilization  ; 

Colonies  ;    Communism  ;     Crime  ;    De- 

mocracy ;  Despotism  ;  Diplomacy  ;  Eco- 

nomics ;  Election  ;  Executive  power  ;  Fed- 

eral government  ;  Feudalism  ;  Finance  ; 

Free    institutions  ;     Immigration  ;    Im- 

perial federation  ;  Individualism  ;  Law  ; 

Legislation  ;  Liberty  ;  Local  government  ; 

Magistrates  ;     Minorities  ;     Monarchy  ; 

Municipal  government  ;  Nihilism  ;  Nul- 

lification ;   Oaths  ;   Parties  ;  Patriotism  ; 

Police  ;  Prisons  ;  Property  ;  Punishment  ; 

Rebellion  ;     Reciprocity  ;    Referendum  ; 

Religious  liberty  ;   Representation  ;   Re- 

publics ;  Revolutions  ;  Riots  ;  Secession  ; 

Serfdom  ;    Slavery  ;    Socialism  ;    Sociol- 

ogy ;  State  rights  ;  Statesmen  ;  Statistics  ; 

Suffrage  ;     Taxation  ;      Town-meeting  ; 

Town  officers  ;  Towns  ;  Treaties  ;  Tyr- 

anny ;  Utopia  ;  Veto  ;  Village  communi- 

ties ;  Villages. 
Refer  from    Adminstration  ;    Civil    gov- 

ernment ;  Democracy  ;  Ethics  ;  Govern- 

ment ;  History  ;  Legislation  ;  Republics  ; 

Science  ;     Social     science  ;    Sociology  ; 

State,  the  ;  Statesmanship. 
Polygamy.       See    also    Marriage  ;    Moham- 

medanism ;  Mormonism. 
Refer  from  Marriage. 
Polytechnic  schools.     See  Technical  educa- 

tion. 
Polytheism.     See  also  Religions. 

Refer  from  God  ;  Religions. 
Pomology.     See  Fruit. 
Ponds.     See  also  Lakes. 

Refer  from  Lakes  ;   Physical   geography  ; 

Water. 
Poor.       See    also     Almshouses  ;     Begging  ; 

Charities  ;    Friendly   societies  ;    Labor  ; 

Pensions  ;    Poor    laws  ;     Social    settle- 

ments ;  Tenement-houses  ;  Tramps. 
Refer    from     Almsgiving  ;     Almshouses  ; 

Begging  ;  Benevolence  ;  Charities  ;  Dan- 

gerous   classes  ;    Economics  ;     Ethics  ; 

Labor  ;    Pauperism  ;   People  ;   Poverty  ; 

'43 


Poo-Pow]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Social   settlements;    Sociology;    Tene- 
ment-houses ;  Vagrancy. 
Poor  laws. 

Refer  from  Law  ;  Poor ;  Vagrancy. 
Poorhouses.     See  Almshouses. 
Popes.     See  also  Apostolic  succession  ;  Cath- 
olic church  ;  Infallibility  ; Vatican  council. 
Refer  from  Apostolic  succession  ;  Catholic 
church ;    Christian    biography ;    Church 
history ;    Church    polity  ;     Infallibility  ; 
Papacy ;      Rulers ;     Temporal      power ; 
Ultramontanism ;       Vatican ;       Vatican 
council. 

Population.     See  also  Census  ;  Statistics. 
Refer  from  Economics  ;  Sociology  ;  Statis- 
tics ;  Vital  statistics. 
Porcelain.     See  Pottery. 
Portrait  painting.     See  also  Miniature  paint- 
ing. 

Refer  from  Painting. 
Portraits. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Biography  ;  Paint- 
ings ;  Pictures. 
Ports.     See  Harbors. 
Positivism. 

Refer    from    Agnosticism ;     Philosophy ; 

Religion  ;  Religion  of  humanity. 
Posology.     See  Prescriptions. 
Possession  (in  law) . 
Refer  from  Law. 

Post-mortem  examinations.     See  Autopsy. 
Post-office.     See  also  Postage-stamps. 

Refer  from  Mail. 
Postage-stamps. 

Refer  from  Post-office  ;  Stamps. 
Potential.     See  Electric  potential. 
i/Pottery.     See  also  Bric-a-brac  ;  China  paint- 
ing ;  Majolica  ;  Terra-cotta  ;  Tiles  ;  Urns  ; 
Vases. 

Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Arts,  fine  ;  Arts, 
useful ;  Bric-a-brac  ;  Ceramics  ;  China  ; 
China  painting ;  Decoration  and  orna- 
ment ;  Faience ;  Fayence ;  Keramics ; 
Majolica  ;  Manufactures  ;  Porcelain  ; 
Terra-cotta  ;  Tiles  ;  Vases. 
Poultry.  See  also  Eggs. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Birds  ;  Chickens  ; 
Domestic  animals  ;  Eggs  ;  Fowl ;  Hens  ; 
Incubation ;  Live  stock. 
Poverty.     See  Poor. 
Powder.     See  Gunpowder. 
Power.     See   also   Force ;    Machinery ;    Me- 
chanics ;  Motors. 
Refer  from  Mechanics. 

144 


Pow-Pre]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Powers  (law). 

Refer  from  Law. 

Prayer.  See  also  Lord's  prayer ;  Prayer- 
meetings  ;  Prayers  ;  Responsive  worship  ; 
Ritualism ;  Worship. 

Refer    from    Christian    life ;     Devotion ; 
Family    prayer ;     Religion ;    Theology ; 
Worship. 
Prayer-meetings . 

Refer  from  Prayer  ;  Revivals. 
Prayers.      See    also    Devotional    exercises ; 
Litanies ;      Liturgies ;     Lord's      prayer ; 
Rosary. 

Refer  from  Devotional  exercises ;  Family 
prayer ;  Liturgies ;  Prayer ;  Rites  and 
ceremonies;  Worship.  , 

Preachers.     See  also  Clergy;    Ministers  (of 

the  gospel). 
Refer  from  Christian  biography ;  Clergy ; 

Ministers  (of  the  gospel)  ;  Preaching. 
Preaching.     See  also  Preachers  ;  Sermons. 
Refer  from  Church  polity  ;  Clergy ;    Elo- 
cution ;    Homiletics ;    Ministers  (of  the 
gospel)  ;   Oratory ;    Pastors  ;    Rhetoric  ; 
Sermons ;   Speaking. 
Precious   metals.     See  also   Gold ;   Money ; 

Silver. 
Refer  from   Economics  ;    Gold  ;    Metals  ; 

Silver. 
Precious  stones.    See  also  Diamonds  ;  Gems  ; 

Jewelry ;  Pearls. 
Refer  from   Diamonds  ;  Gems  ;  Jewelry ; 

Mineralogy ;   Stone. 

Predestination.  See  also  Arminianism ; 
Calvinism ;  Liberty  of  the  will ;  Salva- 
tion. 

Refer  from  Calvinism  ;  Election  (in  the- 
ology) ;  Liberty  of  the  will ;  Necessity ; 
Salvation  ;  Sin  ;  Theology. 
Predictions.     See  Prophecies. 
Preexistence.    See  also  Soul ;  Transmigration. 
Refer  from  Reincarnation  ;  Soul ;  Trans- 
migration. 

Prehistoric  archaeology.     See  Archaeology. 
Presages.     See  Omens. 
Presbyterianism.         See     also      Calvinism ; 

Church  of  Scotland  ;  Covenanters. 
Refer  from   Calvinism ;    Church  of  Scot- 
land ;     Church    polity ;    Congregational- 
ism ;  Dissenters  ;   Puritans ;   Sects. 
Prescriptions.     See  also  Pharmacy. 
Refer  from  Pharmacy ;  Posology. 
Preserving.     See  also  Cookery. 
Refer  from  Cookery  ;  Fruit. 

H5 


Pre-Pri] 


LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


Presidential   government.     See   Democracy ; 

Republics. 
Presidents.       See     also    Executive     power ; 

U.  S.,  President ;  Veto. 
Refer  from  Biography  ;  Executive  power ; 

Rulers. 
Press.     See  Journalism  ;  Liberty  of  the  press  ; 

Newspapers ;  Periodicals. 
Prestidigitation.     See  Conjuring. 
Prices.     See  also  Economics  ;  Value  ;  Wages. 
Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Cost ;  Economics  ; 
Finance  ;  Manufactures  ;  Money  ;  Value. 
Priesthood.     See  Priests. 
Priests.    See  also  Catholic  church  ;  Celibacy ; 
Clergy ;  Curates  ;  Ministers  ;  Ordination. 
Refer  from  Catholic   church,;    Church   of 
England  ;  Church  polity ;  Clergy ;  Minis- 
ters (of  the  gospel)  ;  Priesthood ;  Protest- 
ant episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. 
Primary  batteries.     See  Electric  batteries. 
Prime  ministers. 

Refer    from    Biography ;     Ministers    (of 

state) . 

Primers.     See  also  Readers  and  speakers. 
Refer  from  Readers  and  speakers  ;  Spellers  ; 

Text-books. 
Primogeniture. 

Refer  from  Descent ;  Inheritance  ;  Law. 
Princes.     See  Monarchy. 
Principal  and  agent.     See  also  Contracts. 

Refer  from  Commercial   law ;  Contracts ; 
/       Law. 

''Printing.  See  also  Block-books ; 
printing ;  Electrotyping ;  Ink ; 
Photography ;  Proof-reading ; 
typing. 

Refer  from  Alphabet ;  Arts,  useful ;  Block- 
books  ;   Books    and    reading ;   Booksell- 
ing ;  Composition  ;    Incunabula ;    Liter- 
ature ;  Publishing  ;  Stereotyping ;  Type  ; 
Typography. 
Prints.     See  Engravings. 
Prisons.     See  also   Crime;  Police;  Punish- 
ment ;  Reformatories. 
Refer  from   Crime ;  Criminal  law ;    Dun- 
geons ;     Imprisonment ;     Jails ;     Penal 
institutions ;      Penitentiaries  ;      Police  ; 
Political   science  ;     Public   institutions ; 
Punishment ;    Reform  ;    Reformatories  ; 
Sociology. 
Private    judgment.       See    also    Liberty    of 

conscience ;  Religious  liberty. 
Refer  from  Liberty  of  conscience ;  The- 
ology,  . 


Calico- 
Paper  ; 
Stereo- 


\j 


'\ 


J~^      UjU 


146 


Pri-Pro]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Private  schools. 

Refer  from  Schools. 

Private    theatricals.      See  Amateur   theatri- 
cals. 
Privateering.     See  also  Prizes. 

Refer  from  International  law ;  Letters  of 
marque ;  Naval  art  and  science ;  Naval 
history ;  Prizes. 
Prizes.     See  also  Privateering. 

Refer  from    International   law;  Maritime 

law ;  Privateering. 

Probabilities.      See  also  Annuities ;     Insur- 
ance ;   Logic. 

Refer  from  Betting ;  Chance  ;  Errors ; 
Gambling  ;  Logic  ;  Lotteries  ;  Mathemat- 
ics. 

Probate.     See  Wills. 
Probation.     See  Future  life ;  Purgatory. 
Procedure.     See  Actions  at  law. 
Process  work.     See  Photo-engraving,  etc. 
Processions.     See  also  Pageants. 

Refer  from  Festivals  ;  Pageants. 
Profanity.     See  Swearing. 
Profit-sharing.     See  also  Communism ;    Co- 
operation ;   Labor. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Cooperation  ;  Eco- 
nomics ;   Labor ;  Wages. 
Progress.     See  also  Civilization  ;  Reform. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;  Sociology. 
Prohibited  books.     See  also  Liberty  of  the 

press. 

Refer  from  Books  and  reading ;   Censor- 
ship of  the  press  ;  Condemned  books  ; 
Liberty  of  the  press. 
Prohibition.     See  Temperance. 
Projectiles.     See   also   Firearms;    Gunnery; 

Ordnance. 

Refer  from  Ammunition  ;  Artillery ;    Bal- 
listics ;     Firearms ;    Gunnery ;     Military 
art  and  science ;  Ordnance ;   Shells. 
Projecting.     See  Magic  lantern. 
Projection.     See  also  Geometrical  drawing ; 

Perspective. 

Refer  from  Drawing ;    Geometrical  draw- 
ing ;  Mechanical  drawing ;  Orthographic 
projection  \  Perspective. 
*  Pronunciation.     See  also  Phonetics. 

Refer  from  Elocution  ;  Language  ;  Ortho- 
epy ;  Phonetics ;  Words.    4jjuQ-v>+*iQ 
Proof.     See  Evidence  ;  Logic. 
Proof-reading. 

Refer  from  Printing. 
Proper  names.     See  Names. 
Property.       See     also    Administrators     and 

»47 


Pro-Pro]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

executors  ;  Church  property ;  Commun- 
ism ;  Confiscation ;  Conveyancing ; 
Copyright ;  Damages  ;  Inheritance  ;  In- 
surance ;  Land  ;  Liens  ;  Mortgages  ;  Per- 
sonal property ;  Real  property ;  Rent ; 
Sale  ;  Socialism  ;  Taxation ;  Titles ; 
Trespass;  Wealth;  Wills. 
Refer  from  Chattels ;  Economics  ;  Law ; 
Personal  property;  Political  science; 
Real  property ;  Sociology. 

Prophecies.  See  also  Bible ;  Divination ; 
Fortune-telling ;  Jesus  ;  Oracles  ;  Sec- 
ond advent. 

Refer  from  Bible ;  Divination ;  Predic- 
tions ;  Prophets  ;  Second  advent ;  The- 
ology. 

Prophets.     See  also  Bible ;  Prophecies. 
Refer  from  Bible  ;   Biography;  Jews. 

Prose.     See  also  Literature  ;  Rhetoric  ;   and 

the  references  under  these  heads. 
Refer  from  Literature. 

Prosody.     See  also  Accent ;  Metre ;  Poetry ; 

Rhyme ;  Versification. 
Refer  from  Accent ;  Grammar ;  Language  ; 
Metre;  Poetry;  Rhyme;  Versification. 

Prostitution. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law;  Law;  Woman; 
Woman,  Law. 

Protection.     See  Tariff. 

Protestant  churches.     See  Protestantism. 

Protestant  episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. 
See  also  Apostles'  creed ;  Apostolic  suc- 
cession ;  Bishops  ;  Church  of  England ; 
Church  polity ;  Confirmation  ;  Episco- 
pacy ;  Fasts  and  feasts  ;  Lord's  supper ; 
Priests  ;  Ritualism  ;  Sacraments  ;  Sister- 
hoods. 

Refer  from  Church  of  England ;  Episco- 
pacy ;  Episcopal  church  ;  Sects. 

Protestantism.      See   also   Catholic    church ; 

Reformation ;   Sects. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Christianity ; 
Church  history ;  Protestant  churches  ; 
Reformation ;  Theology. 

Protoplasm.  See  also  Biology ;  Cells  ;  Em- 
bryology. 

Refer  from  Biology ;  Bioplasm  ;  Cells  ; 
Physiology. 

Proverbs.       See   also   Epigrams ;     Maxims ; 

Quotations. 

Refer  from  Adages  ;  Aphorisms  ;  Apo- 
thegms ;  Epigrams;  Literature;  Max- 
ims ;  Quotations  ;  Sayings. 

148 


Pru-Pun]  LIST  OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Pruning. 

Refer  from  Forestry ;  Fruit;  Trees. 
Psalmody.      See     Bible ;      Church     music ; 

Hymns. 
Pseudonyms.     See  also  Nicknames. 

Refer  from  Authors  ;  Bibliography  ;  Ficti- 
tious names ;  Names  (personal)  ;  Nick- 
names ;   Noms  de  plume ;    Sobriquets ; 
/Soubriquets, 
'sychology.     See  also  Animal   magnetism ; 
^Animal  psychology ;    Apparitions ;    Be- 
lief; Biology;  Brain;  Character  ;  Child 
study ;     Color-sense  ;      Consciousness  ; 
Dreams ;  "Education  ;  Emotions  ;  Esthet- 
•  ics  ;  Ethics  ;  Future  life  ;  Genius  ;   He- 
redity ;    Hypnotism ;     Illusions ;     Imag- 
ination ;    Insanity  ;  Instinct ;    Intellect ; 
Knowledge ;  Liberty  of  the  will ;  Logic ; 
Memory ; •'Mind  and  body;  Mind-read- 
ing ;      Pain ;      Passions ;      Philosophy ; 
Phrenology ;    Physiognomy ;    Pleasure  ; 
Reason ;      Senses ;      Sleep ;     Somnam- 
bulism ;  Soul ;  Subconsciousness  ;  Will. 
Refer  from  Brain  ;    Child  study ;    Educa- 
tion ;  Emotions ;  Human  faculties ;  In- 
tellect ;      Man ;      Mental      philosophy ; 
Metaphysics  ;  Mind  ;  Mind   and  body ; 
Philosophy ;  Science  ;   Soul ;  Thinking ; 
Thought;  Understanding;  Will. 
Public  health.     See  Hygiene,  public. 
Public  institutions.     See  Charities  ;  Prisons ; 

Public  schools. 

Public  libraries.     See  Libraries. 
Public  schools.    See  also  Bible  in  the  schools ; 

Education. 

Refer  from  Common  schools  ;  Education ; 
Free  schools ;  Public  institutions ; 
Schools. 

Publishers.     See  Booksellers. 
Publishing.      See    Bookselling ;    Copyright ; 

Printing. 
Pueblos.     See  also  Cliff-dwellings. 

Refer  from  Indians  of  North  America. 
Pugilism.     See  Boxing. 
Pulpits. 

Refer  from  Church  furniture. 
Pumps.     See  also  Air-pump. 

Refer  from  Engines;   Hydraulic  engineer- 

ing ;  Machinery ;  Water-supply. 
^^Punctuation. 

Refer  from  Language  ;  Rhetoric. 
Punishment.     See  also  Capital  punishment ; 
Corporal  punishment ;  Crime ;  Criminal 
law;     Crucifixion;     Flogging;     Future 

149 


Pun-Que]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

punishment ;  Galleys ;  Guillotine ;  Hang- 
ing ;  Pillory  ;  Prisons  ;  Torture  ;  Trans- 
portation (of  criminals). 
Refer  from  Crime;    Criminal  law;    Law; 
Manners  and  customs ;   Penology ;   Po- 
litical    science;     Prisons;     Sociology; 
Torture. 
Purgatives. 

Refer  from  Therapeutics. 
Purgatory.      See  also   Indulgences ;    Future 

life;  Future  punishment. 
Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Death  ;  Future 
life  ;  Future    punishment ;  Intermediate 
state  ;  Probation  ;  Retribution  ;  Theology. 
Puritans.    See  also  Church  of  England  ;  Con- 
gregationalism ;     Dissenters ;    Friends ; 
Nonconformists ;     Nonjurors ;     Presby- 
terianism. 

Refer  from  Christian  biography ;  Church 
of  England ;    Congregationalism  ;    Dis- 
senters ;  Nonconformists. 
Pus.     See  Suppuration. 
Puseyism.     See  Oxford   movement ;    Pusey, 

E.  B. 

Putrefaction.      See  also   Contagion ;   Disin- 
fection. 

Refer  from  Contagion. 
Puzzles.      See    also    Acrostics ;    Charades ; 

Enigmas ;  Riddles. 
Refer  from  Amusements;  Riddles. 
Pygmies.     See  Dwarfs. 
Pyramids. 

Refer  from   Archaeology  ;    Architecture ; 

Monuments. 

Pyrotechnics.     See  Fireworks. 
Quacks  and  quackery.     See  also  Imposture. 

Refer  from  Imposture ;  Medicine. 
Quadrupeds.      See  also   Domestic  animals ; 

Mammals ;  Zoology. 
Refer  from  Mammals  ;  Zoology. 
Quakers.     See  Friends,  society  of. 
Qualitative  analysis.     See  Chemistry. 
Quantitative  analysis.     See  Chemistry. 
Quarantine. 

Refer  from  Contagion  ;  Hygiene,  public  ; 

Naval  hygiene. 
Quarrying.      See  also  Blasting;  Mines  and 

mining. 

Refer  from  Blasting;  Stone. 
Quarternions. 

Refer  from  Geometry  ;  Mathematics. 
Queens.     See  also  Monarchy. 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Monarchy  ;  Rulers  ; 
Sovereigns ;  Woman. 

150 


Qui-Rea]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Quicksilver.     See  Mercury. 

Quotations.     See  also   Epigrams ;  Maxims ; 

Proverbs. 

Refer  from  Aphorisms  ;  Apothegms  ;  Epi- 
grams ;    Literature ;    Maxims  ;    Poetry ; 
Proverbs ;  Sayings. 
Races  of  man.     See  Ethnology. 
Racing.     See  Horse-racing  ;  Rowing,  etc. 
Radiation.     See  also  Heat ;  Light ;  Sound. 

Refer  from  Heat ;  Light;  Physics;  Sound. 
Ragged  schools. 

Refer  from  Charity  schools  ;    Education  ; 

Schools. 

Railroads.  See  also  Bridges  ;  Cars  ;  Earth- 
work ;  Electric  railroads  ;  Engineering ; 
Horse-railroads  ;  Locomotives  ;  Steam- 
engine  ;  Street-railroads  ;  Subways  ;  Sur- 
veying ;  Tunnels. 

Refer  from  Carriers  ;    Commerce ;    Engi- 
neering ;     Locomotion ;     Locomotives ; 
Machinery ;       Roads ;       Steam-engine  ; 
Surveying ;  Transportation. 
Rain.     See  also  Meteorology. 

Refer  from  Meteorology ;  Water. 
Rainbow. 

Refer  from  Light ;  Meteorology. 
Rationalism.      See  also  Free  religion  ;  Free 
thought ;   Reason  ;  Transcendentalism. 
Refer  from  Free  religion  ;   Free  thought ; 
Materialism ;    Philosophy ;   Reason    (in 
religion)  ;  Religion  ;    Skepticism  ;  The- 
ology. 
^ Readers  and  speakers.  -  See  also  Dialogues  ; 

Orations  ;  Poetry ;  Primers. 
Refer  from  Declamation  ;  Dialogues  ;  Elo- 
cution ;     Literature ;    Poetry ;    Primers ; 
Reading ;  Recitations  ;  Speakers  ;  Text- 
books. 

leading.     See  Books  and  reading ;  Elocution. 
Real    presence.     See   Lord's    supper;  Tran- 

substantiation. 

Real    property.       See    also    Conveyancing ; 

Deeds ;    Easements ;    Land ;     Landlord 

and     tenant ;      Mortgages ;     Property ; 

Sale;  Taxation;  Titles. 

Refer  from  Conveyancing ;  Land ;  Law ; 

Property ;  Titles. 
Realism.     See  also  Idealism. 

Refer  from  Idealism  ;  Philosophy ;  Scho- 
lastic philosophy. 

Reason.     See  also  Animal  psychology ;  In- 
stinct ;  Logic ;  Philosophy. 
Refer  from  Intellect;    Philosophy;    Psy- 
chology; Rationalism. 


Rea-Reg] 


LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


Reason  (in  religion).     See  Rationalism. 
Rebellion.      See     also     Revolutions;      also 
names  of  countries  in  which  rebellions 
have  taken   place,   as  U.  S.,  History ', 
Civil  War,  England,  Scotland,  etc. 
Refer  from  Political  science  ;  Revolutions. 
Receipts.     See  also  Cookery. 
Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Chemistry ;  Do- 
mestic economy;  Manufactures. 
Receivers. 

Refer  from    Bankruptcy ;    Corporations ; 

Law. 
Reciprocity. 

Refer  from  Political  science;  Tarift. 
Recitations.     See  Readers  and  speakers. 
Recreation.       See     Amusements ;      Games ; 
Gymnastics  ;  Physical  education  ;  Sports, 
etc. 

Rectors.     See  Clergy ;  Ministers. 
Redemption.     See  Salvation.   • 
Referendum.  c$jJL'       ^juJtCa-AMT^    OuU-^U 

Refer  from  Democracy;  Political  science. 
Reform.     See  also  Charities;  Civil  service; 
England,  House  of  Commons;  Prisons ; 
and  other  subjects  of  reform. 
Refer  from  Progress. 
Reform  schools.     See  Reformatories. 
Reformation.      See    also    Catholic    church ; 
Church  history ;   Huguenots  ;    Hussites  ; 
Protestantism  ;  Thirty  years1  war ;  Wal- 
denses ;    also  names  of  countries   and 
churches. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Church  his- 
tory ;  Church  of  Scotland  ;  History,  mod- 
ern ;  Protestantism ;  Reformers. 
Reformatories.     See  also  Prisons. 

Refer  from  Children  ;  Crime  ;  Education ; 
Penal    institutions ;    Prisons ;     Reform 
schools. 
Reformers.     See  also  Reformation. 

Refer  from   Biography ;    Christian    biog- 
raphy. 

Regalia.     See  also  Church  vestments ;  Cos- 
tume ;  Crowns. 
Refer  from  Costume. 
Regattas.     See  Rowing;  Sailing. 
Regeneration.     See  also   Baptism ;   Conver- 
sion; Salvation. 

Refer  from  Baptism  ;  Conversion  ;  Salva- 
tion ;  Theology. 

Registers  [not  annual] .  See  also  Almanacs  ; 
Year-books  [for  annual  registers]  ;  also 
names  of  places,  religious  denomina- 
tions, etc. 

152 


' 


y^jiA^ju^uju^^ 


Rei-Rel]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Reincarnation.  See  Preexisterice ;  Trans- 
migration. 

Relics.     See  also  Miracles  ;  Shrines. 

Refer  from  Church  antiquities  ;  Miracles ; 

Shrines ;   Superstition. 

/^Religion.  [Including  comparative  theology 
and  history  of  religion.  For  the  Chris- 
tian doctrines  see  Theology.  For  evi- 
dences see  Christianity.]  See  also 
Allegories;  Atheism;  Belief;  Bible; 
Christian  biography;  Christian  life; 
Christianity ;  Church  history ;  Church 
polity ;  Conscience  ;  Consolation ;  Deism  ; 
Devotional  exercises ;  Ethics ;  Evil ; 
Faith  ;  Fanaticism  ;  Fasts  and  feasts  ; 
Free  religion ;  Future  life  ;  God  ;  Hymns  ; 
Idolatry ;  Jesus  Christ ;  Miracles  ;  Mis- 
sions ;  Monasticism  ;  Mysteries  ;  Mysti- 
cism ;  Mythology ;  Natural  religion ;  . 
Oracles  ;  Pantheism  ;  Philosophy ;  Posi- 
tivism ;  Prayer  ;  Rationalism  ;  Religion 
and  science  ;  Religions  ;  Religious  edu- 
cation ;  Religious  liberty ;  Religious 
poetry  ;  Revelation  ;  Revivals  ;  Ritual- 
ism ;  Sacraments ;  Sacrifice ;  Saints ; 
Sects ;  Sermons  ;  Serpent-worship ;  Sin  ; 
Skepticism  ;  Sunday ;  Supernatural ; 
Superstition ;  Symbolism  ;  Theism  ;  The- 
osophy ;  Totems  ;  Worship. 
Refer  from  Christianity ;  Ethics ;  Faith  ; 
God ;  Man  ;  Natural  religion ;  Philos- 
ophy ;  Revelation ;  Sociology ;  Super- 
natural ;.  Theology. 
^Religion  and  science.  See  also  Creation ; 

Evolution ;  Natural  religion. 
Refer  from   Bible  ;  Creation  ;  Evolution ; 
Natural  religion  ;  Philosophy  ;  Religion  ; 
Science ;    Science   and    religion ;    The- 
ology. 

Religion  of  humanity.     See  Positivism. 

Religions.  See  also  Aryans  ;  Brahmanism  ; 
Buddhism  ;  Christianity  ;  Confucianism  ; 
Dervishes  ;  Essenes  ;  Hinduism  ;  Idol- 
atry ;  Indians  ;  Jews  ;  Mohammedanism  ; 
Mormonism  ;  Mythology  ;  Parsees  ;  Poly- 
theism ;  Rosicrucians  ;  Sects  ;  Serpent- 
worship  ;  Spiritualism  ;  Taouism  ;  The- 
osophy. 

Refer  from  Belief;   Mythology;  Polythe- 
ism ;  Religion ;  Superstition. 

Religious  art.  See  Christian  art ;  Church 
architecture;  Temples. 

Religious  biography.  See  Christian  biog- 
raphy. 


Rel-Rep]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Religious  ceremonies.  See  Rites  and  cere- 
monies. 

Religious  education.  See  also  Bible  classes  ; 
Bible  in  the  schools ;  Moral  education ; 
Sunday  schools ;  Theological  education. 
Refer  from  Christian  education  ;  Christian 
life  ;  Education ;  Moral  education  ;  Re- 
ligion ;  Sunday  schools ;  Theological 
education. 

Religious  festivals.  See  Fasts  and  feasts ; 
Festivals. 

Religious  history.     See  Church  history. 

Religious  liberty.  See  also  Church  and 
state ;  Free  religion ;  Free  thought ; 
Liberty ;  Liberty  of  conscience ;  Perse- 
cution. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Church  his- 
tory; Church  polity;  Free  thought;  In- 
tolerance ;  Liberty ;  Liberty  of  con- 
science ;  Persecution ;  Political  science  ; 
Private  judgment ;  Religion ;  Tolera- 
tion. 

Religious  orders.  See  Brotherhoods;  Chiv- 
alry ;  Jesuits  ;  Monasticism  ;  Sisterhoods. 

Religious  poetry.     See  also  Hymns. 

Refer  from  Hymns  ;  Poetry ;  Religion ; 
Sacred  poetry. 

Religious  services.     See  Liturgies ;  Worship. 

Remedies  (in  medicine).     See  Therapeutics. 

Renaissance.  See  also  France  ;  Italy ;  Mid- 
dle ages. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  History,  modern ; 
Literature ;  Middle  ages ;  Revival  of 
letters. 

Rent.     See  also  Land ;  Landlord  and  tenant. 
Refer  from  Economics  ;  Land  ;  Landlord 
and  tenant ;  Law ;  Property. 

Repentance.  See  also  Confession;  Conver- 
sion ;  Penance. 

Refer  from  Conversion  ;  Ethics;  Penance; 
Penitence  ;  Sin  ;  Theology. 

Reporting.       See    also    Journalism ;    Short- 
hand. 
Refer  from  Journalism. 

Representation.  See  also  Boroughs ;  Mi- 
norities ;  Suffrage. 

Refer  from  Boroughs  ;  Democracy ;  Elec- 
tion (in  politics)  ;  Free  institutions ; 
Political  science  ;  Republics  ;  Suffrage  ; 
Voting. 

Reptiles.     See  also  Batrachia  ;  Serpents. 
Refer     from     Herpetology ;      Serpents ; 
Snakes  ;  Vertebrates  ;  Zoology. 

Republics.      See  also   Democracy ;    Federal 

'54 


Rep-Rid]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

government;  Political   science;    Repre- 
sentation ;  also  names  of  republics. 
Refer  from  Democracy ;   Federal  govern- 
ment ;  Free  institutions ;    Political    sci- 
ence ;   Presidential  government. 
Repudiation.     See  also  Debts,  public. 

Refer  from  Debts,  public ;  Finance  ;  Loans. 
Reservoirs.     See  also  Water-supply. 

Refer  from  Water-supply. 
Residences.     See  Architecture,  domestic. 
Respiration.     See  Breathing. 
Responsive    worship.     See    also    Liturgies ; 

Ritualism. 

Refer  from   Devotional  exercises ;  Litur- 
gies ;  Prayer ;  Worship. 
Rest. 

Refer  from  Hygiene  ;  Therapeutics. 
Resurrection.     See  also   Future   life;    Jesus 

Christ. 

Refer  from  Death  ;  Future  life  ;  Theology.  ^-p    / 

Retribution.     See  Future  life;    Future  pun- 
ishment ;   Heaven ;   Hell ;  Purgatory. 
Revelation.     See   also    Bible;    Christianity; 

Religion ;  Theology. 
Refer  from  Bible  ;  Religion  ;  Theology. 
Revenue.     See  Finance  ;  Tariff;  Taxation. 
Revival  of  letters.     See  Renaissance. 
Revivals.      See  also   Camp-meetings ;    Con- 
version ;  Prayer-meetings. 
Refer  from   Christian    life ;    Church    his- 
tory;  Conversion;  Missions;  Religion; 
Theology. 
Revolutions.       See     also     Rebellion ;      also 

names  of  countries. 
Refer  from    History ;     Political    science ; 

Rebellion. 

Rhetoric.  See  also  Allegory  ;  Conversation  ; 
Criticism ;  Drama ;  Elocution ;  Elo- 
quence ;  Esthetics ;  Letter-writing  ;  Met- 
aphor; Oratory;  Poetry;  Preaching; 
Punctuation  ;  Satire ;  Translation. 
Refer  from  Composition  ;  Criticism  ;  Elo- 
cution ;  Expression  ;  Language  ;  Letter- 
writing  ;  Literature ;  Metaphor ;  Ora- 
tory ;  Prose  ;  Speaking  ;  Style  ;  Words  ; 
Writing. 
Rheumatism. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of. 
Rhyme.     See  also  Prosody. 

Refer  from  Poetry  ;  Prosody ;  Versification. 
Riches.     See  Wealth. 
Riddles.       See    also    Charades ;    Enigmas ; 

Puzzles. 
Refer    from     Amusements ;      Charades ; 

'55 


Rid-Rod]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Conundrums  ;      Enigmas  ;      Literature  ; 
Puzzles. 

Riding.  See  Coaching ;  Driving ;  Horse- 
manship. 

Rifle.     See  also  Firearms  ;  Gun  ;  Shooting. 
Refer  from  Arms  and  armor ;  Firearms ; 
Gun ;  Shooting. 

Right  and  wrong.     See  Ethics. 

Rights  of  woman.     See  Woman. 

Rings.     See  also  Jewelry. 

Refer  from  Finger  rings;  Jewelry. 

Riots. 

Refer  from  History ;  Mobs ;  Political 
science. 

Rites  and  ceremonies.  See  also  Baptism ; 
Burial  service  ;  Canonization  ;  Church 
antiquities  ;  Church  dedication  ;  Con- 
firmation ;  Coronations ;  Fasts  and 
feasts  ;  Funerals  ;  Hymns  ;  Liturgies  ; 
Marriage  ;  Mass  ;  Ordination  ;  Prayers  ; 
Ritualism  ;  Sacraments  ;  Worship. 
Refer  from  Ceremonies ;  Christian  art 
and  symbolism ;  Church  antiquities ; 
Church  ceremonies ;  Church  polity ; 
Ecclesiastical  ceremonies ;  Liturgies ; 
Manners  and  customs ;  Religious  cere- 
monies ;  Ritualism ;  Worship. 

Ritualism.  See  also  Catholic  church  ;  Church 
of  England ;  Rites  and  ceremonies ; 
Worship. 

Refer  from  Church  of  England ;  Church 
polity ;  Liturgies  ;  Prayer ;  Protestant 
episcopal  church  in  the  U.S.;  Religion  ; 
Responsive  worship ;  Rites  and  cere- 
monies ;  Worship. 

Rivers.     See  also  Embankments  ;    Erosion  ; 
Floods  ;  Hydraulic  engineering  ;  Valleys. 
Refer  from  Hydraulic  engineering;  Inland 
navigation  ;    Physical   geography ;    Val- 
leys ;  Water. 

Roads.      See  also    Pavements ;    Railroads ; 

Street  cleaning ;  Street-railroads. 
Refer  from  Engineering  ;  Highways  ;  Loco- 
motion ;  Pavements  ;  Streets  ;  Transpor- 
tation. 

Robbers.     See  also  Brigands. 

Refer  from  Brigands  ;  Crime  ;  Thieves  ; 
Vagabonds. 

Rocks.      See    also    Geology ;     Mineralogy ; 

Stone. 

Refer  from  Geology  ;  Lithology  ;  Mineral- 
ogy ;  Petrography  ;  Petrology  ;  Stone. 

Rod,  the.  See  Corporal  punishment ;  Flog- 
ging- 

156 


Roe-Sac] 


LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


Roentgen  rays.     See  X  rays. 

Roman     Catholic     church.       See     Catholic 

church. 

Roman  law.     See  Civil  law. 
Romance.     See  Fiction;  Romances. 
Romances.      See    also    Fiction ;     Legends ; 

Poetry. 
Refer  from  Fiction ;  Legends  ;  Literature  ; 

Romance ;   Stories. 
Romanism.     See  Catholic  church. 
V  Romanticism. 

Refer  from  Literature. 
Roofs.     See  also  Arches  ;  Domes  ;  Girders ; 

Trusses  ;  Vaulting. 
Refer      from      Architecture ;      Girders ; 

Strength  of  materials ;  Trusses. 
Rope.     See    also  Cables ;    Hemp ;    Knots ; 

Wire. 

Refer  from  Cables  ;  Hemp  ;  Manufactures. 
Rosary. 

Refer    from     Beads ;     Catholic    church ; 

Prayers. 
Rosicrucians. 

Refer  from  Mysticism  ;  Religions  ;  Secret 

societies. 
Rowing.     See  also  Boating. 

Refer  from  Boating  ;  Locomotion  ;  Navi- 
gation ;  Racing ;  Regattas  ;  Sports. 
Royalty.     See  Monarchy. 
•-"'Rubber.     SeeAv&va  rubber-. 
Ruins.     See  Archaeology. 
Rulers.     See  Emperors  ;  Kings ;  Monarchy ; 

Popes  ;  Presidents  ;  Queens. 
Rules  of  order.     See  Parliamentary  practice. 
Running.     See  also  Walking. 

Refer  from  Animal  locomotion  ;  Locomo- 
tion ;  Physical  education  ;  Sports ;  Walk- 
ing. 

Rural  architecture.     See  Architecture ;  Cot- 
/      tages  ;  Landscape  gardening. 
Rural  econonvjp<Co  >Skr  Agriculture. 
•''Rural  life.     -See  Country  life  ;  Outdoor  life. 
Rural  poetry.     See  Pastoral  poetry. 
Russian  church.     See  Greek  church. 
Russo-Turkish  war.  See  also  Russia ;  Turkey. 
Sabbath.     See  Sunday. 
Sacraments.     See  also   Baptism ;    Confirma- 
tion ;  Lord's  supper  ;  Marriage  ;  Ordina- 
tion ;  Penance. 

Refer  from  Baptism  ;  Church  of  England  ; 
Church  polity ;  Lord's  supper ;  Protest- 
ant episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. ;  Re- 
ligion ;  Rites  and  ceremonies ;  Theology  ; 
Worship. 


S'ex     <x£-a-o 


157 


Sac-Sat]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Sacred  art.     See  Christian  art. 

Sacred  history.     See  Bible  ;  Church  history. 

Sacred  music.     See  Church  music. 

Sacred     poetry.       See     Hymns;     Religious 

poetry. 
Sacrifice.     See  also  Atonement. 

Refer  from  Religion  ;  Theology  ;  Worship. 
Saddlery.     See  Harness. 
Sagas.      See  also   Folk-lore  ;    Scandinavian 

literature   [and  its  subdivisions]  . 
Refer  from  Folk-lore  ;  Literature  ;   Myth- 

ology. 
Sailing.     See  also  Boating  ;  Canoeing  ;  Navi- 

gation ;  Yachting. 
Refer  from    Boating  ;    Navigation  ;    Re- 

gattas ;   Ships  ;  Sports  ;  Yachting. 
Sailors.     See  also  Naval  biography. 
Refer  from  Naval  biography;  Navigation; 

Seamen  ;  Ships. 
Sails. 

Refer  from  Ships. 
''  Saints.     See  also  Canonization  ;  Christian"  art 

and  symbolism;  Fathers  of  the  church. 
Refer  from  Bible  ;  Biography  ;  Canoniza- 
tion ;    Catholic    church  ;    Christian    art 
and    symbolism  ;    Christian    biography  ; 
Fathers  of  the  church  ;  Heroes  ;  Iconog- 
raphy ;    Legends  ;    Martyrs  ;    Miracles  ; 
Religion. 
Salads.     See  also  Cookery. 

Refer  from  Cookery. 
Sale.     See  also  Auctions  ;  Commercial  law  ; 

Conveyancing  ;  Titles. 
Refer  from  Commercial    law  ;   Contracts  ; 
Law  ;  Personal  property  ;  Property  ;  Real 
property  ;  Titles  ;  Vendors. 
Salesmen,  traveling.     See  Commercial  trav- 

elers. 

Salvation.  See  also  Conversion  ;  Future  life  ; 
Predestination  ;  Regeneration  ;  Soul  ; 
Universalism. 

Refer   from    Future   life  ;    Jesus    Christ  ; 
Man  ;  Predestination  ;  Redemption  ;  Re- 
generation ;  Sin  ;  Theology. 
Sanctuary.     See  Asylum,  right  of. 
~ 


Sanitary   engineering.*  ~See   also    Heating; 

Plumbing  ;  Sewerage  ;   Street  cleaning  ; 

Ventilation  ;  Water-supply. 
Refer  from    Architecture  ;     Engineering  ; 

Hygiene,    public  ;    Plumbing  ;     Sanitary 

science  ;  Sewerage. 
Sanitary   science.      See   Hygiene  ;    Sanitary 

engineering. 
Satan.     See  Devil. 

158 


Sat-Sci]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Satire.     See  also   Caricature;  Parody;  Wit 

and  humor. 

Refer  from  Caricature ;  Comic  literature  ; 
Lampoons  ;  Literature  ;  Poetry ;  Rheto- 
ric ;  Wit  and  humor. 

Savings-banks.      See  also  Building   associa- 
tions. 

Refer  from  Banks  and  banking. 
Sayings.    See  Epigrams  ;  Maxims  ;  Proverbs ; 

Quotations ;  Table-talk. 
Scalds.     See  Burns  and  scalds. 
Scarlatina.     See  also  Scarlet  fever. 

Refer  from  Children,  Diseases;  Medicine, 

practice  of;  Scarlet  fever. 
Scarlet  fever.     See  also  Scarlatina, 

Refer  from  Children,  Diseases ;  Contagion  ; 
Fever;  Medicine,  practice  of;  Scar- 
latina. 

Scepticism.     See  Skepticism. 
Scholastic  philosophy.     See  also  Realism. 

Refer  from  Philosophy. 
School-books.     See  Text-books. 


_ 

/^School-houses.     See  also  School  hygiene. 
Refer   from     Architecture  ;     Education  ; 

Schools. 
School  hygiene. 

Refer  from  Education  ;  Hygiene,  public  ; 
^^^  School-houses  ;  Schools, 
'  School  music. 


, 

v 


Refer  from  Education  ;  Music ;  Songs. 
Schoolmasters.     See  Teachers. 

•Schools.  See  also  Academies ;  Charity 
schools  ;  Colleges ;  Education  ;  Grammar 
schools ;  Kindergarten  ;  Normal  schools  ; 
Private  schools  ;  Public  schools  ;  Ragged 
schools  ;  School-houses  ;  School  hygiene  ; 
Sewing  schools ;  Sunday  schools. 
,  Refer  from  Education. 

V  Science.  See  also  Arts,  useful ;  Astronomy ; 
Biology  ;  Botany  ;  Chemistry ;  Econom- 
ics ;  Ethics ;  Ethnology ;  Evolution ; 
Geography ;  Geology ;  History ;  Instru- 
ments ;  Inventions ;  Language ;  Law ; 
Logic ;  Man ;  Mathematics  ;  Medicine  ; 
Meteorology  ;  Microscope  ;  Military  art 
and  science ;  Mineralogy ;  Natural  his- 
tory ;  Nature ;  Nature  study ;  Naval  art 
and  science  ;  Paleontology ;  Philosophy ; 
Physical  geography;  Physics;  Political 
science ;  Psychology ;  Religion  and 
science  ;  Scientists  ;  Sociology  ;  The- 
ology i  Weights  and  measures  ;  Zoology. 
Refer  from  Discoveries  (in  science) ; 

i59 


Sci-Sea]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Knowledge;    Natural   history;    Natural 
science  ;  Nature  ;   Philosophy. 
Science    and    religion.      See   Religion   and 

science. 
Scientific  apparatus.     See  also  Instruments. 

Refer  from  Instruments. 
Scientific  associations.     See  Scientific  socie- 
ties. 
Scientific  education. 

Refer  from  Education. 
Scientific  men.     See  Scientists. 
Scientific  societies. 

Refer  from  Scientific  associations ;  Soci- 
eties. 
Scientists.    See  also  Astronomers  ;  Botanists ; 

Electricians ;  Naturalists. 
Refer  from  Authors  ;    Biography ;    Natu- 
ralists ;  Science  ;   Scientific  men. 
Scouring.     See  Cleaning ;  Dyeing. 
Scriptures.     See  Bible. 
Sculptors.     See  also  Artists. 

Refer  from  Artists  ;    Biography ;  Sculpt- 
ure. 

Sculpture.  See  also  Anatomy  for  artists; 
Arts,  fine;  Bas-relief;  Bronzes;  Carv- 
ing ;  Drawing ;  Esthetics  ;  Ivory ;  Monu- 
ments ;  Sculptors. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Arts,  fine  ;  Bas- 
relief;   Carving   (wood,   etc.)  ;    Decora- 
tion and  ornament ;  Monuments  ;   Stat- 
ues ;  Stone-cutting. 
Sea.     See  Ocean. 

Sea  bathing.     See  Baths  and  bathing. 
Sea  mosses.     See  Algae. 
Sea    power.     See    Naval   art   and   science; 

Naval  history. 
Seal  (animal). 
Refer  from  Fisheries  ;  Mammals  ;  Marine 

zoology;  Zoology. 
Seals  (numismatics). 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Signets. 
Seamanship.     See  Navigation. 

Seamen.  .  See  Sailors.  ^ 

Seashore.     See  also  Algae  ;  Baths  and  bath- 
ing; Beaches ;  Marine  zoology ;  Ocean. 
Refer  from    Beaches ;    Marine    zoology ; 

Ocean  ;  Physical  geography ;  Shore. 
Seasickness. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of;  Naval 

hygiene ;  Ocean. 

Seasons.  See  also  Autumn;  Spring;  Sum- 
mer; Winter. 

Refer    f#om    Astronomy ;    Meteorology ; 
Months ;  Year. 

160 


Sea-Sen] 


LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 


Seaweeds.     See  Algae. 

Secession.      See    also    Confederate    states ; 

State  rights;  U.  SM  History,  Civil  war. 

Refer  from  Federal  government;  Political 

science ;  State  rights. 

Second    advent.      See    also    Jesus    Christ; 
Judgment,  day  of;  Millennium  ;  Prophe- 
cies ;  Second  adventists. 
Refer  from   Advent ;  Jesus    Christ ;   Mil- 
lennium ;  Prophecies ;  Theology. 
Second  adventists. 

Refer  from   Millerites  ;    Second   advent ; 

Sects. 
Second  sight.     See  also  Clairvoyance. 

Refer  from   Animal    magnetism  ;   Divina- 
tion ;  Occult  sciences  ;   Superstition. 
Secondary  batteries.     See  Storage  batteries. 
Secondary  schools.     See  High  schools 
Secret    societies.      See  also   Fenians ;   Free- 
masonry; Malta,  knights  of;  Nihilism; 
Odd-fellows  ;   Rosicrucians ;  Templars. 
Refer  from  Societies. 
Secret  writing.     See  Cipher. 
Sects.     See  also  Baptists  ;  Brownists  ;  Cath- 
olic church  ;  Christian  union  ;  Church  of 
England  ;    Congregationalism  ;    Dissent- 
ers ;    Friends,    society  of ;   Huguenots ; 
Hussites  ;   Methodist  episcopal  church  ; 
Moravians  ;     Mormonism  ;     Nestorians  ; 
New       Jerusalem ;        Presbyterianism ; 
Protestant    episcopal    church ;    Second 
adventists ;      Shakers  ;       Unitarianism  ; 
Universalism  ;  Waldenses. 
Refer  from  Belief;  Christianity;   Church 
history  ;  Denominations  ;  Faith  ;  Protest- 
antism ;  Religion  ;  Religions  ;  Theology. 
Securities.     See  Bonds  ;  Investments  ;  Mort- 
gages ;  Stocks. 
Seedlings. 

Refer  from  Botany. 
^Seeds. 

Refer  from  Botany. 

Seismology.     See  Earthquakes  ;  Volcanoes. 
vSelf-culture.     See  also  Conduct  of  life  ;  Con- 
versation ;  Education ;  Etiquette. 
Refer  from   Conduct    of   life ;     Culture ; 
Education  ;      Ethics  ;      Self-education  ; 
Young  men  ;  Young  women. 
Self-education.     See  Self-culture. 
Senate.     See  names  of  countries  and  states, 
as  U.S. ;  France ;  Rome  ;  Massachusetts. 
Sensation.     See  Senses. 

»  Senses. "—See  also  Blind  ;  Color-sense ;  Deaf 
and  dumb  ;  Deafness  ;  Ear ;  Eye  ;  Hear- 


*<_*U 


161 


Sen-She]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

ing ;  Light ;  Sight ;  Smell ;  Sound  ;  Taste  ; 
Touch. 

Refer  from  Intellect ;  Philosophy ;  Physi- 
ology; Psychology;  Sensations. 
Sepoy  war.     See  India,  History. 
Sepulchres.     See  Tombs. 
Sepulture.     See  Burial. 
Serfdom.     See  also  Russia  ;  Slavery. 

Refer  from  Political  science  ;  Slavery. 
Sermon   on    the   Mount.      See  also   Beati- 
tudes. 

Refer  from  Beatitudes  ;  Bible. 
Sermons.     See  also  Preaching. 

Refer     from     Homiletics ;      Literature ; 

Preaching ;  Religion  ;  Theology. 
Serpent-worship. 

Refer  from  Animals,   worship   of;  Relig- 
ion ;  Religions ;  Serpents  ;  Worship. 
Serpents.      See  also  Reptiles ;  Serpent- wor- 
ship. 

Refer  from  Reptiles  ;   Snakes. 
(/Servants.     See  also  Master  and  servant. 

Refer  from  Domestic  economy;    Domes- 
tics ;  Labor ;  Master  and  servant. 
Service-books.     See  Liturgies. 
Settlements.     See  Social  settlements. 
Sewage. 

Refer  from  Sewerage. 
Sewerage.       See    also    Drainage ;    Sanitary 

engineering;  Sewage. 
Refer  from    Drainage  ;  House  drainage ; 

Sanitary  engineering. 
iX Sewing.     See  Needlework. 
Sewing  schools. 

Refer  from  Needlework  ;  Schools. 
^Sex.  3e/y 

Refer  from   Biology;  Man;  Physiology; 

Woman. 
Shadow  pantomimes. 

Refer  from   Amateur  theatricals ;  Panto- 
mime. 
Shadows. 

Refer  from  Drawing;  Perspective. 
Shakers. 

Refer  from  Sects  ;  Socialism. 
Sheep.     See  also  Wool. 

Refer  from   Agriculture ;     Domestic   ani- 
mals ;  Live  stock  ;  Wool ;  Worsted. 
Shell-mounds. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Mounds. 
^Shells.     See  Mollusks  ;  Projectiles. 
Sheriffs. 
Refer  from  County  officers;  Law. 

162 


Shi-Sig]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Ship-building.       See  also  Armored  vessels ; 

Boating;  Ships;  Yachting. 
Refer  from  Architecture,  naval ;  Arts, 
useful ;  Marine  architecture ;  Naval 
architecture ;  Naval  art  and  science ; 
Navigation  ;  Ships  ;  Steam  navigation  ; 
Vessels. 

Ship-fever.     See  Typhus  fever. 
Ships.     See  also  Anchors  ;  Armored  vessels  ; 
Boating ;  Commerce  ;  Galleys  ;  Naval  art 
and  science  ;  Navigation  ;  Sailing ;  Sail- 
ors ;  Sails  ;  Ship-building  ;  Shipwrecks  ; 
Steam  navigation ;  Yachting. 
Refer  from    Navigation ;    Ocean ;    Ship- 
building ;  Vessels. 
Shipwrecks.     See  also  Collisions  ;  Life-boats  ; 

Life-saving. 

Refer  from  Accidents  ;    Adventure  ;    Col- 
lisions ;  Disasters  ;  Life-saving ;  Naviga- 
tion ;  Ocean ;   Ships  ;  Wrecks. 
Shoemakers. 

Refer  from  Biography. 
Shoes. 

Refer    from     Boots ;     Costume ;      Foot ; 

Leather ;  Manufactures. 
Shooting.     See  also  Archery ;  Game  ;  Gun ; 

Gunnery  ;  Hunting  ;  Rifle  ;  Sports. 
Refer  from  Firearms;  Gunnery;  Hunting; 

Rifle;  Sports. 

Shooting-stars.     See  Meteors. 
Shore.     See  Seashore. 

Shorthand.    See  also  Abbreviations  ;  Writing. 

Refer  from  Abbreviations  ;  Phonography ; 

Reporting ;    Signs  ;    Stenography ;    Ta- 

> chYRraphy;  Writing. Sn  O  ^  S&V 

Shrines.     See  also  Relics. 

Refer  from    Church   antiquities ;    Church 

furniture ;  Relics. 

Shrubs.    See  also  Botany  :  Gardening ;  Land- 
scape gardening ;  Trees. 
Refer  from    Botany ;    Gardening ;    Land- 
scape gardening. 
Sick,  the.     See  Invalids. 
Sieges.       See  also   Battles ;    Fortifications ; 

Military  art  and  science. 
Refer    from     Battles ;    History ;    Military 

art  and  science  ;  Military  history. 
Sight.       See   also    Blind  ;    Color-blindness ; 

Eye ;  Spectacles. 

Refer  from  Eye;  Light;  Senses;  Vision. 
Sign  language.     See  also  Cipher ;  Deaf  and 

dumb ;  Pantomime. 

Refer  from   Deaf  and   Dumb ;    Gesture ; 
Language ;  Signs.  . 

163 


Sig-Ske]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Sign  painting.     See  also  Alphabets ;  Paint- 
ing, mechanical. 

Refer  from  Painting,    mechanical ;    Sign- 
boards ;   Signs. 
Signals.     See  also  Flags  ;  Telegraph. 

Refer  from  Military  art  and  science  ;  Navi- 
gation ;  Signs. 

Signatures.     See  Autographs. 
Signboards.     See  also  Sign  painting. 

Refer  from    Advertising ;     Archaeology ; 

Commerce ;  Signs. 
Signets.     See  Seals. 

Signs.     See  Omens ;   Shorthand  ;  Sign   lan- 
guage ;    Sign  painting ;    Signals ;  Sign- 
boards. 
Silhouettes. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine. 
'Silk. 

Refer  from  Fibres;  Textile  fabrics;  Yarn. 
Silos.     See  Ensilage. 

Silver.     See   also    Bimetallism ;     Coins    and 
medals  ;  Free  coinage  ;  Mines  ;  Money  ; 
Plate ;   Precious  metals. 
Refer  from  Bimetallism  ;    Free    coinage  ; 
Metals  ;     Mines   and    mining ;    Money ; 
Precious  metals ;   Specie. 
Silverplating.     See  Electroplating ;  Plating. 
Silversmithing.     See  also  Jewelry  ;  Plate. 
Refer  from  Arts,   fine  ;    Jewelry ;    Metal- 
work  ;  Plate. 

Sin.      See    also     Absolution;     Confession; 
Crime  ;  Depravity  ;  Fall  of  man  ;  Future 
punishment ;    Predestination  ;    Repent- 
ance ;  Salvation;  Temptation. 
Refer  from  Depravity;  Ethics;  Evil;  Fall 
of  man  ;  Original  sin  ;  Religion  ;  Temp- 
tation ;  Theology ;  Total  depravity. 
Singers. 

Refer  from  Biography ;  Musicians ;   Sing- 
ing ;  Vocalists ;  Woman. 

//Singing.     See  also  Chanting ;    Music ;   Sing- 
ers ;  Songs;  Voice. 
Refer  from  Chanting ;   Music ;  Voice. 
Sisterhoods.     See   also   Convents ;    Deacon- 
esses ;  Monasticism  ;  Nunneries ;  Nuns. 
Refer  from    Catholic   church  ;    Charities ; 
Church    history ;    Church    of   England ; 
Church  polity ;  Monasticism  ;  Protestant 
episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S  ;  Religious 
orders ;  Woman. 
Skating. 

Refer  from  Ice  ;  Locomotion  ;   Sports. 
Skeleton.     See  Bones. 
Skepticism.      See  also   Agnosticism ;    Athe- 

164 


Ske-Smu]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

ism  ;   Deism  ;   Free  thought ;    Material- 
ism ;  Pantheism;  Rationalism. 
Refer     from      Agnosticism ;      Atheism ; 
Doubt ;   Faith  ;    Free   thought ;    Infidel- 
ity ;  Philosophy ;  Religion ;  Scepticism  ; 
Theology;  Unbelief. 
Sketching.     See  Drawing ;   Painting. 
Skin.     See  also  Chicken-pox  ;  Color  of  man ; 

Parasites ;  Smallpox. 
Refer  from  Cutaneous  diseases. 
Skull.     See  also  Brain  ;  Head. 

Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Bones  :  Craniology ; 

Head. 

Sky.     See  Astronomy ;  Meteorology. 
Slander.     See  Libel  and  slander. 
Slang.     See  also  Americanisms. 

Refer  from  Argot ;   Dialects  ;   Language. 
Slave-trade.     See  also  Africa ;   Slavery. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;  Negroes  ;  Slavery. 
i/' Slavery.      See    also    Abolitionists ;     Africa ; 
African  colonization ;    Freedmen ;    Gal- 
leys ;   Negroes  ;   Serfdom ;    Slave-trade  ; 
South ;  United  States. 
Refer  from   Abolition    of  slavery ;    Anti- 
slavery  ;  Colored  people  ;  Emancipation  ; 
Ethics  ;  Freedmen  ;  Freedom  ;   History  ; 
Labor ;  Liberty ;  Negroes  ;  Political  sci- 
ence ;  Serfdom  ;  Slave-trade  ;  Sociology. 
Sleep.    See  also  Animal  magnetism  ;  Dreams ; 
Hypnotism  ;      Insomnia  ;      Nightmare  ; 
Somnambulism. 

Refer  from  Dreams  ;  Hygiene ;   Insomnia ; 
Night ;  Physiology  ;   Psychology  ;  Som- 
nambulism ;   Subconsciousness. 
Sleep-walking.     See    Somnambulism. 
Sleight  of  hand.     See  Conjuring. 
Slojd.     See  Sloyd. 
Sloyd.     See  also  Wood-carving. 

Refer    from     Manual     training ;     Slojd ; 

Wood-carving. 

Smallpox.     See  also   Inoculation ;   Vaccina- 
tion ;   Varioloid. 

Refer  from  Contagion ;  Epidemics  ;  Inocu- 
lation ;    Medicine,     practice    of;    Skin; 
Vaccination  ;   Variola ;  Varioloid. 
Smell.     See  also  Nose. 

Refer  from  Nose  ;  Odors  ;  Senses. 
Smelting.     See  Metals. 
Smoke.     See  also  Fumigation. 

Refer  from  Combustion  ;  Fire. 
Smoking.     See  Tobacco. 
Smuggling. 

Refer  from   Commerce ;    Criminal    law ; 
Tariff. 

165 


Sna-Soi]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Snakes.     See  Reptiles ;  Serpents. 

Snow.     See  also  Avalanches  ;  Ice  ;  Water. 
Refer  from  Meteorology;  Water. 

Soap. 

Refer  from  Cleaning;  Manufactures. 

Sobriquets.     See  Nicknames ;  Pseudonyms.  c»«/o     /»  0        In  ^       I'oP      /*jD  F*~t\ 

Social  science.    See  Civilization  ;  Economics ; 

Political  science  ;  Sociology. 

Social  settlements.     See  also  Poor.  ^s  A  0  '  A.  I       S  0  Jv 

Refer  from  Charities  ;  College  settlements ; 
Philanthrophy  ;  Poor ;  Settlements  ; 
Sociology;  University  settlements. 

Socialism.  See  also  Communism ;  Co- 
operation ;  Economics  ;  Individualism  ; 
Shakers. 

Refer  from  Collectivism  ;  Communism  ; 
Cooperation ;  Economics ;  Individual- 
ism ;  Nationalism ;  Political  science ; 
Property  ;  Sociology  ;  Utopia. 

Societies.  See  also  Agricultural  societies ; 
Bible  societies  ;  Clubs  ;  Corporations  ; 
Friendly  societies ;  Geographical  socie- 
ties ;  Gilds  ;  Historical  societies  ;  Scien- 
tific societies ;  Secret  societies ;  Tract 
societies  ;  Trade-unions. 
Refer  from  Academies ;  Associations ; 
Clubs  ;  Sociology. 

Society.     See  Etiquette  ;  Sociology ;  Solitude. 

Society  of  Jesus.     See  Jesuits. 

Socinianism.     See   also   Arianism ;    Trinity ; 

Unitarianism. 
Refer  from  Arianism  ;  Jesus  Christ ;  The- 

x  ology;  Trinity  ;  Unitarianism. 
V  Sociology.  See  also  Caste  ;  Charities  ;  Chil- 
dren ;  Christianity  ;  Cities  ;  Civilization  ; 
Clubs  ;  Colonies  ;  Communism  ;  Coopera- 
tion ;  Corporations ;  Crime ;  Divorce ; 
Economics  ;  Education  ;  Ethics  ;  Eti- 
quette ;  Family ;  Feudalism ;  Friendly 
societies  ;  Gilds  ;  Immigration ;  Insur- 
ance ;  Labor  ;  Law  ;  Man  ;  Manners  and 
customs  ;  Marriage  ;  Peace  ;  People  ; 
Political  science  ;  Poor ;  Population ; 
Prisons  ;  Progress  ;  Property ;  Punish- 
ment ;  Religion  ;  Slavery ;  Social  settle- 
ments ;  Socialism ;  Societies ;  Statis- 
tics ;  Temperance  ;  Theology ;  Utopia  ; 
Woman. 

Refer  from  Civilization  ;  Ethics  ;  History ; 
Labor ;  Man  ;  People  ;  Political  science  ; 
Science  ;  Social  science  ;  Society. 

Soils.     See  also  Agricultural  chemistry. 
Refer  from  Agricultural  chemistry ;  Agri- 
culture ;  Geology. 

166 


Sol-Spe]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Solar  system.  See  also  Asteroids;  Astron- 
omy ;  Planets  [and  their  names]  ; 
Sun. 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Planets;  Sun. 
Soldering. 

Refer  from  Metal-work  ;  Plumbing. 
Soldiers.     See  also  Military  art  and  science ; 

Military  biography ;  Pensions. 
Refer  from  Biography  ;    Military  art  and 

science ;  Military  biography. 
Solids. 

Refer  from  Physics. 
Solitaire.     See  also  Patience  (game). 

Refer  from  Games. 
Solitude.     See  also  Hermits. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;  Society. 
Somnambulism.     See  also  Dreams  ;  Sleep. 
Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of ;  Night ; 

Psychology ;  Sleep  ;  Sleep-walking, 
v  Songs.     See  also  Anthems ;  Ballads  ;  Carols ; 
Church     music ;     Folk-songs ;     Glees ; 
Hymns  ;  Lyric  poetry ;  National  songs ; 
School  music  ;  Voice.      [Songs  without 
music  go  with  Ballads.] 
Refer  from  Ballads  ;  Carols;  Folk-songs; 
Glees  ;  Music ;  Poetry  ;  Singing ;  Vocal 
music. 
Sonnets. 

Refer  from  Pdetry. 
Sorcery.     See  Witchcraft. 
Sore  throat. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of;  Throat. 
Soubriquets.     See  Nicknames ;  Pseudonyms. 
Soul.     See  also  Animal  psychology;    Future 
life  ;  Preexistence ;  Psychology ;   Trans- 
migration. 

Refer  from  Ethics ;  Future  life ;  Man ; 
Materialism  ;  Philosophy ;  Preexistence  ; 
Psychology;  Salvation;  Spirit \  Theol- 
ogy;  Transmigration. 

Sound.     See  also  Ear;  Music;  Noise;  Pho-  <v    -  i         r  - 

netics;    Phonograph;   Radiation;   Tele- 
phone ;  Voice. 

Refer  from  Acoustics ;  Architecture ;  Ear ; 
Music ;  Noise ;  Physics ;  Radiation ; 
Senses ;  Voice. 

Sovereigns.      See  Emperors ;   Kings ;   Mon- 
archy ;  Queens. 
Space. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Philosophy. 
Sparring.    See  Boxing. 
Speakers.    See  Orators  ;  Readers  and  speak- 
ers. 

167 


Spe-Spi]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Speaking.     See  Elocution ;  Oratory  ;  Preach- 
ing; Rhetoric;  Voice. 
Specie.    See  Gold  ;  Money  ;  Silver. 
Species.     See  also  Evolution. 
Refer  from  Biology ;  Evolution  ;  Origin  of 

species;  Variation  of  species ;  Zoology. 
Specific    gravity.       See    also      Gravitation ; 

Weights  and  measures. 
Refer  from    Gravitation ;     Weights    and 

measures. 
Spectacles. 

Refer  from  Eye ;    Light ;    Optical   instru- 
ments ;  Sight. 

Spectres.     See  Apparitions  ;  Ghosts. 
Spectroscope.     See  Spectrum. 
Spectrum. 

Refer  from  Analysis ;  Astronomy ;  Chem- 
istry ;  Light ;  Optical  instruments  ;  Spec- 
troscope ;  Sun. 
Speculation.     See  also  Credit ;   Investments ; 

Panic ;  Stocks. 

Refer  from  Commerce ;  Economics  ;  Invest- 
ments ;  Panics. 

.'Speech.     See  also  Conversation;   Deaf  and 
dumb ;    Elocution ;    Language ;    Liberty 
of  speech ;  Stammering ;  Voice. 
Refer  from  Language ;  Voice. 
Speeches.     See  Orations  ;  Oratory. 
Spellers.     See  also  Primers. 

Refer  from  Text-books. 
'Spelling. 

Refer     from     Language ;     Orthography ; 

Phonetics ;  Words.      "fc>U^)-vu^eo 
Spine.     See  also  Nervous  system. 

Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Nervous  system. 
i/Spinning.     See  also  Yarn. 

Refer  from  Textile  fabrics  ;  Yarn. 
Spires.    See  also  Towers. 
Refer  front  Architecture ;    Church   archi- 
tecture ;  Steeples ;  Towers. 
Spirit.     See  Holy  spirit ;  Soul. 
Spiritism.     See  Spiritualism. 
Spirits.        See    Apparitions ;     Demonology ; 

Ghosts ;  Spiritualism  ;  Witchcraft. 
'Spiritualism.     See  also  Animal  magnetism; 
Apparitions ;    Clairvoyance  ;   Mind-read- 
ing. 

Refer  from  Apparitions ;  Future  life ; 
Miracles ;  Occult  sciences  ;  Philosophy ; 
Religions ;  Spiritism ;  Spirits ;  Super- 
natural ;  Superstition ;  Table-moving ; 
Theology. 
Spirituous  liquors.  See  Liquors  ;  Temperance. 

1 68 


/s, 


vSo 


Spo-Sta]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Spoils  system.     See  Civil  service. 

Sports.  See  also  Acrobats  ;  Amusements  ; 
Archery ;  Baseball ;  Baths  and  bathing ; 
Betting;  Boating;  Bowling;  Boxing; 
Bull  fights  ;  Camping ;  Canoeing ;  Cricket ; 
Curling  ;  Cycling ;  Driving ;  Falconry ; 
Fencing ;  Fishing ;  Football ;  Gambling ; 
Games;  Golf;  Gymnastics;  Horse-rac- 
ing ;  Horsemanship ;  Hunting ;  Moun- 
taineering ;  Physical  education ;  Poach- 
ing ;  Rowing ;  Running ;  Sailing ;  Shoot- 
ing ;  Skating  ;  Swimming ;  Tournaments  ; 
Training ;  Trapping ;  Walking ;  Yacht- 
ing. 

Refer  from  Amusements ;  Athletics ; 
Country  life ;  Field-sports ;  Game ; 
Games  ;  Gymnastics ;  Hunting ;  Manly 
exercise  ;  Outdoor  life  ;  Physical  educa- 
tion ;  Plays  ;  Recreation  ;  Shooting. 

Spring. 
Refer  from  Seasons . 

Springs.     See  also  Geysers. 
Refer  from  Fountains  ;  Geysers  ;  Physical 
geography ;  Water. 

Stables.     See  also  Barns  ;  Horse. 
Refer   from    Agriculture ;     Architecture ; 
Barns  ;  Domestic  animals  ;  Horse. 

Stage.     See  Acting;  Drama;  Theatre. 

Stage-coaches.     See  Carriages  ;  Coaching. 

Stained  glass.     See  Glass-painting. 

Stair-building.     See  also  Carpentry ;    Hand- 
railing. 
Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Carpentry. 

Stammering. 
Refer  from  Speech  ;  Stuttering ;  Voice. 

Stamps.     See  Postage-stamps. 

Standards.  See  Flags  ;  Units  ;  Weights  and 
measures. 

Stars.     See  also  Asteroids ;  Astrology ;  As- 

stronomy  ;  Meteors  ;  Planets  ;  Zodiac. 
Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Constellations. 

Starvation.     See  also  Famines. 
Refer  from  Abstinence  ;   Diet ;   Famines  ; 
Fasting. 

State,  the.     See  Political  science. 

State  church.  See  Church  and  state ;  Dis- 
establishment. 

State  rights.  See  also  Nullification ;  Seces- 
sion. 

Refer  from  Nullification ;  Political  sci- 
ence ;  Secession. 

Statesmanship.  See  Diplomacy;  Political 
science. 

169 


Sta-Sti]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Statesmen. 

Refer  from  Biography ;  Political  science. 
Statics.    See  also  Mechanics. 
Refer    from     Dynamics;      Engineering; 

Equlibrium  ;  Mechanics  ;  Physics. 
Stationery.     See  also  Ink  ;  Paper. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Manufactures. 
Statistics.      See     also    Almanacs ;    Census ; 
Population  ;  Vital  statistics  ;  Year-books. 
For    statistics    of    a     special     subject, 
country,  or  place,  see  its  name. 
Refer  from  Census  ;  Commerce  ;  Econom- 
ics; History;  Political  science;  Popula- 
tion ;  Sociology. 
Statues.     See  Sculpture. 
Statutes.     For  the  statutes  of  any  country 

or  state  see  its  name. 
Steam.      See   also    Boilers ;    Steam-engine ; 

Steam  heating;  Steam  navigation. 
Refer    from     Boilers ;      Heat ;     Physics ; 

Steam-engine  ;  Vapor  ;  Water. 
Steam-boilers.    See  Boilers  ;  Steam-engine. 
Steam-engine.       See     also     Boilers ;      Fire- 
engine  ;  Heat ;  Locomotives ;  Machinery ; 
Railroads  ;  Steam  ;  Steam  navigation. 
Refer  from   Boilers;    Engineering;    En- 
-  gines ;    Locomotives  ;    Machinery ;   Me- 
chanics ;    Motors ;    Railroads ;    Steam ; 
Steam-boilers ;  Steam  navigation. 
Steam  heating.     See  also  Heating. 

Refer  from  Heating ;  Steam. 
Steam    navigation.      See   also    Navigation ; 

Ship-building ;  Steam-engine. 
Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Inland  navigation ; 
Navigation  ;     Ships ;     Steam  ;     Steam- 
engine  ;  Steamboats  ;  Steamships  ;  Trans- 
portation. 

Steamboats.  See  Steam  navigation. 
Steamships.  See  Steam  navigation. 
Steel.  See  also  Casting ;  Iron. 

Refer  from  Iron ;  Metals. 
Steeples.     See  Spires. 
Stenography.    See  Shorthand. 
Stereography.     See  Geometry. 
Stereopticon.     See  Magic  lantern. 
Stereoscope. 

Refer  from  Light ;  Optical  instruments. 
Stereotomy.     See  Stone-cutting. 
Stereotyping.     See  also  Printing. 

Refer  from  Printing. 
Stimulants  and  narcotics.     See  also  Alcohol  ; 

170 


Sti-Str]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Beverages ;   Coffee  ;   Liquors  ;  Morphia  ; 
Opium  ;  Tea  ;  Temperance ;  Tobacco. 
Refer  from  Beverages  ;  Diet ;  Food ;  Hy- 
giene ;    Medicine ;    Narcotics ;    Temper- 
ance ;  Therapeutics. 

Stock  breeding.     See  Cattle  ;  Domestic  ani- 
mals. 

Stock  companies.     See  Corporations. 
Stock  exchange.     See  also  Banks  and  bank- 
ing; Money;  Panics;  Stocks. 
Refer  from  Banks  and  banking ;  Brokers  ; 
Business  ;  Economics  ;    Money ;  Stocks. 
Stockings.     See  Hosiery. 
Stocks.     See  also  Bonds  ;  Corporations  ;  In- 
vestments ;  Stock  exchange. 
Refer  from   Banks  ;    Bonds  ;    Commerce ; 
Corporations  ;    Economics  ;    Exchange  ; 
Finance ;    Investments ;    Negotiable    in- 
struments ;       Securities ;      Speculation ; 
Stock  exchange. 
Stoics. 

Refer  from  Ethics ;  Philosophy. 
Stomach.     See  also  Digestion. 

Refer  from  Abdomen ;    Anatomy  ;  Diges- 
/    tion. 

'btone.     See  also    Blasting ;   Masonry ;    Pre- 
cious stones  ;  Quarrying ;  Rocks  ;  Stone- 
cutting. 
Refer  from  Building  materials  ;  Geology ; 

Masonry ;  Mineralogy ;  Rocks. 
Stone  age. 

Refer  from  Archaeology. 
Stone-cutting.     See  also  Sculpture. 
Refer  from  Stereotomy ;  Stone. 
Storage  batteries. 

Refer    from     Accumulators ;      Batteries ; 
Electric    batteries;    Electric    railroads; 
Secondary  batteries. 
Stories.      See   Children's    literature ;    Fairy       V    &(fc\i  . 

tales  ;  Fiction  ;  Legends  ;  Romances. 
Storms.    See  also  Thunder-storms  ;  Winds. 
Refer  from  Cyclones  ;    Hurricanes  ;    Me- 
teorology ;  Thunder-storms  ;  Tornadoes ; 
Weather ;  Whirlwinds  ;  Winds. 
Stoves.     See  also  Heating. 

Refer  from  Heating. 
Strains.     See  Strength  of  materials. 
Strategy.      See    Military   art    and    science; 

Naval  art  and  science. 
Street  cleaning. 

Refer  from  Cleaning;    Roads;    Sanitary 
engineering ;  Sweeping. 

171 


Str-Sui]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Street-railroads.     See  also  Electric  railroads  ; 

Horse-railroads. 
Refer  from    Railroads  ;     Roads  ;     Tram- 

ways. 

Streets.    See  Roads. 

Strength  of  materials.  See  also  Archi- 
tecture ;  Bridges  ;  Building  materials  ; 
Elasticity  ;  Girders  ;  Masonry  ;  Roofs  ; 
Trusses. 

Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Bridges  ;  Build- 
ing materials  ;  Elasticity  ;  Engineering  ; 
Masonry;  Materials,  strength  of;  Me- 
chanics ;  Strains  ;  Testing  ;  Timber  ; 
Trusses. 
Strikes  and  lockouts.  See  also  Arbitration, 

industrial  ;  Labor  ;  Trade-unions. 
.    Refer  from   Capital  ;    Economics  ;  Labor  ; 

Lockouts  ;  Trade-unions. 
Students.     See  also  Colleges  ;  Education. 
Refer   from    Colleges     and    universities  ; 

Education  ;  Literary  men. 
Stuttering.     See  Stammering. 
Style.     See  Costume  ;  Fashion  ;  Rhetoric. 
Subconsciousness.  See  also  Faith-cure  ;  Hyp- 

notism. 

Refer  from    Consciousness  ;    Faith-cure  ; 
Hypnotism  ;     Mind     and     body  ;    Psy- 
chology ;  Sleep. 
Submarine  warfare.     See  also  Torpedoes. 

Refer  from  Naval  art  and  science. 
Subways.     See  also  Tunnels. 
Refer  from  Engineering  ;  Railroads  ;  Tun- 

nels. 
Success.      See   also    Business  ;   Conduct    of 

life. 
Refer  from    Business  ;    Conduct  of  life  ; 

Ethics  ;  Wealth  ;  Young  men. 
Suffering.     See  also  Affliction  :  Consolation  ; 

Pain. 

Refer  from  Pain. 

Suffrage.      See    also     Ballot  ;     Citizenship  ; 
Election  ;     Naturalization  ;    Representa- 
tion ;  Woman  suffrage. 
Refer  from  Ballot  ;  Democracy  ;  Election 
(in  politics)  ;   Political  science  ;  Repre- 
sentation ;  Voting. 
Sugar. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Food. 
Suggestion,  mental.     See  Animal  magnetism  ; 

Hypnotism. 
Suicide. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law  ;  Death  ;  Ethics  ; 
Medical  jurisprudence  ;  Murder. 

172 


Sui-Sur]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Suits  at  law.     See  Actions  at  law. 
Summer. 

Refer  from  Seasons. 
Sun.      See   also    Eclipses ;     Solar    system ; 

Spectrum. 
Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Eclipses  ;  Heat ; 

Light ;  Solar  system. 
Sun-dials. 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Dialing  ;  Time- 
keepers. 
Sunday. 
Refer  from    Ethics ;     Fasts    and    feasts ; 

Religion ;  Sabbath  ;  Theology. 
Sunday    schools.     See  also    Bible    classes ; 

Religious  education. 

Refer    from     Bible     classes ;      Children ; 
Education ;  Religious  education ;  Schools. 
Sunstroke.     See  Heatstroke. 
Supernatural.     See  also  Apparitions ;  Mira- 
cles ;    Religion  ;    Spiritualism  ;  Supersti- 
tion ;  Theology. 

Refer  from  Philosophy  ;  Religion  ;  Super- 
stition. 

Superstition.  See  also  Alchemy ;  Amulets ; 
Apparitions  ;  Astrology  ;  Charms  ;  De- 
lusions ;  Demonology ;  Devil ;  Divina- 
tion ;  Dreams  ;  Fairies  ;  Fetishism ; 
Folk-lore  ;  Fortune- telling ;  Ghosts  ;  Le- 
gends ;  Mythology ;  Occult  sciences ; 
Omens ;  Oracles  ;  Palmistry  ;  Relics ; 
Religions  ;  Second  sight ;  Spiritualism  ; 
Supernatural  ;  Theosophy  ;  Totems ; 
Werwolves ;  Witchcraft. 
Refer  from  Delusions  ;  Folk-lore  ;  Mythol- 
ogy ;  Religion ;  Supernatural ;  Witchcraft. 
Supply  and  demand.  See  Demand  and 

supply. 
Suppuration.     See  also  Abscess  ;  Ulcers. 

Refer  from  Abscess ;  Pus  ;  Ulcers. 
Sureties.     See  Guaranties  and  sureties. 
Surgeons. 

Refer  from  Biography ;  Physicians  ;  Sur- 
gery. 

Surgery.  See  also  Accidents  ;  Amputation  ; 
Anatomy ;  Anesthetics  ;  Antiseptics  ; 
Autopsy ;  Bloodletting ;  Bones ;  De- 
formities ;  Diagnosis ;  Dislocations ; 
Fractures ;  Medicine  ;  Military  surgery ; 
Naval  surgery ;  Surgeons ;  Surgical  in- 
struments ;  Wounds. 

Refer  from  Accidents ;  Anatomy ;  Medi- 
cine ;  Medicine,  practice  of ;  Pathology; 
Wounds. 

'73 


Sur-Tab]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Surgical  instruments. 

Refer  from  Instruments  ;  Surgery. 
Surnames.     See  Names. 
Surrogate  law.     See  Wills. 
j/Surveying.    See  also  Barometer;    Engineer- 
ing ;  Geodesy ;  Nautical  surveying ;  Rail- 
roads ;   Topographical  drawing ;    Trigo- 
nometry. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Civil  engineer- 
ing ;  Engineering ;  Geodesy  ;  Geography ; 
Land ;  Leveling ;  Mathematics  ;  Mensur- 
ation ;  Nautical  surveying ;  Railroads ; 
Topography ;  Trigonometry. 
Swearing.  See  also  Oaths. 

Refer  from  Ethics ;  Oaths ;  Profanity. 
Swedenborgianism.      See    New    Jerusalem, 

church  of  the. 
Sweeping.       See  also    Chimney    sweeping; 

Domestic  economy ;  Street  cleaning. 
Refer  from  Carpets ;  Cleaning ;  Domestic 
economy ;  Floors. 

Swimming.     See  also  Baths  and    bathing ; 

Diving. 
Refer  from  Baths  and  bathing;    Diving; 

Sports ;  Water. 
Swine.     See  Hog. 
Sword.     See  also  Fencing. 
Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;   Fencing; 

Military  art  and  science ;  Weapons. 
Symbolics.    See  Creeds. 
Symbolism.       See    also    Christian    art    and 

symbolism ;  Emblems. 
Refer  from  Arts,  fine ;   Emblems ;  Relig- 
ion. 

Symbolism  (in  theology).     See  Creeds. 
Symphonies. 

Refer  from  Music. 
Symptoms.    See  Diagnosis. 
Synods.    See  Councils ;  also  names  of  places 

at  which  synods  were  held. 
Synonyms. 

Refer  from  Language ;  Words. 
Table,  the.    See  Carving;  Cookery;  Dining; 

Eating;  Food. 

Table-moving.    See  Spiritualism. 
Table-talk.    See  also  Anecdotes. 
Refer     from     Anecdotes ;       Aphorisms ; 
Apothegms;   Biography;  Conversation; 
Epigrams ;  Sayings  ;  Talking ;   Wit  and 
humor. 

Tableaux.    See  also  Amateur  theatricals. 
Refer  from  Amateur  theatricals  ;   Amuse- 
tnents ;  Drama. 


Tab-Tea]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Tables.     See  Interest;  Logarithms,^. 
Tachygraphy.     See  Shorthand. 
Tactics.      See  also  Artillery;    Cavalry;    In- 
fantry ;  Military  art  and  science ;  Naval 
tactics. 
Refer    from     Drill;     Military     art     and 

science. 

Talismans.     See  Amulets  ;  Charms. 
Talking.     See  Conversation ;  Table-talk. 
Talmud. 

Refer  from  Bible  ;  Jews. 
Tanning.     See  also  Leather. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Leather. 
Taouism. 

Refer  from  Religions. 
Tapestry. 

Refer  from  Arts,  fine  ;  Arts,  useful ;  Deco- 
ration and  ornament ;  Needlework ;  Tex- 
tile fabrics ;  Wall  decoration. 
Tariff.  See  also  Corn  laws ;  Economics ; 
England,  Finance ;  Exportation  ;  Rec- 
iprocity; Smuggling;  Taxation;  U.S., 
Finance. 

Refer  from  Commerce  ;  Customs  ;  Duties ; 
Economics ;  Exportation  ;  Finance  ;  Free 
trade  ;    Imports  ;   Protection  ;   Revenue ; 
Taxation ;  Trade. 
Taste.     See  Esthetics. 
Taste,  sense  of. 

Refer  from  Senses. 
Tattooing. 

Refer  from  Manners  and  customs. 
Taverns.     See  Hotels ;  Inns. 
Taxation.     See  also  Economics  ;    Finance  ; 

Income  tax ;  Tariff. 

Refer  from  Assessment ;  Economics  ;  Fi- 
nance ;  Income  tax ;  Internal  revenue ; 
Land ;  Personal  property ;  Political  sci- 
ence ;  Property ;  Real  property ;  Rev- 
enue; Tariff.  --  .~ 
Taxidermy. 

Refer  from  Birds ;  Natural  history  ;  Zool- 
ogy- 
^Tea. 

Refer  from    Beverages ;    Stimulants  and 
narcotics. 

/Teachers.     See    also    Education ;     Normal     i^,^,c^fC<^TO  i~      ^ 

schools. 

I        Refer  from  Biography ;  Education  ;  School- 
masters ;  Teaching. 

I     Teaching.     See  also  Child  study ;   Corporal 
y         punishment ;  Education  ;  Examinations ; 

175 


Tea-Ten]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Kindergarten ;  Memory  ;  Nature  study  ; 
Object-teaching ;  Teachers. 
Refer  from  Education ;  Pedagogics ;  Train- 

/    ing- 

^Technical  education.     See  also  Manual  train- 
ing-^-' 

Refer/from  Arts,  useful ;  Education ;   In- 
dustrial education  ;  Machinery ;   Manual 
draining ;  Polytechnic  schools. 
Technology.    See  Arts,  useful ;  Manufactures. 
Teeth. 

Refer  from  Anatomy  ;  Dentistry ;  Medicine, 

practice  of;  Mouth  ;  Odontology. 
Telegraph.     See  also  Electric  wires. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful;  Cables  ;  Electric 
engineering ;   Electric   telegraph ;    Elec- 
tricity; Signals. 
Telepathy.     See  Mind-reading. 
Telephone. 

Refer  from  Electricity ;  Sound. 
Telescope. 

Refer   from    Astronomical     instruments ; 
Astronomy  ;  Light ;  Optical  instruments. 
Temperament.     See  also  Nervous  system. 
Refer  from  Character;  Nervous  system. 
Temperance.     See  also  Alcohol;  Beer;  Bev- 
erages ;  Distillation  ;  Drinking  customs ; 
Liquors ;   Opium ;    Stimulants  and   nar- 
cotics ;  Tobacco ;  Wine. 
^.efer  from    Abstinence  ;   Alcohol ;    Bev- 
erages ;    Drinking     customs ;    Drunken- 
ness ;    Ethics ;     Food ;     Hygiene ;     In- 
ebriates ;    Intemperance ;     Intoxication ; 
License  system  ;    Liquors  ;    Prohibition  ; 
Sociology ;  Spirituous  liquors  ;  Stimulants 
and  narcotics ;  Total  abstinence  ;  Wine. 
Temperature.     See  also    Animal   heat ;   Cli- 
mate ;  Cold ;  Heat. 

Refer  from  Climate  ;  Heat ;  Meteorology. 

Templars.     See  also  Chivalry ;  Freemasonry. 

Refer  from  Chivalry  ;    Knights  templars  ; 

Secret  societies. 
Temples. 
Refer  from   Archaeology ;    Architecture  ; 

Church  architecture ;  Religious  art. 
Temporal  power.     See  Popes. 
Temptation.     See  also  Evil ;    Fall   of  man ; 

Jesus  Christ;  Sin. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;  Evil ;  Sin  ;  Theology. 
Ten  commandments.     See  Commandments, 

ten. 

Ten  tribes  of  Israel.     See  Jews. 
Tenant.     See  Landlord  and  tenant. 

176 

\  \ 


Ten-The]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Tenement-houses.     See    also     Architecture, 

domestic ;    Poor. 

Refer  from  Architecture,  domestic ;  Poor. 
Tennis. 

Refer  from  Games ;  Lawn-tennis. 
Tents.     See  also  Camping. 
Refer  from   Camping ;    Military  art    and 

science. 

Tenure  of  land.     See  Land. 
Terra-cotta.     See  also  Pottery. 
Refer  from  Building  materials  ;  Decoration 

and  ornament ;  Pottery. 
Testimony.     See  Evidence. 
Testing.     See    Strength    of  materials ;    also 
object  tested,  such  as  Electric  testing, 
etc. 

Tetanus.     See  Lockjaw. 
Text-books.     See  also  Primers  ;  Readers  and 

speakers ;  Spellers. 
Refer  from  Books  and  reading ;  Education  ; 

School-books.  y 

Textile  fabrics.  See  also  Bleaching;  Calico- 
printing  ;  Carpets  ;  Clothing  ;  Cotton  ; 
Dry  goods  ;  Dyeing  ;  Embroidery ;  Fi- 
bres ;  Flax ;  Hosiery  ;  Linen ;  Silk  ;  Spin- 
ning ;  Tapestry ;  Weaving ;  Wool ; 
l  Worsted ;  Yarn. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Cloth  ;  Clothing ; 
Cotton  ;    Dry    goods  ;     Fibres  ;    Linen ; 
Manufactures  ;    Weaving ;   Wool ;  Wor- 
sted ;  Yarn. 
Thanksgiving  day. 

Refer  from  Fasts  and  feasts  ;  Holidays. 
*^ Theatre.     See    also    Acting;    Actors;    Act- 
resses;    Amateur     theatricals;    Ballet; 
Drama ;  Masks  ;  Miracle-plays";  Opera  ; 
Pantomime. 

Refer  from    Acting ;    Actors ;   Actresses ; 
Amusements  ;     Architecture  ;     Drama ; 
Ethics ;  Histrionics  ;   Stage. 
Theism.     See    also    Atheism;    Christianity; 

Deism  ;  God  ;  Theojogy. 
Refer  from  Atheism ;  Deism ;  God  ;  Phi- 
losophy ;  Religion ;  Theology. 
Theodicy.     See  God. 
Theological   education.     See  also   Religious 

education ;  Theological  schools. 
Refer  from  Education ;    Religious   educa- 
tion ;  Theology. 
Theological  schools. 

Refer  from  Divinity  schools  ;  Theological 

education. 
Theology.      [Including    the    Christian   doc- 

177 


r 


The-The]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

trines.  For  comparative  theology  and 
history  of  religion  see  Religion.  For 
Christian  evidences  see  Christianity.] 
See  also  Agnosticism  ;  Angels  ;  Anni- 
hilation ;  Antichrist ;  Antinomianism ; 
Apostles  ;  Apostolic  constitutions  ;  Apos- 
tolic succession ;  Arminianism  ;  Asceti- 
cism ;  Atheism  ;  Atonement ;  Baptism  ; 
Belief;  Bible;  Calvinism;  Catechisms; 
Celibacy  ;  Certainty ;  Christian  ;  Christ- 
ian union ;  Christianity ;  Church  ;  Church 
history  ;  Church  polity  ;  Clergy  ;  Confes- 
sion ;  Confirmation ;  Conscience  ;  Con- 
version ;  Creation  ;  Creeds  ;  Cross ; 
Death  ;  Deism  ;  Depravity ;  Devil ;  Ethics  ; 
Evil ;  Faith  ;  Fall  of  man ;  Fanaticism  ; 
Fasting ;  Fathers  of  the  church ;  Free  . 
religion ;  Future  life ;  Future  punish- 
ment ;  God ;  Heaven ;  Hell ;  Heresy ; 
Holy  spirit ;  Infallibility ;  Jesus  Christ ; 
Judgment,  day  of;  Justification;  Lib- 
erty of  conscience  ;  Liberty  of  the  will ; 
Lord's  prayer ;  Lord's  supper ;  Love ; 
Mass  ;  Materialism  ;  Millennium ;  Mira- 
cles ;  Missions ;  Monotheism  ;  Mysticism  ; 
Natural  religion  ;  Orthodoxy ;  Panthe- 
ism ;  Penance  ;  Philosophy ;  Plurality  of 
worlds  ;  Prayer ;  Predestination  ;  Private 
judgment ;  Prophecies  ;  Protestantism  ; 
Purgatory  ;  Rationalism  ;  Regeneration  ; 
Religion ;  Religion  and  science ;  Re- 
pentance ;  Resurrection  ;  Revelation ; 
Revivals  ;  Sacraments  ;  Sacrifice  ;  Salva- 
tion ;  Second  advent ;  Sects  ;  Sermons  ; 
Sin ;  Skepticism  ;  Socinianism  ;  Soul ; 
Spiritualism  ;  Sunday ;  Temptation ;  The- 
ism ;  Theological  education;  Transcen- 
dentalism ;  Transubstantiation  ;  Trinity ; 
Worship. 

Refer  from  Bible;  Christian  doctrine; 
Christianity ;  Church  history ;  Divinity ; 
Doctrines  ;  Dogmatic  theology ;  Faith  ; 
God ;  Natural  religion ;  Philosophy ; 
Revelation ;  Science  ;  Sociology ;  Super- 
natural ;  Theism. 

Theosophy. 

Refer  from  Buddhism,  esoteric;  Esoteric 
Buddhism  ;  Occult  sciences  ;  Religion  ; 
Religions ;  Superstition. 

Therapeutics.  See  also  Anesthetics  ;  Animal 
magnetism ;  Antiseptics ;  Baths  and 
bathing;  Bloodletting;  Christian  sci- 
ence ;  Cupping ;  Diet ;  Drugs ;  Exercise ; 

178 


The-Tit]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Faith-cure  ;  Hydropathy ;  Inoculation ; 
Massage  ;  Materia  medica  ;  Medical 
electricity ;  Medicine  ;  Nurses  and  nurs- 
ing ;  Pathology ;  Pharmacy ;  Poisons ; 
Purgatives ;  Rest ;  Stimulants  and  nar- 
cotics. 

Refer  from    Hygiene ;     Materia    medica ; 
Medicine;  Medicine,  practice  of;  Reme- 
dies (in  medicine). 
Thermodynamics.     See  Heat. 
Thermometer. 

Refer  from  Heat ;  Meteorology ;  Physics. 
Thieves.     See  Robbers. 

Thinking.      See    Logic ;     Philosophy ;    Psy- 
chology. 

Thirty-nine  articles.    See  Church  of  England. 
Thirty  years'  war,    1618-48.     See  also  Ger- 
many, History. 

Refer  from  Germany,  History,  Reformation. 
Thorough-bass.     See  Harmony. 
Thought.      See    Logic  ;    Philosophy  ;    Psy- 
chology. 

Thought-transference.     See  Mind-reading. 
Throat.      See    also    Breathing;    Bronchitis; 

Sore  throat ;  Voice. 

Refer  from  Anatomy  ;   Breathing ;    Bron- 
chitis ;  Voice. 

Thunder-storms.  See  also  Lightning;  Storms. 
Refer    from     Lightning  ;     Meteorology  ; 

Storms. 
rTides.     See  also  Ocean. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;    Moon  ;    Ocean ; 

Physical  geography. 
Tiles.     See  also  Bricks  ;  Pottery. 

Refer  from  Bricks ;  Pottery. 
Timber.      See    also    Forestry ;    Lumbering ; 

Strength  of  materials ;  Trees;  Wood. 
Refer  from  Building  materials  ;  Forestry ; 

Lumbering ;  Trees  ;  Wood. 
Time.      See    also    Almanacs;     Astronomy; 
Calendar ;  Chronology ;  Days ;  Eternity ; 
Timekeepers. 
Refer   from     Astronomy  ;     Chronology  ; 

Philosophy. 
Timekeepers.     See  also  Clocks  and  watches ; 

Pendulums ;  Sun-dials. 
Refer  from     Arts,     useful ;    Clocks    and 
watches  ;  Horology ;  Machinery  ;  Manu- 
factures ;  Time. 
Tissues.     See  Histology. 
Tithes.    See  also  Church  rates. 

Refer  from  Church  law ;  Church  of  Eng- 
land ;  Church  polity  ;  Church  rates. 

179 


t 

Tit-Tot]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Titles.     See  also  Conveyancing;  Real  prop- 
erty ;  Sale. 
Refer  from  Land ;   Law ;  Property ;  Real 

property ;  Sale. 
Toadstools.     See  Mushrooms. 
Toasts. 
Refer  from   Dining ;    Drinking   customs ; 

Epigrams  ;  Manners  and  customs. 
Tobacco. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Smoking ;  Stim- 
ulants and  narcotics ;  Temperance. 
Toilet.     See  also  Baths   and   bathing;  Cos- 
metics ;  Costume ;  Perfumery. 
Refer  from  Cosmetics  ;  Costume. 
Toleration.     See  Liberty  of  conscience ;  Re- 
ligious liberty. 

Tombs.     See    also    Brasses ;    Burial ;    Cata- 
combs ;  Cemeteries  ;    Crypts  ;  Epitaphs  ; 
Mounds ;  Tombstones. 
Refer  from    Archaeology ;    Architecture ; 
Burial ;  Cemeteries  ;  Crypts  ;  Monuments  ; 
Sepulchres ;  Vaults.- 
Tombstones.     See  also  Epitaphs. 

Refer  from  Monuments ;  Tombs. 
Tools.     See    also    Agricultural    tools ;    Car- 
pentry ;  Machinery. 

Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;    Carpentry  ;    In- 
struments ;  Machinery. 

Topographical  drawing.     See  also  Map  draw- 
ing. 

Refer  from  Drawing ;  Map  drawing ;  Sur- 
veying ;  Topography. 
Topography.     See    Geography ;    Surveying ; 

Topographical  drawing. 
Tories,     American.      See    American    loyal- 
ists. 

Tories,    English.     See    also  England,    His- 
tory; England,  Politics. 
Refer  from  Parties,  political. 
Tornadoes.    See  Storms. 
Torpedoes. 

Refer  from  Explosives ;   Military   art  and 
science ;  Naval  art  and  science ;  Subma- 
rine warfare. 
Torts. 

Refer  from  Law ;  Wrongs. 
Torture.     See  also  Inquisition ;  Punishment. 

Refer  from  Punishment. 
Total  abstinence.     See  Temperance. 
Total  depravity.    See  Depravity  ;  Sin. 
Totems. 

Refer  from  Indians  of  N.  A. ;  Mythology; 
Religion ;  Superstition  ;  Worship. 

180 


Tou-Tra] 


LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 


Touch. 

Refer  from  Feeling ;  Senses. 
Tournaments.     See  also  Chivalry. 

Refer  from  Chivalry  ;  Fighting ;  Sports. 
Towers.     See  also  Spires. 

Refer  from   Architecture ;   Church   archi- 
tecture ;  Spires. 
Town-meeting.     See  also  Local  government ; 

Towns. 
Refer  from  Democracy ;  Political  science  ; 

Towns. 
Town  officers.     See  also  Police. 

Refer  from  Political  science  ;  Towns. 
Towns.     See  also   Boroughs ;   Cities ;    Local 
government ;     Municipal     government ; 
Town-meeting ;     Town     officers ;     Vil- 
lages. 

Refer  from  Boroughs  ;  Cities  ;  Local  gov- 
ernment ;  Municipal  corporations  ;  Politi- 
cal science ;  Town-meeting ;  Villages. 
Toxicology.     See  Poisons. 
Toys.     See  also  Dolls. 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Games. 
Tract  societies.     See  also  Tracts. 

Refer  from  Missions ;  Societies ;  Tracts. 
Tractarianism.     See  Oxford  movement. 
Tracts.     See  also  Tract  societies. 

Refer  from  Literature  ;  Tract  societies. 
Trade.     See  Business  ;  Commerce  ;  Tariff. 
Trade-marks.     See  also  Patents. 
Refer  from  Commerce ;  Law ;    Manufact- 
ures ;  Patents. 
'Trade-unions.     See  also  Cooperation ;  Gilds  ; 

Labor ;  Strikes  and  lockouts. 
Refer  from  Associations  ;  Commerce  ;  Co- 
operation ;   Economics ;    Gilds ;    Labor ; 
Societies  ;  Strikes  and  lockouts  ;  Wages. 
Traditions.     See  Folk-lore ;  Legends. 
VTragedy.     See  Drama. 
Training.     See   also   Animals,  training    of; 
^Education ;  Gymnastics ;  Physical  educa- 
tion ;  Teaching. 
Refer  from  Exercise ;   Hygiene ;  Physical 

education;  Sports. 
Tramps. 

Refer  from    Crime ;     Poor ;    Vagabonds  ; 

Vagrancy. 

Tramways.    See  Street-railroads. 
V Transcendentalism. 

Refer   from     Philosophy ;     Rationalism ; 

Theology. 

Transformers.     See  Electric  transformers. 
Transit.     See  Transportation. 


181 


Tra-Tri]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Transits.     See  also  name  of  planet. 
Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Planets. 
Translation. 

Refer  from  Language  ;  Rhetoric. 
Transmigration.       See     also     Preexistence ; 

Soul. 
Refer  from  Future  life  ;  Metempsychosis ; 

Preexistence  ;  Reincarnation ;  Soul. 
Transmutation  of  metals.     See  Alchemy. 
Transportation.     See  also  Canals  ;  Carriages  ; 
Commerce  ;  Ferries  ;  Inland  navigation ; 
Railroads ;    Roads  ;    Steam   navigation  ; 
Vehicles. 
Refer    from     Commerce ;       Locomotion ; 

Transit ;  Vehicles. 
Transportation  (of  criminals) . 

Refer  from  Exportation  ;  Punishment. 
Transubstantiation.     See  also  Lord's  supper ; 

Mass. 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Jesus  Christ ; 
Lord's  supper ;    Mass ;    Real   presence ; 
Theology. 
Trapping.     See  also  Hunting. 

Refer  from  Hunting ;  Sports. 
Travel.       [Put   here    books    on    the   art   of 
travel.]     See  also  Pilgrimage ;    Voyages 
and  travels. 
Refer  from    Locomotion ;    Voyages    and 

travels. 
Travelers.     See  also  Commercial   travelers; 

Explorers  ;  Voyages  and  travels. 
Refer  from  Biography ;  Explorers. 
Travels.     See  Voyages  and  travels. 
Treason. 

Refer  from  Criminal  law ;  Law  ;  Murder. 
Treaties.     See  also  Diplomacy ;  International 
law;  also  names  of  countries,  places  at 
which  treaties  were  made,  etc. 
Refer  from  Diplomacy  ;  History ;  Interna- 
tional law ;  Ministers  (of  state)  ;  Politi- 
cal science. 
Tree-worship. 

/  Refer  from  Trees ;  Worship. 
Trees.     See  also  Arbor-day;  Bark;  Botany; 
Evergreens  ;  Forestry ;  Fruit ;  Grafting ; 
Landscape  gardening ;  Lumbering ;  Prun- 
ing; Timber;  Tree-worship. 
Refer  from  Agriculture ;    Botany ;    Ever- 
greens ;     Forestry ;     Shrubs ;     Timber ; 
Wood. 
Trespass. 

Refer  from  Law  ;  Property. 
Trial  by  combat.     See  Wager  of  battle. 

182 


Tri-Tun]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Trial  by  jury.     See  Jury. 
Trials.     [See   the   Boston   Athenaeum  cata- 
logue for  a  subdivision  of  Trials  by  sub- 
ject.]    See  also  Actions  at  law ;    Evi- 
dence ;  Jury ;  Pleading ;  Witnesses. 
Refer  from  Actions  at  law ;  Crime  ;  Crimi- 
nal law ;  Jury ;  Law  ;  Murder ;  Pleading. 
Tricycling.     See  Cycling. 
Trigonometry.     See  also   Geodesy ;    Geome- 
try ;  Logarithms  ;  Mathematics  ;  Mensu- 
ration ;  Navigation ;  Surveying. 
Refer  from  Geometry  ;  Logarithms ;  Math- 
ematics ;  Surveying. 

Trinity.       See    also    Arianism ;    Athanasian 
creed  ;  God  ;  Holy  spirit ;  Jesus  Christ ; 
Socinianism ;  Unitarianism. 
Refer  from  Arianism  ;  God ;  Holy  spirit ; 
Jesus  Christ ;  Philosophy ;  Socinianism  ; 
Theology ;  Unitarianism. 
Triumphal  arches.     See  Arches  of  triumph. 
Tropics. 
Refer  from   Earth  ;    Geography  ;  Physical 

geography. 

Trotting.     See  Horse  ;  Horse-racing. 
Troubadours.     See  also  Proven9al  literature. 
Refer  from    Bards  ;     Minstrels ;    Poetry ; 

Poets. 
Trouveres. 

Refer  from    Bards  ;     Minstrels  ;    Poetry ; 

Poets. 
Trusses.     See  also  Bridges ;  Girders  ;  Roofs ; 

Strength  of  materials. 

Refer  from   Architecture  ;  Bridges  ;  Gird- 
ers ;  Roofs  ;  Strength  of  materials. 
Trustees. 

Refer  from  Law./  X^ 

/Trusts.     See  also  Capital ;  Monopolies. 

Refer  from  Capital ;  Commerce  ;  Commer- 
cial    law  ;     Corporations  ;     Economics ; 
Monopolies. 
Truth.     See  also  Axioms;  Belief;  Certainty; 

Lying. 
Refer  from    Belief;    Certainty;     Ethics; 

Faith  ;  Lying ;  Philosophy. 
Tuberculosis.     See  Consumption. 
Tumors.     See  also  Cancer. 

Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of. 
Tumuli.     See  Mounds. 
Tuning. 

Refer  from  Musical  instruments. 
Tunnels.     See  also  Blasting  ;  Subways. 
Refer  from  Engineering  ;  Mines  and  min- 
ing ;  Railroads ;  Subways. 

183 


Tur-Uni]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Turbines.    See  also  Water-wheels. 

Refer  from   Hydraulic  engineering ;   Wa- 
ter-wheels ;  Wheels. 
Turning.     See  also  Woodwork. 
Refer  from  Arts,  useful;    Cabinet  work; 
Carpentry ;  Carving  (wood,  etc.)  ;  Lathe ; 
Machinery ;  Woodwork. 
Twins. 

Refer  from  Children. 
Type.     See  Printing. 
Typewriting. 

Refer  from  Writing. 
Typhoid  fever.     See  also  Typhus  fever. 
Refer   from    Contagion ;     Enteric    fever ; 

Fever ;  Typhus  fever. 
Typhus  fever.     See  also  Typhoid  fever. 
Refer  from   Fever ;    Ship-fever ;    Typhoid 

fever. 

Typography.     See  Printing. 
Tyranny.     See  also  Despotism. 

Refer  from  Despotism  ;  Monarchy ;  Politi- 
cal science. 
Ulcers.     See  also  Suppuration. 

Refer  from  Suppuration. 
Ultramontanism.     See  also  Catholic  church; 

Popes ;  Vatican  council. 
Refer  from  Catholic  church. 
Umbrella. 

Refer  from  Costume. 
Unbelief.     See  Skepticism.  • 
Understanding.     See  Intellect ;  Psychology. 
Unitarianism.     See  also  Arianism  ;   Free  re- 
ligion ;  Jesus  Christ ;  Socinianism ;  Trin- 
ity. 

Refer  from  Arianism ;  Congregational- 
ism ;  Jesus  Christ ;  Sects  ;  Socinianism ; 
Trinity. 

United  brethren.     See  Moravians. 
Units.       See    also    Electric     measurement; 

Weights  and  measures. 
Refer  from  Physics ;  Standards  ;  Weights 

and  measures. 
Universalism.     See  also  Future  life ;  Future 

punishment. 
Refer   from    Congregationalism ;     Future 

punishment ;  Salvation ;  Sects. 
Universe.     See  also  Astronomy ;    Creation ; 

Earth  ;  Plurality  of  worlds. 
Refer  from  Astronomy  ;  Cosmogony ;  Cos- 
mography ;  Cosmology  ;  Creation  ;    Phi- 
losophy ;  World.  , 
Universities.     See  Colleges  and  universities. 

184 


Uni-Vat]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

University  extension. 

Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities  ;  Edu- 
cation. 

University  settlements.      See  Social   settle- 
ments. 

Upholstery.   See  also  Furniture ;  House  deco- 
ration. 
Refer  from  Arts,  useful ;  Furniture  ;  House 

decoration. 
Urns.     See  also  Vases. 

Refer  from  Burial ;  Pottery  ;  Vases. 
Usages.     See  Etiquette ;    Manners   and   cus- 
toms. 

Useful    arts.     See    Arts,   useful ;    Manufact- 
ures. 

Usury.     See  Interest. 
Utilitarianism. 

Refer  from  Ethics  ;  Philosophy. 
Utopia. 
Refer  from  Political  science ;   Socialism ; 

Sociology. 
Vacations.     See  also  Holidays. 

Refer  from  Holidays ;  Hygiene. 
Vaccination.    .5><?<z&0 Inoculation  ;  Smallpox; 

Varioloid. 

Refer  from  Inoculation  ;  Medicine  ;  Small- 
pox; Varioloid. 

Vagabonds.     See  Robbers ;  Tramps. 
Vagrancy.     See  Poor  ;  Poor  laws  ;  Tramps. 
Valdenses.     See  Waldenses. 
Valleys.     See  also  Erosion  ;  Rivers. 
Refer  from  Erosion ;  Physical  geography ; 

Rivers. 
Value.     See  also  Cost ;  Money ;  Prices. 

Refer  from  Cost ;  Economics  ;  Prices. 
Vapor.     See  Evaporation ;  Gases  ;  Steam. 
Variation  of  species.   See  Evolution  ;  Species. 
Variation  of  the  compass.    See  Compass. 
Variola.     See  Smallpox. 
Varioloid.     See  also  Smallpox ;  Vaccination. 
Refer  from  Medicine,  practice  of;  Small- 
pox; Vaccination. 
V^Varnishing.     See  also  Japanning;    Lacquer;          /"tt^COU^v^  Cx««Uci*^> 

Painting,  mechanical. 
Refer  from  Japanning ;  Painting,  mechan- 
ical. 

Vases.    See  also  Pottery ;  Urns. 
Refer  from    Amphorae ;    Decoration    and 

ornament ;  Pottery  ;  Urns. 
Vassals.     See  Feudalism. 
Vatican.     See  also  Catholic  church  ;  Popes ; 
Rome. 

185 


Vat-Vil]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Vatican  council.     See  also  Immaculate  con- 
ception;  Infallibility;  Popes. 
Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Infallibility ; 

Popes ;  Ultramontanism. 
Vaudois.     See  Waldenses. 
Vaulting.     See  also  Arches ;  Domes. 

Refer  from   Arches ;    Architecture ;    Ma- 
sonry; Roofs. 
Vaults.     See  Tombs. 

"^vegetables.   See  also  Botany ;  Cookery  ;  Gar- 
dening. 
Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Botany ;    Food ; 

Gardening ;  Market  gardening. 
Vegetarianism.     See  also  Animal  food. 

Refer  from  Animal  food ;  Diet;  Food. 
Vehicles.     See  also  Ambulances  ;  Carriages ; 
Cars  ;  Chariots  ;  Coaching ;  Transporta- 
tion ;  Wagons ;  Wheels. 
Refer  from  Transportation  ;  Wagons. 
Veins.     See  also  Arteries. 

Refer  from  Anatomy  ;  Arteries  ;  Blood. 
Velocipedes.     See  Cycling. 
Vendors.     See  Sale. 
Venesection.     See  Bloodletting. 
Ventilation.     See  also  Chimneys  ;  Heating. 
Refer  from  Air ;  Architecture  ;  Chimneys; 
Domestic  economy  ;  Heating ;  Hygiene  ; 
Mines  and  mining ;  Sanitary  engineering. 
Ventriloquism. 

Refer  from  Amusements  ;  Elocution ;  Voice. 
Versification.      See    also    Metre ;     Poetry ; 

Prosody;  Rhyme. 
Refer  from  Authorship ;    Metre  ;  Poetry ; 

Prosody. 
Vertebrates.      See   also    Batrachia  ;    Birds ; 

Fish  ;  Mammals ;  Reptiles  ;  Zoology. 
Refer  from  Mammals  ;  Zoology. 
Vessels.      See   Navigation  ;    Ship-building  ; 

Ships. 

Vestments.     See  Church  vestments. 
Veterinary  medicine.    See  also  Cattle ;  Do- 
mestic animals ;  Horse. 
Refer  from    Cattle ;    Domestic    animals ; 

Horse ;  Medicine. 
Veto. 

Refer  from  Political  science ;  Presidents . 
Viaducts.     See  Bridges. 
Vice.     See  Crime ;  Ethics. . 
Vikings.     See  Northmen". 
Village  communities.     See  also  Local  gov- 
ernment. 

Refer  from  Local  government ;    Political 
science. 

186 


Vil-Voy]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Villages.    See  also  Towns. 
Refer  from  Local  government ;    Political 

science ;  Towns. 

Villas.   See  Architecture,  domestic  ;  Cottages. 
Vine.     See  Grape  ;  Wine. 
Vines.     See    Climbing    plants ;    Gardening ; 

Grape. 
Violin. 

Refer  from  Fiddle  ;  Musical  instruments. 
Virgin  Mary.     See  Mary,  virgin. 
Virtue.     See  also  Chastity ;  Ethics. 

Refer  from  Ethics. 
Viscera.      See    also    Abdomen ;    Intestines ; 

Kidneys ;  Liver. 
Refer  from  Abdomen. 
Vision.     See  Color  sense  ;  Eye  ;  Sight. 
Visions.      See  Apparitions ;    Dreams ;    Illu- 
sions. 
Vital  statistics.     See  also  Census  ;  Mortality ; 

Population. 

Refer  from  Death  rate  ;  Longevity ;  Man  ; 
.  y      Statistics. 
^Vivisection. 

Refer  from  Anatomy ;  Animals,  treatment 

of;  Dissection;  Ethics;  Pain. 
Vocal  culture.     See  Voice. 
Vocal   music.      See  Church   music ;    Music ; 

Songs ;  Voice. 
Vocal  organs.     See  Voice. 
Vocalists.     See  Singers. 
Voice.     See  also  Elocution ;  Music  ;  Oratory ; 
Singing ;   Sound  ;  Speech  ;  Stammering ; 
Throat;  Ventriloquism. 
Refer  from   Breathing ;    Elocution  ;    Hy- 
giene ;    Medicine,   practice  of;    Music; 
Musical    education ;    Oratory ;    Physiol- 
ogy ;  Singing ;    Songs  ;    Sound ;    Speak- 
ing;  Speech  ;    Throat;    Vocal  culture; 
Vocal  music ;  Vocal  organs. 
Volcanoes.     See  also  Earthquakes. 

Refer  from  Earth  ;  Earthquakes  ;  Geology  ; 
Mountains  ;  Physical  geography  ;  Seis- 
mology. 

Voltaic  cell.     See  Cell,  voltaic. 
Voltaic  electricity.     See  Electricity. 
Voting.     See  Ballot  ;  Election  ;  Representa- 
tion ;  Suffrage. 

Voussoir  arches.     See  Arches. 
Voyages    and    travels.     See   also  Antarctic 
regions  ;  Arctic  regions  ;  Discoveries  (in 
geography)  ;     Explorers ;     Geography ; 
Travel ;  Voyages  around  the  world. 
Refer  from  Adventure ;   Discoveries    (in 

187 


Voy-Wat]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

geography)  ;     Explorers ;     Geography  ; 
Journeys  ;   Navigation ;    Ocean  ;  Travel ; 
Travelers ;  Travels. 
Voyages  around  the  world. 
Refer  from    Circumnavigation ;    Voyages 

and  travels. 
Wager  of  battle. 

Refer,  from  Battle,  wager  of;  Combat, 
trial  by  ;  Dueling ;  Law ;  Trial  by  com- 
bat. 

Wagers.     See  Betting. 
Wages.      See    also    Labor ;     Profit-sharing ; 

Trade-unions. 
Refer  from    Compensation ;    Economics ; 

Labor ;  Prices. 
Wagons.     See  also  Carriages  ;  Vehicles. 

Refer  from  Vehicles. 

Waldenses.      See  also  Albigenses ;    Hugue- 
nots. 

Refer  from  Albigenses ;    Church   history ; 
Huguenots ;    Reformation ;    Sects  ;   Val- 
denses ;  Vaudois. 
Walking.     See  also  Running. 

Refer  from  Animal  locomotion ;  Locomo- 
tion ;    Pedestrianism ;    Physical     educa- 
tion ;  Running ;  Sports. 
Wall  decoration.     See  also  Frescoes  ;  House 
painting ;       Mosaics ;       Paper-hanging ; 
Plastering ;  Tapestry. 
Refer  from    Decoration    and    ornament ; 
Frescoes  ;  House  decoration  ;  Mural  dec- 
oration ;  Painting;  Walls. 
Walls.     See    also    Foundations;    Masonry; 

Wall  decoration. 

Refer  from    Architecture ;    Engineering ; 
/    Foundations ;  Masonry. 
War.     See  Battles  ;   International  law  ;  Mar- 
tial law ;  Military  art  and  science ;  Naval 
art  and  science  ;  Peace. 
War  poetry. 

Refer  from  Poetry. 
Wards.     See  Guardians. 
Warming.     See  Heating. 
Warnings.     See  Omens. 
Washing.     See  Laundry. 
Watches.     See  Clocks  and  watches. 
Water.     See    also  Baths  and  bathing ;  Dew ; 
Erosion;  Fog;  Frost;   Glaciers;   Hail; 
Heating ;    Hydraulic    engineering ;  Ice ; 
Lakes;    Meteorology;   Ocean;   Physical 
geography ;  Ponds  ;  Rain  ;  Rivers  ;  Snow  ; 
Springs;    Steam;    Swimming;    Water- 

188 


Wat-Wei]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

supply ;        Waterfalls  ;        Waterspouts ; 
Waves. 

Refer   from    Beverages ;     Hydraulic     en- 
gineering ;  Ice  ;  Ocean  ;  Physical  geogra- 
phy ;  Physics  ;  Snow  ;  Water-supply. 
Water-color  painting.     See  also  Painting. 

Refer  from  Painting. 
Water-cure.     See  Hydropathy. 
Water-power.     See  Hydraulic  engineering. 
Water-supply.     See  also  Aqueducts ;    Arte- 
sian   wells ;     Canals ;    Fountains ;    Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Irrigation;  Plumb- 
ing; Pumps;  Reservoirs;  Water;  Wells. 
Refer  from   Engineering ;    Hydraulic  en- 
gineering ;     Reservoirs ;     Sanitary     en- 
gineering; Water;  Waterworks. 
Water-wheels.     See  also  Turbines. 

Refer  from   Hydraulic    engineering ;    Ma- 
chinery; Motors;  Turbines;  Wheels. 
Waterfalls. 
Refer  from    Cataracts ;     Falls ;    Physical 

geography ;  Water. 
Waterspouts. 

Refer  from   Meteorology ;  Physical  geog- 
raphy ;  Water. 

Waterworks.     See  Water-supply. 
Waves.     See  also  Electric  waves. 

Refer  from   Ocean ;  Physical  geography ; 

Water. 
Wax. 

Refer  from  Bees. 
Wax  flowers. 

Refer  from  Artificial  flowers  ;  Flowers. 
Wealth.      See    also    Banks     and     banking; 
Business  ;  Capital ;  Economics  ;  Finance  ; 
Labor  ;  Luxury  ;  Money  ;  Success. 
Refer  from  Economics  ;  Finance ;  Luxury ; 

Money ;  Property  ;  Riches. 
Weapons.     See  Arms  and  armor ;  Firearms  ; 

Sword. 
^Weather.      See  also  Climate  ;  Meteorology ; 

Storms ;  Winds. 

Refer  from  Climate  ;  Meteorology. 
^Weaving.     See  also  Carp&ts  ;  Lace  ;  Textile 

fabrics. 

Refer  from  Arts,   useful ;   Carpets ;    Cot- 
ton ;  Textile  fabrics. 
Weddings.    See  Marriage. 
Weeds. 

Refer  from  Agricultural    pests  ;    Botany ; 

Gardening. 

Weights  and  measures.     See  also  Arithme- 
tic ;  Decimal  system ;  Electric  measure- 

189 


Wei-Win]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

ment ;  Gaging  ;  Gravitation ;  Mensura- 
tion ;  Metric  system  ;  Specific  gravity ; 
Units. 

Refer  from  Cambistry  ;  Decimal  system  ; 
Gravitation  ;     Measures' ;     Mensuration ; 
Metric    system  ;     Metrology  ;    Science  ; 
Specific  gravity  ;  Standards ;  Units. 
Wells.     See  also  Artesian  wells  ;  Boring. 
Refer  from  Artesian  wells  ;    Engineering ; 

Hydraulic  engineering ;  Water-supply. 
Werwolves.  .1. 

Refer  from  Lycanthropy  ;  Superstition.      1   ' 
Wesleyans.     See  Methodist  episcopal  church. 
Wharves.     See  also  Docks. 

Refer  from  Docks  ;  Harbors. 
Wheat.     See  also  Flour  ;  Grain. 

Refer  from  Agriculture  ;  Grain. 
Wheeling.     See  Cycling. 
Wheels.      See  also    Carriages ;    Machinery ; 

Turbines ;  Water-wheels. 
Refer  from  Carriages  ;  Machinery  ;  Vehi- 
cles. 
Whigs.     See  also  England,  Politics]   U.  S., 

Politics. 

Refer  from  Parties. 

Whipping.     See  Corporal  punishment ;  Flog- 
ging. 

Whirlwinds.     See  Storms. 
Whist. 

Refer  from  Cards  ;  Games. 
Widows.    'See  also  Wives. 

Refer  from  Family  ;  Wives  ;  Woman. 
Wife.     See  Wives. 
Will.      See   also    Ethics ;     Liberty  of    the 

will;  Psychology. 
Refer  from  Ethics  ;    Liberty  of  the   will ; 

Philosophy ;  Psychology. 
Wills.     See  also  Administrators  and  execu- 
tors ;  Guardians  ;  Inheritance  ;  Legacies. 
Refer  from    Administrators    and    execu- 
tors ;  Inheritance  ;  Law ;  Probate  ;  Prop- 
erty ;  Surrogate  law. 
Wind.     See  Winds. 
Windmills. 

Refer  from  Machinery;  Motors. 
Window-gardening.     See  also  Floriculture. 
Refer  from  Floriculture  ;   Flowers  ;    Gar- 
dening ;  Windows. 
Windows.    See  also  Glass ;  Glass-painting ; 

Window-gardening. 
Refer  from  Architecture 

190 


Win-Worn]  LIST   OF    SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

Winds.     See  also  Meteorology  ;  Storms. 
Refer     from      Currents ;      Meteorology ; 

Storms  ;  Weather  ;  Wind. 
Wine.     See  also  Alcohol ;  Grape  ;  Liquors  ;    ' 

Temperance. 

Refer  from    Grape ;     Liquors ;    Temper- 
ance ;  Vine. 
Wings.     See  also  Flight. 

Refer  from  Animal    locomotion ;    Birds  ; 

Flight ;  Zoology. 
Winter. 

Refer  from  Seasons. 
Wire.     See  also  Cables  ;  Electric  wires. 

Refer  from  Cables  ;  Metals  ;  Rope. 
Wit  and  humor.      See  also  Anecdotes  ;  Cari- 
cature ;    Epigrams  ;    Fools  ;     Laughter ; 
Parody; -Satire;  Table-talk. 
Refer   from     Caricature ;     Comic     litera- 
ture ;   Facetiae  ;    Humor ;   Jests  ;   Jokes  ; 
Laughter;    Literature;    Poetry;    Satire. 
Witchcraft.      See    also    Charms ;    Demonol- 

ogy ;  Occult  sciences ;  Superstition. 
Refer  from  Black  art ;  Charms ;   Church 
history ;  Conjuring ;  Delusions  ;  Demon- 
ology ;  Exorcism  ;  Magic ;  Necromancy ; 
Occult  sciences  ;  Persecution ;  Sorcery ; 
Spirits ;  Superstition . 
Witnesses.    See  also  Evidence. 

Refer  from  Law ;  Trials. 
Wives.     See  also  Family ;  Husbands ;  Mar- 
riage ;  Mothers  ;  Widows  ;  Woman. 
Refer  from     Family ;      Husbands ;    Mar- 
riage ;  Widows  ;  Wife  ;  Woman. 
//Woman.       See    also    Actresses ;    Amazons ; 
Beauty,   personal ;    Celibacy ;    Chastity ; 
Children  ;  Convents  ;  Costume  ;  Deacon- 
esses ;    Domestic  economy  ;    Etiquette  ; 
Family ;    Fancy   work ;    Girls ;    Home ; 
Love  ;  Marriage  ;  Mothers  ;  Needlework  ; 
Nuns ;    Nurses    and    nursing ;      Prosti- 
tution ;    Queens  ;    Sex ;  Singers  ;  Sister- 
hoods ;   Widows ;   Wives ;  Woman  suf- 
rage ;  Young  women. 

Refer  from  Anthropology  ;  Biography ; 
Emancipation ;  Ethics ;  Family ;  Fe- 
male ;  Girls ;  Home  ;  Labor ;  Ladies ; 
Man ;  Marriage ;  Rights  of  women ; 
Sociology ;  Wives ;  Young  women. 
Woman,  Diseases.  See  also  Hysteria ; 
Medicine  ;  and  the  references  under  that 
head. 

Refer  from  Gynecology ;  Hygiene ;   Medi- 
cine; Medicine,  practice  of;  Physiology. 

191 


Wom-Wor]  LIST    OF    SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Woman,  Education. 
Refer  from    Coeducation ;    Colleges    and 

universities ;  Education.  ^y 

Woman,   Law.    See    also  Divorce ;  Infanti-    - 
cide ;   Marriage  ;   Prostitution ;    Woman 
suffrage. 

Refer  from   Crime ;    Criminal  law ;    Law. 
^Woman  suffrage. 

Refer  from  Suffrage  ;   Woman ;    Woman, 

Law. 

Wood.     See  also  Forestry ;  Timber ;   Trees. 
Refer  from  Building   materials ;  Timber ; 

Woods. 

Wood-carving.    See  also  Carving ;   Decora- 
tion  and  ornament ;    Furniture  ;    Sloyd. 
Refer  from  Carving  (wood,  etc.)  ;  Deco- 
ration   and    ornament ;     Fret    cutting ; 
Furniture  ;    Manual     training ;     Sloyd ; 
Woodwork. 
Wood-engraving. 

Refer  from  Engraving ;  Woodcuts. 
Woodcuts.     See  Wood-engraving. 
Woods.     See  Forestry  ;  Wood. 
^/-Woodwork.     See  also '  Cabinet   work  ;    Car- 
pentry ;  Turning ;  Wood-carving. 
Refer   from    Arts,     useful ;     Carpentry ; 

Manufactures ;  Turning. 
Wool.       See  also   Dyeing ;    Sheep ;    Textile 

fabrics  ;  Worsted ;  Yarn. 
Refer  from  Agriculture ;   Fibres  ;    Sheep ; 

Textile  fabrics  ;  Worsted ;  Yarn. 
'Words.      See   also    Etymology;    Grammar; 
Language  ;      Pronunciation  ;      Rhetoric ; 
Spelling ;     Synonyms ;     also    names    of 
languages. 

Refer  from  Etymology ;  Language. 
Work.     See  Labor. 
Workhouses.     See  Almshouses. 
Working-classes.     See  Labor. 
World.     See  Earth  ;  Universe. 
Worlds,  plurality  of.     See  Plurality  of  worlds. 
World's  fairs.     See  Exhibitions. 
Worms.     See  also  Parasites. 

Refer  from  Invertebrates  ;  Zoology. 
Worship.     See  also  Ancestor-worship ;  Ani- 
mals, worship  of;  Church  music;  Devo- 
tional exercises ;    Fetishism  ;    Fire-wor- 
shipers ;     Hymns ;    Idolatry ;    Litanies ; 
Liturgies  ;  Prayer ;  Prayers  ;  Responsive 
worship  ;  Rites  and  ceremonies  ;  Ritual- 
ism ;    Sacraments ;    Sacrifice ;    Serpent- 
worship  ;  Totems ;  Tree-worship. 
Refer  from  Church  polity ;  Devotion ;  De- 


Wor-You]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   HEADINGS 

votional  exercises ;  Prayer ;  Religion ; 
Religious  services ;  Rites  and  cere- 
monies ;  Ritualism ;  Theology. 

Worsted.     See  also  Sheep;  Textile  fabrics; 

Wool ;  Yarn. 
Refer  from  Textile  fabrics ;  Wool ;  Yarn. 

Wounds.     See  also  Surgery. 

Refer  from  Military  surgery ;  Naval  sur- 
gery ;  Surgery. 

Wrecks.     See  Shipwrecks. 

Writers.     See  Authors. 

Writing.  See  also  Abbreviations ;  Alpha- 
bet ;  Authorship ;  Cipher ;  Cuneiform 
writing ;  Hieroglyphics ;  Ink ;  Inscrip- 
tions ;  Letter-writing ;  Manuscripts  ;  Pa- 
per ;  Penmanship  ;  Rhetoric  ;  Shorthand ; 
Typewriting. 

Refer  from  Alphabet ;  Books  and  reading ; 
Diplomatics  ;  Epigraphy  ;  Inscriptions  ; 
Language  ;  Manuscripts  ;  Paleography ; 
Penmanship ;  Shorthand. 

Wrongs.     See  Torts. 

X  rays.  Refer  from  Cathode  rays  ;  Electric- 
ity ;  Light ;  Photography ;  Roentgen 
rays. 

Xylography.     See  Block-books. 

Yachting.      See  also   Boating;    Navigation; 

Sailing. 

Refer  from  Boating ;  Locomotion ;  Navi- 
gation ;  Sailing ;  Ship-building ;  Ships ; 
Sports. 

Yarn.  See  also  Cotton;  Flax;  Hemp;  Silk; 
Spinning ;  Textile  fabrics ;  Wool ; 
Worsted. 

Refer  from  Spinning ;  Textile  fabrics ; 
Wool;  Worsted. 

Year.       See    also    Calendar;     Chronology; 

Months ;  Seasons. 

Refer  from  Calendar ;  Chronology ; 
Months. 

Year-books.     See  also  Almanacs ;    Annuals ; 

Calendars. 

Refer  from  Almanacs ;  Annuals ;  Calen- 
dars ;  Registers ;  Statistics. 

Yellow  fever. 

Refer  from  Contagion ;  Epidemics ;  Fe- 
ver. 

Young  men.       See    also   Boys ;   Conduct  of 
life ;   Self-culture  ;  Success  ;  Young  peo- 
pie. 
Refer  from  Boys  ;  Ethics  ;  Young  people. 

Young  people.      See   also   Boys ;   Children  ; 

193 


You-Zoo]  LIST   OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

Education;   Girls;  Young  men;   Young 
women. 
Refer  from  Conduct  of  life ;   Education ; 

Ethics  ;  Young  men  ;  Young  women. 
Young  women.      See  also  Conduct  of  life ; 
Girls ;     Self-culture  ;     Woman ;     Young 
people. 
Refer     from     Ethics ;      Girls ;     Woman ; 

Young  people. 
Zodiac. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Stars. 
Zodiacal  light. 

Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Light. 
Zoological  gardens.     See  Menageries. 

Z logical  mythology.  See  Animals,  legends 
and  stories  of;  Animals,  worship  of. 
logy.  See  also  Alpine  zoology ;  Anat- 
omy ;  Animal  electricity  ;  Animal  heat ; 
Animal  locomotion  ;  Animal  psychology ; 
Animalcules  ;  Apes  ;  Aquarium  ;  Batra- 
chia  ;  Biology  ;  Birds  ;  Cells  ;  Color  of 
animals  ;  Crustacea  ;  Domestic  animals ; 
Domestication  ;  Embryology  ;  Evolution ; 
Fish  ;  Game  ;  Geographical  distribution  ; 
Gorilla ;  Heredity ;  Insects  ;  Instinct ; 
Invertebrates  ;  Mammals  ;  Man ;  Marine 
zoology  ;  Menageries ;  Microscope  ;  Mol- 
lusks  ;  Monkeys  ;  Monsters  ;  Natural  his- 
tory ;  Nests  ;  Paleontology ;  Parasites  ; 
Phosphorescence ;  Physiology ;  Quad- 
rupeds ;  Reptiles  ;  Seal ;  Species ;  Taxi- 
dermy ;  Vertebrates  ;  Wings  ;  Worms. 
Refer  from  Animal  kingdom  ;  Animals ; 
Beasts ;  Biology ;  Brutes  ;  Domestic  ani- 
mals ;  Fauna ;  Invertebrates  ;  Mammals  ; 
Natural  history  ;  Quadrupeds  ;  Science ; 
Vertebrates. 


194 


APPENDIX 


A.  Some  hints  on  subject  cataloging  in  dictionary  style,  by  C.  A.  Cutter. 

B.  Subheads  under  Countries  and  States. 

C.  Subheads  under  Cities. 

D.  Subheads  under  Bible. 

E.  Subheads  under  Shakespeare. 

F.  Subheads  under  Languages. 

G.  Country  and  language  divisions  of  the  forms  of  Literature. 

C/ 


195 


A. 

SOME    HINTS    ON    SUBJECT    CATALOGING    IN 
DICTIONARY    STYLE. 

BY  C.  A.  CUTTER. 

T"7  VERY  book  should  be  entered  under  the  word  that  most  closely  expresses  its 
li,  main  subject.  This  designation  should  be  as  exact  as  possible,  neither  too 
restricted,  for  then  part  of  the  book's  contents  will  be  wasted,  nor  too  general, 
because  it  is  not  the  purpose  to  make  a  classed  catalog. 

Do  not  enter  under  the  specific  subject  and  under  the  including  class  also. 
This  will  only  make  of  the  dictionary  catalog  an  incomplete  and  unsatisfactory 
classed  catalog.  [Cutter's  Rules,  §  93.] 

If  a  book  has  two,  three,  or  more  subjects  it  must  be  put  under  as  many  head- 
ings. But  before  making  more  than  one  entry  one  should  always  consider  whether 
there  is  not  some  word  that  includes  all  of  them  ;  if  there  is,  that  word  is  the  proper 
heading.  Thus  instead  of  putting  "Gesture  and  expression;  suggestions  for 
speakers  "  under  both  Expression  and  Gesture  it  should  be  entered  under  Elocution. 
Green's  "  Plants  and  animals"  should  not  be  entered  under  both  Botany  and  Zool- 
ogy but  under  Natural  history.  Sometimes  only  part  of  the  subjects  can  be  thus 
combined.  In  such  cases  the  others  must  receive  their  individual  entry.  [Cutter's 
Rules,  §§  109,  no.] 

Some  books  are  polytopical  which  do  not  appear  to  be  so  at  first  glance. 
"Travels  in  Armenia  and  China"  every  one  would  put  under  each  country; 
"  Plato's  doctrine  of  painting,"  by  Sartorius,  has  equally  two  subjects,  Plato  and 
Painting,  and  should  be  entered  under  each.  [Cutter's  Rules,  §§  109,  no.] 

If  two  subjects  are  frequently  conjoined  in  books  so  that  the  same  titles  would 
appear  under  both  headings,  a  saving  may  be  made  when  one  comes  to  print,  by 
substituting  a  reference  in  one  of  the  places.  Many  books,  for  example,  treat  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  A  Canadian  library  would  put  all  of  these  under 
Canada,  a  United  States  library  under  United  States,  with  a  general  reference 
under  the  other  heading.  But  in  a  card  catalog,  where  it  is  irksome  to  turn  from 
one  part  to  another,  one  ventures  on  such  saving  much  less  often. 

Not  infrequently  it  is  worth  while  to  enter  under  a  separate  heading  a  subject 
which  fills  only  a  volume,  a  chapter,  or  an  appendix.  But  the  cataloger  must  be 
careful  not  to  push  this  analytical  work  too  far.  He  is  not  making  an  index  but 
a  catalog.  A  library  with  few  books  needs  to  bring  out  its  hidden  treasures  in  this 
way  more  than  one  which  has  whole  works  on  the  various  subjects.  But  it  must 

197 


APPENDIX 

be  remembered  that  a  reference  in  Mr.  Fletcher's  "A.  L.  A.  index"  will  often 
serve  about  as  well  as  an  entry  in  one's  own  catalog,  just  as  Poole's  "  Index  to 
periodical  literature  "  makes  it  wrong  to  write  analyticals  for  any  of  the  magazines 
indexed  therein.  [Cutter's  Rules,  §§  125-128.] 

Do  not,  at  first,  make  very  minute  subdivisions  under  countries,  but  as  the 
number  of  titles  increases  break  them  up  more  and  more  into  groups.  Other  com- 
prehensive subjects,  such  as  Law,  Philosophy,  Religion,  may  have  subdivisions  if 
made  necessary  by  a  large  number  of  cards.  The  subheads  appropriate  under  every 
subject  are  Bibliography,  Dictionaries,  History,  Periodicals.  [Cutter's  Rules, 
§  255,  last  three  paragraphs  of  fine  print.  See  also  Appendixes  B-F.] 

It  will  not  do  to  trust  the  title-page  alone  in  assigning  subject  headings.  Titles 
are  often  misleading.  Examine  the  table  of  contents  and  turn  over  the  pages  ;  in 
many  cases  one  must  read  a  part  of  the  work  before  one  knows  just  what  its  subject  is. 

For  fuller  discussion  see  Cutter's  Rules  for  a  dictionary  catalog,  third  edition, 
pages  45-59. 


B. 


COUNTRIES    AND    STATES. 

i.  A  SHORTER  SCHEME  OF  SUBHEADS. 

BASED   ON   THE    1893    REPORT    OF    THE    COMMITTEE   ON   AN   INDEX    TO    SUBJECT    HEADINGS, 

LIBRARY   JOURNAL,    l8:C8o. 


Publications  of  the  Government. 

These  may  be  arranged  before  books  about 

the  country,  as  in  the  fuller  scheme  below, 

or  the  different  departments,  etc.,  may   be 

arranged  in  the  same  alphabet  as  the  subjects. 

Example : 

.Education. 
Education  bureau. 
Finance. 

Geological  survey. 
Geology. 

A  full  list  of  departments,  bureaus,  etc.,  of 
the  United  States  government  is  given  at  the 
end  of  the  Catalog  of  the  public  documents 
of  the  53d  Congress,  Washington,  1896. 

Works  about  a  Country  or  State. 
General  and  miscellaneous.     [This  heading 

need  not  be  written  on  the  cards.] 
*  Agriculture. 
Antiquities. 

Army  and  navy  [under  states  use  Militia] . 
Bibliography. 


Biography. 

Church  history. 

Colonies. 

Commerce  and  industries. 

Constitution. 

Description  and  travel. 

Directories. 

*Education. 

Finance. 

*Fine  arts. 

Foreign  relations,  Treaties. 

*  Geology  [including  physical  geography  and 

paleontology] . 

*  Heraldry. 

History  [subdivided  by  periods  when  neces- 
sary]. 

Laboring  classes. 

Law. 

Literature.  See  adjective  form  of  literature 
name ;  i.e.  (under  France)  See  French 
literature.  [Consult  Appendix  G.] 

Manners  and  customs. 

*  Natural  history. 


*Many  catalogers  prefer  to  enter  books  on  an  art  or  science  under  the  art  or  science,  subdivided  by  country 
Sf  necessary. 

198 


COUNTRIES    AND    STATES 


Politics  and  government. 

Religion. 

Statistics. 

Surveys. 

If  a  book  cannot  properly  be  entered  un- 


der either  of  the  above  subheads  the  proper 
heading  may  be  selected  from  the  fuller 
scheme  given  below.  Small  libraries  are  ad- 
vised not  to  multiply  subdivisions  until  needed, 
as  too  many  subheads  are  confusing. 


2.     A  FULLER   SCHEME   OF   SUBHEADS. 

AS   USED   IN   THE   CARD   CATALOG   OF    THE   BOSTON   PUBLIC    LIBRARY. 

[Printed  by  permission  of  the  library.] 


I. 

Publications  of  the  Government  in  its  Dif- 
ferent Departments. 

Constitution. 

Constitution,  works  about. 

Executive  government  (as  President,  Gov- 
ernor, etc.). 

Legislative  government  (as  Congress,  Gen- 
eral court,  Assembly,  etc.,  with  divi- 
sions-: Acts,  laws;  Journals;  Reports; 
etc.). 

Ministers  or  departments  (arranged  alpha- 
betically) . 

2. 

Works  about  a  Country  or  State. 

Agriculture. 

Annexations. 

Antiquities. 

Architecture.     See  Fine  arts. 

Archives. 

Army  and  navy. 

Asylums'.     See  Hospitals. 

Banks. 

Bibliography.     See  also   Literature,  division 

Bibliography. 
Biography  and  genealogy. 
Botany. 
Boundaries. 
Business  associations. 
Canals.     See  Railroads. 
Capital  and  capitol. 
Census. 
Charities. 
Chronology. 
Civil    and    political    institutions,    etc.     See 

Political  history  and  affairs. 
Civil  service. 
Civilization. 
Climate.     See  Meteorology. 


Coats  of  arms  and  seals. 

Coinage.     See  Numismatics. 

Colonies. 

Commerce. 

Conchology.     See  Malacology. 

Conventions  and  public  meetings. 

Costume. 

Crime.     See  Prisons. 

Customs.     See  Manners  and  customs. 

Description,  travel.     See  Geography. 

Dialects.     See  Language. 

Dictionaries.     See  Language. 

Directories    (including    registers    of    public 

officials). 

Drama  (including  stage). 
Ecclesiastical    history.     See    History,    relig- 
ious. 
Ecclesiastical    institutions.       See    Religious 

institutions. 
Education. 
Elections. 

Emigration  and  immigration. 
Entomology. 
Epidemics. 
Ethnology. 

Exhibitions  of  industry  and  art. 
Finance. 

Currency  question. 
Fine  arts. 

General  works.  Painting. 

Architecture.  Sculpture. 

Music. 
Fisheries. 
Folk-lore. 
Folk-songs. 
Foreign  relations. 

Treaties. 
Forestry. 
Fortifications. 
Galleries  and  museums. 
Gazetteers.     See  Geography. 


199 


APPENDIX 


Genealogy.     See  Biography. 

Geodesy. 

Geography,  description  and  travel. 

General  works.  Maps. 

Gazetteers.  Views. 

Guide  books. 

Geology,  physical  geography  and  paleontol- 
ogy- 

Grammar.     See  Language. 
Harbors. 
Health  resorts. 

Heraldic  and  social  distinctions. 
Herpetology. 
History. 

General  works. 

Bibliography. 

By  reigns,  administrations,  etc. 

Comprehensive  works. 

Early  periods. 

Historical  fiction. 

Local  history. 

Military     history.       See     also    Militia 
(under  states). 

Naval  history. 

Personal  narratives  (in  histories  of  the 
American  civil  war) . 

Political  history.      See  Political  history 
(below) . 

Religious  and  ecclesiastical  history. 
Hospitals  and  asylums. 
Ichthyology. 

Immigration.     See  Emigration. 
Indians.     (For  states.) 
Indians    of    the    U.  S.        See    Indians    of 

America. 

Internal  improvements.     See  Public  works. 
Internal  revenue.     See  Revenue. 
Jurisprudence. 
Laboring  classes. 
Land  question. 
Language. 

General  works. 

Conversation  and  phrase  books. 

Dialects. 

Dictionaries. 

Grammar. 

General  works. 
Pronunciation. 
Prosody. 
Syntax. 

Reading  books. 

Rhymes. 

Spelling. 

Works  in  the  language. 


Libraries. 

Literary  and  scientific  institutions. 

Literature. 

General  works. 

Bibliography.     See  also  Bibliography. 

Collections. 

Criticism. 

History. 

Poetry. 

Poetry,  collections. 
Malacology. 
Manners  and  customs. 
Manufactures. 

Medicine  (including  diseases) . 
Meteorology  and  climatology. 
Military  history.     See  History,  military ;  for 

states,  see  also  Militia. 
Militia.     (For  states.) 
Mineralogy. 
Mines  and  mining. 
Missions. 

Music.     See  Fine  arts. 
Mythology. 
Natural  history. 

Naval  history.     See  History,  naval. 
Navy.     See  Army  and  navy. 
Newspapers. 
Numismatics. 
Ornithology. 
Painting.     See  Fine  arts. 
Paleontology.     See  Geology. 
Patents. 
Periodicals. 
Philosophy. 

Physical  geography.     See  Geology. 
Poetry.     See  Literature. 
Police. 

Political  economy. 
Political  history  and  affairs. 
Pomology. 
Poor,  the. 

Population.     See  also  Census. 
Printing. 

Prisons  (including  Crime). 
Public  lands. 
Public  works. 
Railroads,  canals,  etc. 
Reading  books.     See  Language. 
Reformatory  institutions.     See  Prisons. 
Registers  of  public  officials.     See  Directories. 
Religious  and  ecclesiastical  institutions. 
Revenue. 

Revenue,  internal. 
Revenue,  surplus. 


200 


CITIES 


Rhymes.     See  Language. 
Rivers. 
Roads. 

Sanitary  affairs. 

Scientific  institutions.     See  Literary  and  sci- 
entific institutions. 
Sculpture.     See  Fine  arts. 
Slavery  question. 
Social  science. 
Sports  and  sporting. 
Statistics. 


Surplus.     See  Revenue. 

Surveys. 

Tariff. 

Taxation. 

Towns. 

Travel.     See  Geography. 

Treaties.     See  Foreign  relations. 

Water  power. 

Water  supply. 

Weights  and  measures. 

Zoology. 


c.  - 

CITIES. 


i.  A  SHORTER  SCHEME  OF  SUBHEADS. 

BASED   ON   THE    1893     REPORT   OF   THE   COMMITTEE   ON   AN    INDEX    TO    SUBJECT   HEADINGS, 

LIBRARY   JOURNAL,    l8:C8o. 


Publications  of  a  City. 

These  may  be  arranged  before  books  about 
the  city  as  in  the  fuller  scheme  below,  'or  the 
different  departments  may  be  arranged  in  the 
same  alphabet  as  the  subjects. 
Example : 

Finance. 

Fire  department. 

Health  board. 

History. 

Manners  and  customs. 

Mayor. 

Works  about  a  City. 

General  and  miscellaneous.     [This  heading 
need  not  be  written  on  the  cards.] 


Antiquities. 

Bibliography. 

Biography. 

Charitable  institutions. 

Churches  and  religious  institutions. 

Description. 

Directories. 

Education. 

Finance. 

Fine  arts. 

History. 

Manners  and  customs. 

Politics  and  government. 

Public  works. 

Statistics. 


2.     A   FULLER    SCHEME   OF    SUBHEADS. 

AS   USED   IN   THE   CARD   CATALOG   OF    THE   BOSTON   PUBLIC    LIBRARY. 


[Printed  by  permission  of  the  library.] 


There  are  two  divisions  and  two  alphabets 
in  the  card  catalog  under  Cities : 

i .  The  publications  of  a  city,  arranged 
alphabetically  by  the  names  of  the  depart- 
ments. 2.  Books,  etc.,  about  a  city,  ar- 
ranged alphabetically  by  subjects,  as  Antiq- 
uities, Description,  History,  Parks. 


i. 


Charters. 
Mayor. 
City  council. 
Board  of  aldermen. 
Common  council. 

Departments,    arranged   alphabetically, 
varying  with  each  city. 


and 


201 


APPENDIX 


2. 

Annexations. 

Antiquities. 

Banks. 

Benevolent  institutions.     See  Charitable  in- 
stitutions. 

Bibliography. 

Biography  and  genealogy. 

Botany. 

Boundaries. 

Bridges. 

Business  associations,  etc. 

Cemeteries. 

Census. 

Centennial  celebrations,  etc.  ^ 

Charitable  institutions  and  affairs. 

Churches.     See  also  Religious  institutions. 

Clubs. 

Commerce.     See  Business. 

Commercial  institutions.     See  Business  asso- 
ciations. 

Conventions  and  public  meetings. 

Courts. 

Custom-house. 

Description,  topography,  etc. 
General  works. 
Guide  books. 
Manners  and  customs. 
Maps. 
Views. 

Directories    (including    Registers    of   public 
officials). 

Ecclesiastical    institutions.      See  Churches  ; 
Religious  institutions. 

Education. 

(General  works  on  the  educational  insti- 
tutions and  advantages  of  a  city. 
Official  publications,  as  those  by  the 
School  committee,  etc.,  are  placed  in 
division  one,  Departments  —  Public 
schools,  and  School  committee.) 

Elections. 

Epidemics. 

Exhibitions  of  industry  and  art. 

Fairs. 

Ferries. 

Finance. 

Financial    institutions.     See    Banks ;    Busi- 
ness associations. 

Fine  arts. 

Fires. 

Fortifications. 

Fourth  of  July  celebrations  and  orations. 

Galleries,  museums,  etc. 


Genealogy.     See  Biography. 

Geology. 

Guide  books.  See  Description,  division 
Guide  books. 

Guilds. 

Harbor. 

History. 

Hospitals. 

Hotels,  taverns,  etc. 

Labor  and  laboring  classes. 

Libraries. 

(Works  about  the  libraries  of  a  city. 
Libraries  belonging  to  a  city  are  in- 
cluded in  the  first  division,  as  a  depart- 
ment of  the  city.) 

Literary  and  scientific  institutions,  etc. 

Manners  and  customs.     See  Description. 

Manufactures. 

Maps.     See  Description. 

Markets. 

Monuments. 

Museums.     See  Galleries. 

Musical  organizations.  (To  be  found 
under  their  corporate  names,  as  Apollo 
club.) 

Parks. 

Paving.     See  Streets. 

Police. 

Political  organizations  and  affairs. 

Poor,  the. 

Post-office. 

Printing. 

Prisons  and  reformatory  institutions. 
Public  buildings. 

Public  meetings.     See  Conventions. 
Public  schools.     See  references  under  Edu- 
cation. 
Railroads. 

Registers  of  public  officials.  See  Direc- 
tories. 

Religious  institutions  and  affairs. 
Riots. 

Sanitary  affairs. 
Schools.     See  Education. 
Scientific    institutions.      See  Literary    insti- 
tutions. 
Sewerage. 
Statistics. 
Streets. 

Suits  at  law,  plaintiff  or  defendant. 
Taxation. 
Theatres. 

Topography.     See  Description. 
Views.     See  Description. 


202 


Vital  statistics.     See  Statistics. 

Voters. 

Voting  precincts. 

Wards. 


BIBLE 


Water  supply. 

Wharves. 

Miscellaneous. 


D. 

BIBLE. 


r.  A  SHORTER  SCHEME  OF  SUBHEADS. 


Whole  Bible. 
Text  of  the  whole  Bible. 
Works  about  the  whole  Bible. 

General  and  miscellaneous.    [This  head- 
ing need  not  be  written  on  the  cards.] 
Concordances. 
Dictionaries. 

Old  Testament. 
Text. 

Works  about  the  Old  Testament. 
Collections  of  books,  such  as 

Pentateuch, 

Historical  books,  etc. 


Single  books  [arranged  in  the  same  order  as 
in  the  Bible.  Works  about  a  book  fol- 
low its  text] . 

Apocrypha. 

New  Testament. 

Text. 

Works  about  the  New  Testament. 

Collections  of  books,  such  as 
Gospels, 
Epistles,  etc. 

Single  books  [arranged  in  the  same  order  as 
in  the  Bible.  Works  about  a  book  fol- 
low its  text] . 

Apocryphal  New  Testament. 


2.     A    FULLER    SCHEME    OF    SUBHEADS. 

• 

[Printed,  with  additions,  by  permission  of  the  New  York  State  Library  School.] 


Whole  Bible. 

Bible  treated  as  an  author,  i.  e.,  original  text. 

Polyglots. 

English,  with  and  without  commen- 
taries, chronologically  arranged. 

In  other  languages,  alphabetically  as  to 
names  of  languages. 

Selections. 

Bible  treated  as  a  subject,  i.  e.,  works  about 

the  Bible. 
Antiquities. 

Bibliography  and  literary  history. 
Biography. 
Canon. 
Chronology. 

Commentaries  without  text. 
Concordances. 

Criticism,  interpretation,  etc. 
Dictionaries. 
Evidences,  authority,  etc. 


Geography. 

Hermeneutics.  See  Criticism,  interpre- 
tation, etc. 

History  of  biblical  events. 

Illustrative  works.    See  Miscellaneous. 

Inspiration. 

Introductions. 

Language,  style. 

Paraphrases. 

Questions.  See  Sunday  School  question 
books  (under  Sunday). 

Revision. 

Science. 

Miscellaneous. 

Old  Testament. 
Text. 

Works  about  the  Old  Testament. 
Collections  of  books,  such  as 

Octateuch, 

Pentateuch,  etc. 


203 


APPENDIX 


Single  books.      [Arrange  text  of  each  book 

Bel  and  the  Dragon. 

alphabetically     by     language.      Works 

Prayer  of  Manasses.     Maccabees,  i  ,2,3,4. 

about  a  book  follow  its  text.] 
Genesis.                        Song  of  Solomon. 

Other  Apocryphal  books  in  alphabetic  order, 
as  :  Adam,  Enoch,  Jasher. 

Exodus.                         Isaiah. 

Leviticus.                       Jeremiah. 
Numbers.                      Lamentations. 

New  Testament. 

Text. 

Deuteronomy.               Ezekiel. 
Joshua.                           Daniel. 
Judges.                          Hosea. 

Works  about  the  New  Testament. 
Collections  of  books,  such  as  : 

Ruth.                             Joel. 

Gospels, 

Samuel,  1,2.                Amos. 

"        Harmonies, 

Kings,  1,2.                   Obadiah. 
Chronicles,  i,  2,           Jonah. 
Ezra.                              Micah. 

Epistles,  etc. 
Single  books.           [See  note  under  O.  T.] 
Matthew.                        Thessalonians,  i,  2. 

Nehemiah.                     Nahum. 

Mark.                             Timothy,  1,2. 

Lukp                                             Titnc 

Esther.                           Habakkuk. 

.i_«uivv,.                                                             XltUo. 

Job.                                Zephaniah. 
Psalms.                          Haggai. 

John.                              Philemon. 
Acts.                              Hebrews. 

Proverbs.                       Zechariah. 
Ecclesiastes.                 Malachi. 

Romans.                        James.  • 
Corinthians,  1,2.         Peter,  1,2. 

Apocrypha  :  collections    of    books. 
Single  books.    • 
Esdras.                          Ecclesiasticus. 

Galatians.                      John,  i,  2,  3. 
Ephesians.                     Jude. 
Philippians.                    Revelation. 
Colossians. 

Tobit.                            Baruch. 

• 

Judith.                           Song   of  the   three 

Apocryphal  New  Testament. 

Wisdom    of     Solo-          children. 

Collections. 

mon.                          Susanna. 

Single  books. 

SHAKESPEARE. 

i.  A  SHORTER  SCHEME  OF  SUBHEADS. 


Shakespeare's  Works. 

Collected  works. 

Poetic  works. 

Selections. 

Quotations. 

Single  plays.  [Arrange  alphabetically  by  title, 

with  illustrative  works  following  each.] 
Single  poems.    [Arrange  alphabetically,  etc.] 


Works  about  Shakespeare. 

General  and  miscellaneous.      [This  heading 

need  not  be  written  on  the  cards.] 
Authorship. 
Bibliography. 
Biography. 
Concordances. 
Dictionaries. 


204 


LANGUAGES 


2.  A  FULLER  SCHEME  OF  SUBHEADS. 

[Prepared  for  the  New  York  State  Library  School,  by  Edith  Davenport  Fuller.] 


Shakespeare's  Works. 

Collected  works  and  collected  plays.  [Ar- 
range chronologically  by  imprint.] 

Single  plays.  [Arrange  plays  alphabetically 
by  title,  with  their  illustrative  works  fol- 
lowing each.  Editions  of  each  play  are 
arranged  chronologically  by  imprint,  fol- 
lowed by  their  illustrative  works  arranged 
alphabetically  by  author.] 

Poetic  works.  [Arrange  chronologically  by 
imprint,  with  criticisms,  etc.,  following.] 

Single  poems.   [See  note  under  Single  plays.] 

Selections.  [Arrange  alphabetically  by  com- 
piler.] 

Quotations. 

Shakespeare's  will. 

Spurious  and  doubtful  works. 

Translations.  [These  are  better  arranged 
with  the  English  editions.  If  by  them- 
selves they  will  come  after  Spurious  and 
doubtful  works.] 

Works  about  Shakespeare. 

Authorship. 

Bibliography. 

Biography  and  general  criticism. 


[Biography  includes  Portraits,  and  various 
personal  questions  as  Autograph,  House, 
Name,  etc.  Criticism  includes  Com- 
mentaries without  text.  The  criticism 
on  a  single  play  follows  its  text.] 

Celebrations. 

Characters. 

Chronology. 

Commentaries.     See  Biography. 

Concordances. 

Cyclopedias.     See  Dictionaries. 

Dictionaries. 

Forgeries. 

Indexes.     See  Concordances. 

Language,  pronunciation  and  versification. 

Shakespeare-Bacon  controversy.  See  Author- 
ship. 

Sources,  Stories,  Imitations,  etc. 

Textual  criticism. 

General.      [The  textual    criticism  of  a 
single  play  follows  its  text.] 

Periodicals. 

Societies. 

Miscellaneous. 

Titles,  etc.,  beginning  with  the  word  Shake- 
speare. 


F. 


LANGUAGES. 

i.  A  SHORTER  SCHEME  OF  SUBHEADS. 


General  and  miscellaneous.     [This  heading 

need  not  be  written  on  the  cards.] 
Dialects. 
Dictionaries. 

Etymology  [meaning  derivation] . 
Grammar. 


History. 

Pronunciation. 

Prosody. 

Readers. 

Spelling. 

Synonyms. 


2.     A   FULLER   SCHEME   OF   SUBHEADS. 


General  and  miscellaneous.      [This  heading 

need  not  be  written  on  the  cards.] 
Accents. 
Alphabet. 


Bibliography. 

Composition. 

Conversation  and  phrase  books. 

Dialects. 


205 


APPENDIX 


Dictionaries. 

Etymology  [meaning  derivation] . 

Grammar. 

History. 

Idioms. 

Metre.     See  Prosody. 

Orthography.     See  Spelling. 

Periodicals. 


Pronunciation. 

Prosody. 

Readers. 

Rhymes. 

Spelling. 

Study  and  teaching. 

Synonyms. 

Syntax.     See  Grammar. 


G. 


COUNTRY    AND    LANGUAGE    DIVISIONS    OF    THE 
FORMS    OF    LITERATURE. 


For  these  the  adjective  form  of  the  country 
or  language  name  may  be  used :  French 
literature  and  French  poetry,  not  France, 
Literature,  and  France,  Poetry. 

The  following  are  the  principal  forms  of 
literature  which  may  be  placed  under  the 
local  adjective  prefix : 


Ballads. 

Drama. 

Essays. 

Fiction. 

Language. 

Letters. 

Literature. 

Newspapers. 


Orations. 

Parodies. 

Periodicals. 

Poetry. 

Satire. 

Songs. 

Sonnets. 

Wit  and  humor. 


Other  forms  of  literature  should  be  kept 
together  under  the  form  heading  instead  of 


being  scattered  through  the  alphabet  under 
the  country  adjective.     Such  are : 

Allegories.  Hymns. 

Anecdotes.  Inscriptions. 

Dialogues.  Legends. 

Emblems.  Maxims. 

Epigrams.  Mottoes. 

Epitaphs.  Proverbs. 

Fables.  Quotations. 

Fairy  tales.  Riddles. 

Folk-lore.  Sermons. 

The  smaller  libraries  may  prefer  to  enter 
English  ballads,  drama,  etc.,  with  the  gen- 
eral works  under  the  headings  Ballads, 
Drama,  etc. 

[Modified  from  the  Report  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  an  index  to  subject  headings, 
Chicago,  1893  (Library  journal,  i8:C8o)]. 


206 


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